Www.IST-Africa.org IST-Africa Living Lab Workshop, 16 November ’12 Mauritius Copyright 2002 - 2012...

www.IST-Africa.org IST-Africa Living Lab Workshop, 16 November ’12 Mauritius Copyright 2002 - 2012 IST-Africa Initiative

IST-Africa InitiativeRegional Impact of Information Society Technologies in Africa

Sustainable Living Labs & Living Labs

Networks in Africa

Paul Cunningham, Miriam Cunningham,

IIMC / IST-Africa Initiative

IST-Africa Living Labs Workshop

Hosted by National Computer Board

Mauritius, 16 November 2012


Introduction to Living Labs

• Living Lab Concept emerged in 1990s• Focused on User-driven Innovation in real-life settings, to co-create new

services, products and societal infrastructures

Intersection of Living Labs with Technology Adoption Cycle

Source: Living Labs for User Driven Open Innovation, European Commission, January 2009


Key Components of Living Labs

• ICT & Infrastructure component - role that ICT technology can play to facilitate new ways of cooperating and co-creating new innovations among stakeholders

• Management - ownership, organization, and policy aspects of a Living Lab, by which a Living Lab can be managed by

• Living Lab Partners & Users - specific wealth of knowledge and expertise to the collective, helping to achieve boundary spanning knowledge transfer

•Research• Collective learning and reflection that take place in a Living Lab• Result in useful contributions to both theory and practice• Direct access to research and research results that can benefit the outcome of a technological innovation

• Approach - methods and techniques that emerge as best practice within the Living Labs environment

Source: Bergvall-Kåreborn, Eriksson, Ståhlbröst, & Svensson (2009)


Living Labs in an African context

• Based on an integrated Developed and Developing Country perspective, Herselman and Cunningham [2011] propose this definition:

• “Living Labs are environments, a methodology or an approach which caters for user-driven open innovation within real-life rural and urban settings/communities, where users can collaborate with multiple committed stakeholders (whether NGOs, SMMEs, industrial, academic/research, government institutions or donors) in one or more locations, to become co-creators or co-designers of innovative ideas, processes or products within multidisciplinary environments. Successful deployments can result in improved processes or service delivery, new business models, products or services, and can be replicated (with necessary socio-cultural adaption) to improve overall quality of life and wider socio-economic impact (including entrepreneurship) in participating and other communities”.

• Leveraging Living Labs methodologies and Living Labs Networks in Africa provide an important opportunity to collaborate, co-create, prototype and test new products and services, technologies, processes, business models or ideas customised for developing markets


Types of Living Labs

• Living Labs focused around social and technological innovation • Types of Living Lab should be based on environment, national priorities,

socio-economic drivers and innovation goals

• Rural Living Labs• Addressing rural communications challenges• Providing training and technology support in rural communities• Support innovation and entrepreneurship• Support specific sectoral and process challenges• Validating new business models, processes, services and products

• Peri-urban or Suburban Living Labs

• Urban Living Labs – Smart Cities


Key Innovation Elements of a Living Lab

• User driven• In real-life context• Multidisciplinary• Cover different domains/themes• Impact on community to improve• Involves different stakeholders• Is supported by a specific funder/stakeholder Helsinki LL• Unique set of values with different approaches


Living Labs – Innovation Components


© 2008 Nokia

Innovation “no man’s

land”

Research push Market pull

Phase 1 Solution proposal

Phase 2 Prototype

Phase 3 Pre-commercial product/service

Phase 4 Commercial

product/service

Phase 0 Research

A Missing Link in Innovation


Innovation Lifecycle


Assessing Next Opportunities (Scale with Big

Impact is the Key)

Excellent

BADor

So So

Excellent Vision +

Invention = 1. Technology2. Business Model3. User Experience

Innovation on

Living Labs Supporting Innovation

Sustainable “Innovation” for Rural or Urban Communities


Types of Innovation


StrategyStrategyStructureStructure

LeadershipLeadershipSystemsSystems

ProcessesProcessesValues and CultureValues and Culture

HR/RewardsHR/RewardsEnabling TechnologyEnabling TechnologyPhysical EnvironmentPhysical Environment

Talent CommunityTalent CommunityKnowledge Creation/LearningKnowledge Creation/Learning

Innovation StudiosInnovation Studios

innovation system components

Key Elements

Key Innovation Elements in Living Labs


Socio-Economic Context in Africa I

Diagram 7 – Evolution of Sub-Saharan Africa’s Trade by Trading Partner (1990 – 2008)

Diagram 1 – Evolution of Sub-Saharan Africa’s Trade by Trading Partner (1990 – 2008)

• ROXBURGH C., DOERR N., LEKE A., TAZI-RIFFI A., van WAMELEN A., LUND S., CHIRONGA M., ALATOVIK T., ATKINS C., TERFOUS N. & ZEINO-MAHMALAT T. 2010. Lions on the move: The progress and potential of African economies. McKinsey Global Institute


