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Physical ScienceBPS: Basic Physical Science *CPPP: College Prep Physical Science

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Content Topic

Core Concepts Content Statement

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Key Vocabulary

Instructional Strategies and

Resources(Formative)

I/R/

M Evidence of Understanding (Summative)

Study of Matter

1 MA.1 Classification of Matter

MA.1-1 Heterogeneous vs. homogeneous

a. Heterogeneous vs. homogeneous Uniform/Non-uniform Elements, Compounds & Mixtures Solutions are homogenous

ODEMA.1-1a

Pure SubstanceElementAtomCompoundHeterogeneous

mixtureHomogenous

mixtureSolutionSuspensionColloid

In Class Questions

LectureClass DiscussionsDemonstrationsAnimations or

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IRM

Section quizzesUnit TestLab AssessmentHomework Analysis

Study of Matter


MA.1-2 Properties of matter

a. Properties of matter Identify a substance by it Physical

and Chemical Properties Describe a solution by it

characteristics (solute, solvent saturation point)

*Solutions can be saturated Separate mixtures using the correct

separation technique

ODEMA.1-2a

Physical PropertiesViscosityConductivityMalleabilityMelting PointBoiling Point*Saturated*Unsaturated*SolubilityFiltrationDistillationDensity (m vs V

graph)Physical ChangeChemical PropertyFlammabilityReactivityChemical ChangePrecipitate

In Class Questions


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IRM



Study of Matter


MA.1-3 States of matter and its changes

a. States of matter and its changes Describe the states of matter by

their properties as well as the arrangement and motion of their particles.

b. Changes in the States of Matter Phase Changes (Melting, Freezing,

Boiling, Condensing) Phase Change Diagram

ODEMA.1-3aMA.1-3b

Solids,Liquids,Gases,Shape (define or

not),VolumeTemperature vs KEVolume vs Temp,Phase Changes, Melting,Freezing,Boiling,Condensing, *Sublimation,Temp vs Time

Graph,Melting Point,Freezing Point,Boiling Point,Condensation

In Class Questions



IRM


Study of Matter

1 MA.2Atoms

MA.2-1Models of the atom

a. Models of the atom (components) The atom is composed of protons,

neutrons and electrons They have measurable properties,

including mass and, in the case of protons and electrons, a characteristic charge

*Describe Rutherford’s Gold Foil Experiment and its implications

All atoms of a particular element have the same atomic number (# of p+)

Atomic Spectrum can be used to identify an element.

ODEMA.2-1a

Proton (p+),Neutron (n0),Electron (e-),Atomic Mass Unit,

Alpha Particles, Deflection,

Nucleus,*Plum Pudding

Theory, Nuclear Theory,

Atomic Number, Atomic Mass,

EM spectrum, Visible Light Spectrum, Wavelength,

Frequency

In Class Questions


Simulations

IRM


Study of 1 MA.2 MA.2-2 a. Ions (cations & anions) ODE Net Atomic Charge, In Class I Section quizzes


Matter Atoms Ions Atoms may gain or lose electrons to become charged.

MA.2-2a

Cation,Anion

QuestionsLectureClass DiscussionsDemonstrationsAnimations or

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Unit TestHomework Analysis

Study of Matter

1 MA.2Atoms

MA.2-3 Isotopes

a. Isotopes An element may have different

isotopes with different mass numbers (diff # of n0)

Atomic number, atomic mass and net atomic charge are used to determine the number of each subatomic particle in an atom.

ODEMA.2-3a

Atomic Number,Atomic Mass,Isotope,*Average Atomic

Mass

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Study of Matter

1 MA.3Periodic Trends

MA.3-1Periodic law

a. Periodic Law & Trends The periodic table is arranged in

order of increasing atomic number so that elements with similar chemical and physical properties are in the same column.

These columns are call groups or families.

Groups 1, 2 and 17 have a predictable charge.

