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www.spin-safety.org
Electrical Safety
Subpart K
Disclaimer
The information presented in this presentation has been compiled from sources believed to be reliable and is intended to be a tool to assist and guide you in building your own presentation. This program may not address all the hazardous conditions or unsafe acts that may exist. For that reason, SPIN cautions users to confirm accuracy and compliance with the latest standards and best practices. Local, State/Provincial and Federal regulations take precedence over this material. Implementation of any practices suggested by this program is at your sole discretion, and SPIN will have no liability to any party for any damages including, but not limited to, direct, indirect, special or consequential damages, arising out of or in connection with the information provided or its use.
Purpose of Training
To increase employee awareness of electrical hazards on the jobsite
To control or eliminate employee exposure to electrical hazards
To ensure that everyone understands the AEGCP and the use of GFCI’s
To help meet OSHA compliance
Hazards of Electricity
Shock Fibrillation
– 50-100mA of current to cause fibrillation Damage to tissue
– external burns & internal tissue & organ damage– entry & exit wounds
Muscle Contractions– unable to release– causes longer period of contact
Electrocution
Current and Voltage Path Time
Electrocution?
Body temperature rises to 138° F Tissues are baked like well done beef Physical reactions include:
– heaving chest– foaming mouth – bloody sweat – burning hair & skin– release of feces– eyeballs pop out
Fatal Assumptions: 120Volts can’t hurt me DC can’t hurt me Overhead power lines are insulated I can’t get hurt if I don’t touch the wire The more I get shocked the more immune I
become Circuit breakers are designed for personnel
safety Joe Bob knows I’m working on this so I’m O.K.
Fatalities: Failure to lockout piece of equipment Power tools shorting out contacted overhead power lines
Three Levels of Protection:
Engineering danger out of the job
Safe work practices Personal protective
equipment (PPE)
Typical Construction Hazards
Overhead lines Buried lines Sharp edges on metal material (studs) Cords that are damaged in anyway Safe clearances around electrical
equipment Damaged tools or receptacles Wet weather conditions
Typical Construction Hazards
Temporary wiring High voltage lines
– crane operations– metal ladders– tight workspace
Improper or nonexistent grounding Non-existent or non-functional GFCI’s Improper or non-existent security
Common Citations No GCFI or AEGCP Tools have no ground Lack of training when near power lines Equipment not approved for classified
locations Guarding of live parts Flexible cord strain relief
OSHA Gives Two Options:
Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters– GFCI
Assured Equipment Grounding Conductor Program– AEGCP
Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters
Intended to quickly interrupt the circuit in the event of a ground fault, to prevent electrocution.
GFCI will break the circuit when a leakage of 5mA or more is occurring – usually within 1/40 of a second
GFCI requirements pertain only to temporary wiring on construction sites– exception: kitchens & other wet area’s
Must provide approved GFCI’s on all 120v, single phase, 15 & 20A receptacle outlets
Note: GFCI does not prevent shock!
How the GFCI protects people
(By opening the circuit when current flows through a ground-fault path)
Assured Electrical Grounding Conductor Program
All cord sets & receptacles which are not part of the permanent wiring of the building or structure shall be tested and marked.
Jan.-Mar. WhiteApril-JuneGreenJuly-Sept. RedOct.-Dec. OrangeRepair Brown
Jan.-Mar. WhiteApril-JuneGreenJuly-Sept. RedOct.-Dec. OrangeRepair Brown
When to test?
Before first use After any repairs
– Before equipment is returned to service Before equipment is used after any
incident, where damage may be suspected.
Every quarter
How to test?
Plugs in to show if terminals are correctly connected to ground, and if wire is continuous (without breaks)
Plugs in to show if terminals are correctly connected to ground, and if wire is continuous (without breaks)
Checks if ground is continuous from metal frame (a) through cord to 3rd prong (b). Also touch tester contact to (c) then (d) prongs to detect possible ground fault
Checks if ground is continuous from metal frame (a) through cord to 3rd prong (b). Also touch tester contact to (c) then (d) prongs to detect possible ground fault
Recording Test Results:
The test preformed shall be recorded to identify each receptacle, cord set and plug-connected equipment that passed.
