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LRJJ Official Referencing Style

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Why Referencing?

• To avoid plagiarism• To add reliability and credibility to your

work • To give due respect to those whose work

contributed to your discussion• To acknowledge the source of all ideas

which are not common knowledge• To allow readers of your work to read

more on the topic and check your interpretation

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Plagiarism

• “The stealing of thoughts or writings of others and giving them out as your own” (Oxford, 2001, p. 961).

Plagiarism in any submitted work at Les Roches Jin Jiang will result in ZERO mark.

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Golden Rulesfor Referencing

• A reference must be included every time you use someone else’s information or ideas.

• A reference must be included when you:– Paraphrase, Quote, Summarize, Copy

• Each reference must appear in two places:– The in-text reference / citation – The reference list at the end of your work.

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Golden Rulesfor Referencing

• No wikipedia

• No blog

• Use your own word, do not use synonym

• Use databases, journals, peer-reviewed resources

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In-text Citation

• Three sources for information:– Self ideas and observations.– General common information.– Specific information, phrases and ideas

from other sources ("borrowed information").

In-text citation is only required when you use specific “borrowed information”.

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In-text Citation

Unacceptable:

Revenue Management is an application to analyze and estimate consumer behavior with the correct information and pricing strategies in order to maximize revenue. In short, it is a method “to sell the right inventory unit to the right type of customer, at the right time and for the right price”.

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In-text Citation

Acceptable:

According to Cross (1997), Revenue Management is an application to analyze and estimate consumer behavior with the correct information and pricing strategies in order to maximize revenue. Kimes (2000, p. 3) simplified its definition as a practice of “selling the right inventory unit to the right type of customer, at the right time and for the right price”.

Paraphrasing: (Author, year)

Direct quotation: (Author, year, p. xx)

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Reference List vs.Bibliography

• Reference list– A complete alphabetical list of all the sources you

have used in your work.

• Bibliography– A list of books, articles and papers that form

background reading, or further reading, and the items shown in a bibliography section do not need to be cited in the text.

As a student, you need to use a “Reference list”, not a “Bibliography” at the end of your work.

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References (Book)

Jagels, M. G. (2007). Hospitality management accounting (9th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Author(s)’

last name and

first initials

Publication

year Book title italicized

Edition number, any other than first

Place of publication (City, state abbreviation)

PublisherIndented

Usage of et al.: When there are three or more authors, but only when the citation is used for a second time (Sinatra et al., 2007). The first time must be in full (Sinatra, Garland, & Fitzgerald, 2007) With six or more authors the citation should be (Jagels et al., 2007) for in-text referencing only.

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References (Book)

Curran, J. M., & Meuter, M. L. (2005). Self-service technology adoption: Comparing three technologies. Services Marketing. (7th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Author(s)’ last name and first initials

Publication

year Article title

EditionIndentedPlace of publication (City, state abbreviation)

Publisher

In-text referencing:(Authors' last names, year of publication, p. x)

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References (Journals)

Curran, J. M., & Meuter, M. L. (2005). Self-service technology adoption: Comparing three technologies. Journal of Services Marketing. 19(2), 103-113. Retrieved from http://www.servicemarketing.com

Author(s)’ last name and first initials

Publication

year Article title

Volume number (issue number), page rangeJournal URL

Journal title, italicizedIndented

If the web URL is not available, use the database homepage (EBSCO, Proquest, Emeralds, etc)

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References (Website)

Kielnhofer, D. (2010). Marketing for a new business era. Retrieved from http://ehotelier.com/hospitality-news/item.php?id=19504_0_11_0_C

Author(s)’

last name and

first initials

Publication

year Webpage title italicized

URL of the webpage

If no author is available, use webpage title in italics followed by date

If no date is available, use n.d.

If neither author nor date available, use webpage title in italics followed by n.d.

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References(Newspaper)

Ko, B. (2012, May 5). Referencing in lrjj. Shanghai Daily. Retrieved from http://www.shanghaidaily.com/referencing in lrjj/

Author(s)’

last name and

first initials

Publication

Year and date

Title

URL of the publication page

Newspaper name

www.lrjj.cn B. KO – Spring 2012

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Quiz

Question 3: Which is the correct citation format for a direct quote?

A: (Marshall, 2010, p. 14) or (Jones, 2009, p. 6)B: (Marshall, 2010) or (Jones, 2009)

ANSWER: A /although direct quotes are not favored (max. one per page)

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Quiz

Question 2: When is et al used? (e.g., Sinatra et al., 2007)

A: When there are three or more authors, but only when the citation is used for a second time (Sinatra et al., 2007). The first time must be in full (Sinatra, Garland, & Fitzgerald, 2007)

B: When there are three or more authors.

ANSWER: A /But with six or more authors the citation should be (Sinatra et al., 2007).

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• Question 4: Why is one example unacceptable and the other acceptable?

• Unacceptable: Differentiation as an instructional approach promotes a balance between a student’s style and a student’s ability (Thompson, 2009, p. 2).

• Acceptable: “Differentiation as an instructional approach promotes a balance between a student’s style and a student’s ability” (Thompson, 2009, p. 2).

ANSWER: The first example is bad as there are no quotation marks to show that these words are actually the exact words the source uses. This would be considered a plagiarized sentence.