ODEMA.3-1a

Periodic Table,Periodic Law,Metal properties,Nonmetal

properties, Metalloids,

Alkali Metals,Alkaline Earth

Metals,Halogens,Noble Gases (Inert

Gases)

In Class Questions


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Study of Matter

1 MA.4Bonding and Compounds

MA.4-1Bonding (ionic and covalent)

a. Ionic An ionic bond involves the

attraction of two oppositely charged

ODEMA.4-1a

Metals (cations),Nonmental (anions),Charges Attract &

In Class Questions

Lecture

IRM

Section quizzesUnit TestLab Assessment


ions, typically.

b. Covalent BondingCovalent bonds result from the

sharing of electrons between two atoms, usually nonmetals.

MA.4-1b

Repel“Opposites Attract”,“Likes Repel”Ionic Bond,Crystalline Lattice,Covalent Bond,Sharing electron,Molecules,Molecular

Substances,*Covalent Lattice,

Class DiscussionsDemonstrationsAnimations or

Simulations

Homework Analysis

Study of Matter

1 MA.4Bonding and Compounds

MA 4-2Nomenclature (naming)

a. Naming Ionic Compounds Identify and Ionic Compound An ionic bond involves the

attraction of two oppositely charged ions, typically.

Create a formula from a binary Ionic compound (creating a neutral proportion of ions) if given name (vice versa).

Naming Covalent Bonding Identify a covalent compound

(covalent bonds) Covalent bonds result from the

sharing of electrons between two atoms, usually nonmetals.

Create formula for a binary covalent compound (using the Greek prefixes) if given the name (vice versa).

ODEMA.4-2a

Binary Compounds,Subscripts,Ionic Compounds,Common Ion

Charges of Group 1, 2, 17 oxygen & hydrogen (no transition metals),

Covalent Compounds,

Greek Prefixes (up to 10),

In Class Questions


Simulations

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Study of Matter

2 MA.5Reactions of Matter

MA.5-1Chemical reactions

a. Chemical Reactions Conservation of matter is expressed

by writing balanced chemical equations.

Reactants and products can be identified from an equation.

ODEMA.5-1a

Conservation of Matter/Atoms,

Reactant, Product,Word Equations,Skeletal Equation, Coefficients,

In Class Questions


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Simple equations can be written and balanced given either the formulas of the reactants and products or a word description of the reaction.

During chemical reactions, thermal energy is either transferred from the system(substances) to the surroundings (exothermic) as a product or transferred from the surroundings to the system (substances (endothermic) as a reactant.

Balanced Chemical Equations,

Heat,Thermal Energy,Joules,*Calories,*BTUExothermic,Endothermic


Study of Matter

2 MA.5Reactions of Matter

MA.5-2Nuclear reactions

a. Nuclear reactions Nuclear reactions involve changes

to the nucleus and involve much larger energies than chemical reactions.

The strong nuclear force is the attractive force that binds protons and neutrons together in the nucleus.

If the strong nuclear force and electrical repulsion is unbalanced the element will undergo radioactive decay.

Other examples of nuclear processes include nuclear fission and nuclear fusion

ODEMA.5-2a

Strong Nuclear Force,

Radioactive Decay,Radio (active)

Isotopes,Half-life,

Radioactive,Decay Graphs,*Half-Life,*Radioactive Dating,Nuclear Fission

(split),*Atomic Bomb,Fission Reactor,Nuclear Fusion

(combine),*Hydrogen Bomb*Alpha Decay,* Beta Decay,

In Class Questions


Simulations

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Forces and Motion

2 FM.1Motion

FM.1-1Introduction to 1D vectors

a. Scalar & Vector Quantities Differentiate between a vector and

a scalar quantity. Vector quantities are represented

by arrows called “vectors”. *Adding and Subtracting Vectors

graphically only.