This record shall be kept by:– logs– color coding– other effective means
Temporary Power Hook-Up
All temporary outlets rated at 120 volt, single phase, 15 & 20 amps must have GFCI’s and established AEGCP.
All extension cords will be of the three conductor wire type
All temporary lights must be guarded to protect against accidental contact or breakage
All temporary lights must be on separate circuits from tool circuits
Hand and Power Tools Inspect tools for wear or defects Never modify tools Inspect for frayed insulation or loose connection Make sure tools are clean and dry Do not carry, store or hang up by power cord Never remove grounding post Do not overload wall plugs or extension cords Stop using tools immediately if they begin to smoke,
spark or shock
Accident Review: The drill was not double
insulated and the ground prong was missing
Three citations issued:– GFCI’s or AEGCP– Inspect electrical tools– use equipment that
provides a permanent and continuous path from circuits or equipment to ground
Portable Extension Cords
Inspect portable extension cords daily:– Is the tool rated for the job your doing– Are the cord’s plug & receptacle designed to be used
together– Does the cord have loose parts, deformed & missing
pins or damage to outer insulation?– Does the cord have a working GFCI?– Ensure that cords are protected from pinch points &
sharp edges
Note: Never staple a cord, or raise and lower equipment with the cord.
Overload
Beware of overload More than two plugs per double outlet is
overloaded Never overload any outlet for any
reason
Housekeeping
Keep cords out of walkways and roadways– If not possible, cords must be protected
from vehicle traffic Keep cords clean & dry Make sure hands are dry before
unplugging cords and equipment
Flammable Dust and Vapors
Combustible dust, flammable fumes or excess oxygen can be ignited by a spark
Use ventilation to lower the concentration of atmospheric hazards in your work area.
Note: 60% of all industrial fires are caused by poor connections and faulty outlets.
For Electrical Fires
911 Do not touch burning object Do not use water
– use CO or ABC extinguisher Unplug or turn off the current if it can be done safely Stay clear of the area and wait for the professionals
Bonding
There is no voltage between two conductive objects that are bonded together
There is no voltage between two conductive objects that are bonded together
Approach distances for Qualified employees:
Qualified person: specifically trained in the hazards of working on energized parts and equipment.
300V & less…………………………..….Avoid contact Over 300V, not over 750V………………1 ft. 0 in. Over 750V, not over 2kV………………..1 ft. 6 in.Over 2kV, not over 15kV………………..2 ft. 0 in.Over 15kV, not over 37kV………………3 ft. 0 in.Over 37kV, not over 87.5kV…………….3 ft. 6 in.Over 87.5, not over 121kV………………4 ft. 0 in.Over 121kV, not over 140kV……………4 ft. 6 in.
300V & less…………………………..….Avoid contact Over 300V, not over 750V………………1 ft. 0 in. Over 750V, not over 2kV………………..1 ft. 6 in.Over 2kV, not over 15kV………………..2 ft. 0 in.Over 15kV, not over 37kV………………3 ft. 0 in.Over 37kV, not over 87.5kV…………….3 ft. 6 in.Over 87.5, not over 121kV………………4 ft. 0 in.Over 121kV, not over 140kV……………4 ft. 6 in.
Approach distances for unqualified employees:
Neither you nor anything you touch can get within 10 feet of an over head line carrying up to 50kV.
Add 4 inches of clearance for every 10kV over 50kV.
Electrical Arc:
Temperature can reach 35,000º F– 4 times hotter than the sun– similar to nuclear weapons
You can be killed at up to 20 feet from a high energy arc– and receive severe burns as far as 40 feet away
Over half of all electrical injuries involve burns from arcs
Be Alert - Don’t Get Hurt
High Voltage Lines
1 out of 3 injuries cause by high voltage lines results in death!