ODEFM.1-1a

Magnitude,Direction,Vector Quantity,Scalar Quantity,*Graphical Method

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Forces and Motion

2 FM.1Motion

FM.1-2Displacement,

a. Displacement, Velocity (constant, average, & instantaneous) and

ODEFM.1-

Frame of Reference,Position,

In Class Questions

IR

Section quizzesUnit Test


Velocity and Acceleration

Acceleration The motion of an object depends on

the observer’s frame of reference and is described in terms of distance, position, displacement, speed, velocity, acceleration and time.

Distinguish between distance and displacement when describing the motion of an object.

Velocity is a vector property that represents the rate at which position changes. Speed is the scalar (magnitude) value of velocity.

Motion diagrams (arrows or dots) can be used to describe the position and velocity of an object.

Acceleration is a vector property that represents the rate at which velocity changes

Constant Accelerations

2a Inertial/*Non-Inertial Frames of Reference,

Displacement,*[Δx=xf-xi],Distance,Change in Position,Time,Speed,Velocity [v=d/t],Average Velocity

[v=dt/tt],Instant Velocity,Velocity Vector,Displacement

Vector,*Combined Velocity

(2D),Acceleration

[a=Δv/Δt],*[a = (vf-vi)/(tf-ti)],Change in Velocity,Speed Up (+a),Slow Down (-a),*Change Direction,Constant

Acceleration,*Calculate

displacement while using interval method (const acc).

*Calculate displacement using formulas (const acc).

Free Fall*Calculate Free Fall

time or distance



M Lab AssessmentHomework Analysis

Forces and 2 FM.1 FM.1-3 a. Interpret Motion Graphs ODE Slope, In Class I Section quizzes


Motion Motion Graphing Motion

Position vs Time Graphs (slope = v) Velocity vs Time Graphs (slope = a) Determine specific characteristics

of motion from the postion vs time, velocity vs time graphs

FM.1-3a

Rise,Run,Displacement (Δ

position),Slope of flat line



RM

Unit TestLab AssessmentHomework Analysis

Forces and Motion

2 FM.2Forces

FM.2-1Force diagrams

a. Force Diagrams Force is a vector quantity with both

magnitude and direction (unit is a Newton) which can be described as a push or a pull.

Forces in the same direction add together and forces in opposite direction subtract (counter act each other).

Determine the net (left over force)

ODEFM.2-1a

PushPullNewton*PoundForce diagramNet Force in 1D*Net Force in 2D

(graphical method)

In Class Questions


Simulations

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Forces and Motion

2 FM.2Forces

FM.2-2Types of forces (gravity, friction, normal, tension)

a. Types of Forces Weight is the force of gravity A normal force is the reaction force

provided by a surface (pushes straight out)

Friction is the force that opposes the motion of an object.

A tension force occurs when a non-slack rope, wire, cord or similar device pulls on another object.

*Tension forces are in the direction of the pull and are the same at all locations in the rope, wire, cord or similar device.

ODEFM.2-2a

*Terminal VelocityGravityNormalNormal ForceFrictionTension

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Forces and Motion

2 FM.2Forces

FM.2-3Field model for forces at a distance

a. Fields of forces (forces at a distance) A field is used to describe a quantity

that can be measured at any location in 3D space.

These fields can describe scalar and vector (like force) quantities. They are present at all times.

The stronger the force field the

ODEFM.2-3a

Field model3 dimensionsScalar QuantitiesVector QuantitiesWeight = mass x g

[W=m.g]Gravity*Centripetal Force

In Class Questions



IRM



larger the force. Fields of force can be used to

describe gravitational, electrical and magnetic forces.

Weight (force of gravity) of an object can be calculated by using the gravitational strength (acceleration) at the surface of the earth (g =9.8 N/kg or *9.8 m/s2)

Gravity can act as a force toward the center (Centripetal force) causing a circular motion (or orbit)

*Orbit

Forces and Motion

2 FM.3Dynamics

FM.3-1Objects at rest

a. Objects at rest Objects at rest tend to stay at rest

(no change in motion) unless acted upon by a net external force.

ODEFM.3-1a

Newton’s 1st LawNet External ForceResting (v=0) (a=0)

In Class Questions


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Forces and Motion

2 FM.3Dynamics

FM.3-2Objects moving with constant velocity

a. Objects moving at a constant velocity (speed & direction)

Objects moving at a constant velocity stay at the same speed and direction (no change in motion) unless acted upon by a net external force.

Inertia is the measure of an objects resistance to a change in motion. Inertia is measured as mass.

ODEFM.3-2a

Newton’s 1st LawNet External ForceInertiaMassConstant Velocity

(v=# that is not changing) (a=0)

In Class Questions



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Forces and Motion

2 FM.3Dynamics

FM.3-3Accelerating objects

a. Accelerating objects Objects accelerate when a net

external force is applied to it. If the net force (vector sum) of the

forces is zero, the acceleration (change in motion is zero).

Forces interact in pairs. Interacting pairs of forces cannot cancel each

ODEFM.3-3a

AccelerationNet external forceMass (inertia)Newton’s 2nd LawNewton’s 3rd LawIf A acts on B, then B

acts on B in opposite direction

In Class Questions



IRM



other out because they are acting on different objects.

*Momentum is the product of the mass and velocity of an object.

*A momentum change on an object is caused if a force is applied over a period of time.

*Momentum is conserved in all collisions.

with the same amount.

*Momentum [p = m.v]

*Impulse*Law of

Conservation of Momentum

Energy and Waves

3 EW.1Conservation of Energy

EW.1-1Quantifying kinetic energy

a. Kinetic Energy (Ek) has no direction. Ek is associated with an objects mass

and velocity. Ek = 1/2mv2

ODEEW.1-1a

Kinetic Energy,Velocity,Mass,Scalar,Joule*Calorie*Nutritional Calorie

In Class Questions


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Energy and Waves


EW.1-2Quantifying gravitational potential energy

a. Gravitational Potential Energy (Eg) has no direction.

Eg is associated with the mass and height of an object.

The height will be measured from a chosen zero height (zero energy). Eg = mgh

ODEEW.1-2a

Gravitational Potential Energy,

Mass,Height,Scalar,Joule

In Class Questions


Simulations

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Energy and Waves


EW.1-3Energy is relative

a. Energy is relative to a reference point (or object).

Since velocity (motion) is measured to a point of reference. The Ek will be based on the reference point having no motion

The zero height (zero Eg) can be moved to help explain a situation better.

The true zero height (zero Eg) is the center of the earth.

ODEEW.1-3a

Energy,Reference Point,Velocity,Zero height,Motion,

In Class Questions



IRM


Energy and Waves

3 EW.2Transfer and Transformatio

EW.2-1Transfer of Energy (include

a. Work Work can be done to either give or

remove energy from an object of

ODEEW.2-1a

Work,Joules,Energy transfer,

In Class Questions

Lecture

IRM

Section quizzesUnit TestLab Assessment


n of energy work) system. The work (scalar) is measured in

Joules (J). The force (N) applied must be in the same direction as the displacement (m). W = F.Δx

b. Transfer of Energy Work can transfer energy into or

out of an object or system. Energy can be transferred through

natural processes. Calculate energy amounts and

changes in various situations. *The rate in which energy is

transferred is call the power output. It is measured in Joules/second or Watts (W)

EW.2-1b

Displacement,Force,NewtonWatt

Class DiscussionsDemonstrationsAnimations or


Homework Analysis

Energy and Waves

3 EW.3Waves

EW.3-1Refraction, reflection, diffraction, absorption, superposition

a. Waves transfer energy without displacing the medium.

Energy from waves are either reflected or absorbed when that wave encounters a medium change.

When waves are absorbed, they can bend paths or change into other forms of energy (Heat?).

Waves may undergo diffraction (bend around corner) when they pass by a barrier.

When tow waves travelling through the same medium, they pass through each other. When they meet they undergo superposition (interference) exhibiting constructive and destructive interference.