Reminders for operators:– Make sure that no part of your equipment can come
within 10 feet of high voltage lines.– Never attempt to raise or move high voltage lines– If equipment touches a high voltage line back away or
lower boom to break contact– Generally safe to stay in the cab– Dismount by jumping clear, and shuffling
Note: Never touch any part of the equipment and ground at the same time
Accident Review:
Employee received no training on the hazard nor any specific instruction
Two serious citations were issued:– Lack of training– Not permit employees to
work near any electrical power circuit without de-energizing
Accident Review Unloading a 40 foot
telephone pole from pipe rack
Four serious citations issued– Training on the hazards– Do not operate equipment
within approach distances– Did not maintain proper
clearances– Determine existing
conditions
First Aid Do not touch the victim 911 Turn off power Use non-conductive object to push person away from
the electrical source Administer rescue breathing, if breathing has stopped Administer CPR if heart has stopped Cover electrical burns Reassure & calm victim until help arrives
Report All Near Misses
Often symptoms are delayed and the person may need medical attention.
The Safety Department must be notified any time an employee has an accident involving an electrical shock.
Note: the purpose of the investigation, is to prevent the reoccurrence
Lock Out-Tag-out
The The Control of Control of Hazardous Hazardous Energy Energy
Authorized & Affected:
Authorized: employees will actually be performing the lock-out tag-out procedures, and must be trained to understand the program
Affected: employees working in the area, must understand what lock-out tag-out is and how it effects them.
When Should You Lock-Out
Clearing blocked or jammed mechanisms
Maintenance or repair work on equipment with moving parts
Certain confined space entries Repairs or installation on electrical
circuits
Sequence of Lock-out or Tag-out Procedure Notify all affected employees Shut down machine or equipment Isolate energy source
springs air/ gas radioactive
hydraulic water pressure electrical
steam chemical mechanical
centrifugal Lock-out & tag-out energy isolating device After ensuring that no one is exposed, check to be sure
energy source is disconnected
Caution: Return operating controls back to neutral or off position
Accident Review Employee was attempting
to correct an electrical problem with two non-operational lights
Two citations issued:– No Lock-out / Tag-out
program– Circuit not de-energized or
locked / tagged -out
Procedure Involving More Than One Person Each person shall have his
own lock Each lock shall be secured, so
that all locks must be removed before equipment can be re-energized
The lock may only be removed by the person who placed it there
Maintenance and Repair of Equipment in the Field
Any vehicle determined to be unsafe shall be tagged out of service and may not be operated
Mechanic will notify supervisor & the operator and obtain approval to service equipment
If equipment is in operation perform normal shut down procedures
Person performing work will then place lock-out or tag-out device in position
Key shall be removed from equipment & placed in pocket of person performing work
Removal of the Tags and Locks:
Under normal conditions each person will remove their own tags & locks
If the signer of the tag is not available or has left the site, a supervisor meeting the following may remove the tag or lock:– Supervisor from same dept.– Supervisor must talk to signer on condition of equipment– Supervisor must have sufficient knowledge of work
being performed– Supervisor must be able to exercise proper judgement
Re-energizing Electrical Systems
Inspect the entire work area– tools have been removed– guards are in place
Insure equipment is safe to operate Warn co-workers
– no one is exposed – Notify everyone affected
Remove locks & re-energize
Remember: Notify all affected employees Shut down machine or equipment Isolate energy source Lock out & tag-out energy isolating device Check to be sure that energy source is
disconnected Return operating controls back to neutral or
off position
As a Safety Professional, SPIN encourages you to submit safety resources that are particularly beneficial to fellow Safety Professionals. We welcome your suggestions and thank you for your input. Please use the following instructions when submitting resources.
1. Please include your full name (first & last) in the subject section of the your email
2. Please include a brief description, name of program and version of any and all files submitted
3. Please use a compression program, like WinZip, when submitting multiple or large files
4 Please include appropriate contact information (name, phone number, etc.) when referring potential new members
5. Include links to safety related URL's in the description section
6. Please send photos and graphic files as 72 dpi jpg, tif or gif files
submit all items to: [email protected]
For more information about SPIN visit the web-site at www.spin-safety.org or call 1-800-673-0439