*Interference pattern shown by double slit diffraction.

Sound travels in waves and exhibits reflection, refraction, interference and diffraction.

ODEEW.3-1a

Wave,Refraction,Reflection,Diffraction,Absorption,Superposition,Heat,*Interference,*Slit Diffraction

In Class Questions



IRM


Energy and 3 EW.3 EW.3-2 a. Radiant energy is also known as ODE Radiant Energy, In Class I Section quizzes


Waves Waves Radiant energy and the electromagnetic spectrum

electromagnetic radiation (waves). This radiant energy comes in many

different types (colors). Radiant energy travels at the speed

of light (300 million m/s) in a vacuum.

Radiant energy demonstrates all forms of wave behavior (reflection, refraction, interference and diffraction).

Opaque objects (not transparent) will transmit very little radiant energy. This radiant energy usually is absorbed and causes an increase of thermal energy in the object.

EW.3-2a

Electromagnetic Radiation,Electromagnetic

SpectrumRadiant Energy,Reflection,Interference,Diffraction,Refraction,VacuumSpeed of Light,Opaque,Thermal energy


Simulations

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Unit TestLab AssessmentHomework Analysis

Energy and Waves

3 EW.3Waves

EW.3-3Doppler shift

a. The Doppler effect causes a change in frequency and wavelength observed when the source of the wave or the observer are moving relative to one another.

Frequency is higher (wavelength is smaller) when objects are moving toward each other (vice versa).

*Red shift and the expansion of the universe.

ODEEW.3-3a

Doppler Effect,Wavelength,Frequency,Red Shift

In Class Questions


Simulations

IRM


Energy and Waves

3 EW.4Thermal Energy

EW.4-1Thermal Energy

a. Thermal energy (TE=Ek of the atoms) is transferred by conduction, convection and radiation.

The rate of thermal conduction (conductivity) is the rate in which energy is transferred (J/s)

Thermal conductors have a high rate of thermal transfer (conductivity). Thermal insulators have a low conductivity.

If an object absorbs more TE than it emits, it increases its temperature (staying the same phase).

If an object emits more TE than it absorbs, it decreases its

ODEEW.4-1a

Thermal Energy,Conduction,Convection,Radiation,Thermal Conduction,Thermal Insulators,Conductivity,Temperature

In Class Questions



IRM



temperature (staying the same phase).

If an object emits the same amount of TE as it absorbs, no temperature change will be detected.

Energy and Waves

3 EW.5Electricity

EW.5-1Movement of Electrons

a. Electric charge builds by moving charges (usually electrons) to or from an object.

These charges apply forces of attraction and repulsion on one another.

A field can be used to describe these forces.

Objects can be charged by friction, contact or induction.

Differentiate between a conductor and an insulator.

ODEEW.5-1a

Electric Charge,Attraction,Repulsion,Coulomb’s Law,Friction,Conductor,Insulator

In Class Questions


Simulations

IRM


Energy and Waves

3 EW.5Electricity

EW.5-2Current

a. Electric current describes the flow of charges (usually electrons) through a conductor.

Differentiate between Direct (DC) and Alternating (AC) current.

ODEEW.5-2a

Electric Current,Electrons,Conductor,Direct Current,Alternating Current

In Class Questions



IRM


Energy and Waves

4 EW.5Electricity

EW.5-3Electric Potential (Voltage)

Potential difference (voltage) describes the change in electric potential energy per charge moving.

ODEEW.5-3a

Voltage,Potential,Charge

In Class Questions


Simulations

IRM


Energy and Waves

4 EW.5Electricity

EW.5-4Resistors and Transfer of Energy

a. Resistors change electric potential energy (voltage) to other more useful forms of energy.

By doing so, they slow down or resist the current. This is explained mathematically by Ohm’s Law.

ODEEW.5-4a

Resistors,Voltage,Potential,Current,Ohm’s Law

In Class Questions


Simulations

IRM



Investigative LabEnergy and Waves

4 EW.5Electricity

EW.5-5Circuits

a. A compete conducting loop containing a voltage source and resistor is needed to make an electric circuit.

This circuit must provide a path for electrons to return to the voltage source.

Series Circuits are created when resistors are connected in a row with only one path for the charges.

Parallel Circuits are created when resistors are connected in branches providing the charges with multiple paths.

Power (energy per second) is dissipated in each resistor. The energy dissipated each second must be provided by the voltage source.

ODEEW.5-5a

Conductor,Circuit,Voltage,Resistor,Series Circuit,Parallel Circuit,Power,Energy,Conservation of

Energy

In Class Questions



IRM


*Electromagnetism

4 EM.1*Permanent Magnets

EM.1-1*Permanent Magnets

a. *Permanent magnets apply a force that can be described by a field.

*Magnetic materials can retain or increase a magnetic field because their domains align.

ODEEM.1-1a

Magnet,Permanent Magnet,Magnetic Field

In Class Questions



IRM


*Electromagnetism

4 EM.2*Electromagnets

EM.2-1*Electromagnets

a. *Magnetic field are created when charges move (electric current).

*These can be predicted around a straight wire, a loop or a solenoid.

*Many devices use electromagnets to do work.

ODEEM.2-1a

Magnetic Field,Electric Current,Electromagnet,Work

In Class Questions



IRM


*Electromagnetism

4 EM.3Generating Electric Current

EM.3-1Generating Electric Current

a. A changing magnetic field will generate (induce) charges to move (current).

*Describe the difference between an AC generator and a DC

ODEEM.3-1a

Magnetic Field,Induced Charge,Current,*AC Generator,*DC Generator,

In Class Questions

LectureClass DiscussionsDemonstrations

IRM



generator. *Transformers use the constantly

changing magnetic field of an AC current to either change current or voltage.

*Transformer,Magnetic Field,Voltage

Animations or Simulations

*UNThe Universe

4 *UN.1History of the Universe

*UN.1-1History of the Universe

a. *Hubble’s law states that galaxies that are farther away have a greater red shift, so the speed at which a galaxy is moving away is proportional to its distance from the Earth.

*This lead to the development of the Big Bang Theory for the creation of the universe.

ODEUN.1-1a

*Hubble’s Law,*Red Shift,*Big Bang Theory

In Class Questions


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IRM


*UNThe Universe

4 *UN.2Galaxy Formation

*UN.2-1Galaxy Formation

a. *A galaxy is a group of billions of individual stars, star systems, star clusters, dust and gas bound together by gravity.

ODEUN.2-1a

*Galaxy,*Star,*Star System,*Star Cluster,*Gravity

In Class Questions


Simulations

IRM


*UNThe Universe

4 *UN.3Stars

*UN.3-1Formation; stages of evolution

a. *Early in the formation of the universe, stars coalesced out of clouds of hydrogen and helium and clumped together by gravitational attraction into galaxies.

*Stars are classified by their color, size, luminosity and mass. A Hertzprung-Russell diagram must be used to estimate the sizes of stars and predict how stars will evolve.

ODEUN.3-1a

Universe,Gravity,Stars,Luminosity,Mass,Hertzprung-Russell

Diagram

In Class Questions


Simulations

IRM


UNThe Universe

4 UN.3Stars

UN.3-2Fusion in Stars

a. *When interstellar gases are heated to a sufficiently high temperature by gravitational attraction, stars begin nuclear reactions, which convert matter to energy and fuse the lighter elements into heavier ones.

*All of the elements, except for hydrogen and helium, originated

ODEUN.3-2a

*Interstellar Gases,*Nuclear Reaction,*Nuclear Fusion,*Heavy Elements,*Gravity

In Class Questions


Simulations

IRM



from the nuclear fusion reactions of stars

Web viewSimple equations can be written and balanced given either the formulas of the reactants and...

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Transcript of Web viewSimple equations can be written and balanced given either the formulas of the reactants and...