Socio-Economic Context in Africa II

Diagram 2 – Africa Transforms into 3rd Fastest Growing Region in the World (2000 – 2008)



Socio-Economic Context in Africa III

• United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA) and African Union Commission (AUC). Economic Report on Africa 2011: Governing development in Africa - the role of the state in economic transformation. March 2011. ISBN: 978-92-1-125116-6

Diagram 3 – Regional versus Average Pan-African Growth Performance (2008 – 2010)


Socio-Economic Context in Africa IV

Diagram 4 –Segmentation by Sector of African GDP Growth and % of Total Growth (2002 – 2007)



Socio-Economic Context in Africa V

Diagram 5 – Exports Per Capita versus Level of Economic Diversification Achieved (32 Countries)



Socio-Economic Context in Africa VI

Diagram 6 – Growth in Discretionary Income and Socio-economic Independence of African Households



Market Opportunity in Africa

• By 2040, Africa will have the world’s largest Economically Active Population (15 – 64), growing from c. 413 million in 2010 to over 1.1. billion• Africa will become the most important market in the world as proportion of

households with discretionary income continues to grow• By 2020, c.128 million African households (52%) will have discretionary income

• Literacy levels for African Youth (15 - 24 year olds) is high, Average (74.9% ) and Median (79.3%) [2006 – 2008 Statistics]

• Only 25% of growth in African GDP per capita was as a result of productivity gains• With skills transfer and investment in education and eSkills to leverage youth

literacy, Africa’s future workforce could become a significant engine of global production as well as consumption

• Targeting countries and RECs where ICT adoption and skills development are priorities will facilitate faster adoption of Living Labs and establishing Networks

• Member States should align Living Labs with national policies to invest in eSkills to actively target opportunities in Sectors including Services, ICT, Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) and Knowledge Economy

• Opportunity to target Foreign Direct Investment and to Co-Create new products, services and business models designed for African needs


Emergence of Living Labs

• Living Labs have evolved over the past seven years • Based on National and Regional Policies and Innovation Initiatives • Prioritised placing the user at the centre of the Innovation Lifecycle within real-

life settings• Living Labs launched as test beds/pilots to measure the impact and effectiveness of

research being undertaken in the areas of Collaborative Working Environments, Ambient Intelligence and eInclusion. • Broad thematic focus - WellBeing (eHealth, eInclusion, Ambient Assisted

Living), e-Services in Rural areas, e-Participation (providing active input to local and municipal decision making), ICT for Energy Efficiency and Community development.

• Provide a mechanism to bridge the gap between technological development and market implementation by linking end users, industry and SMEs, government and research/academia within local experimentation environments

• Different Approaches• Open ended engagement with one or more communities (physical or virtual)• Project oriented approach with a specific focus and target end date


Overview of African Living Labs

Source: Supporting the Evolution of Sustainable Living Labs and Living Labs Networks in Africa, IST-Africa & LLiSA, 2011

Status Southern Africa East Africa West Africa North Africa Operational South Africa - Siyakula Living

Lab, Reconstructed Living Lab, Limpopo Living Lab

East Africa Regional Mobile Application Laboratory Tanzania - Serengeti Pilot Kenya - @iLabAfrica Living Lab; iHub Nairobi; Nailab; Map Kibera;

Senegal - African Living Lab ISEG/UNIDAF

Project-based

South Africa - Sekhukhune Rural Living Lab (C@R)/RUSTICA project; Overture Living Lab; PatHS (Patient Health System) Living Lab Lesotho - Motataisi Living Lab

Uganda - EPICS (Engineering Projects in Community Service-Learning), Rural Connectivity VSAT Project

Ghana – African Cashew Initiative Living Lab

Emerging Southern African Regional Mobile Application Laboratory South Africa - North-West Living Lab; awareNet Living Lab Mozambique - Maputo Living Lab Mauritius - Community Empowerment Programme; Technopreneurship Programme Botswana –PING; Learning and Living Community Programme, University of Botswana; Local Enterprise Authority; CesrlKI

Burundi – Hope Africa University (Computer Research Living Lab, Medical Living Lab) Uganda – Community Wireless Resource Centre

Egypt - Egyptian-Dutch Agricultural Living Lab; Egyptian School Education Living Labs; Egyptian Retail Trade Development Tunisia - Start-Up Systeme

Proposed South Africa - Nongoma Mobile Rural Living Lab; Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University Living Lab

Burundi - Skills Development for Telecoms Engineers Living Lab; Telemedicine Living Lab; Agricultural Living Lab Tanzania – World Bank START Skills Living Lab Uganda - Sustainable Donation of Medical Devices to Developing Countries


African Living Labs Profiled

Diagram 13 – Living Labs in Southern Africa

Diagram 14 – Living Labs in East Africa

Source: Supporting the Evolution of Sustainable Living Labs and Living Labs Networks in Africa, IST-Africa & LLiSA, 2011


Living Lab Purpose Process (approach/model) Products/services Evaluation

Siyakhula LL Multi-dimensional ICT initiative

Quadruple helix model Research, development and

training

Towards continuous

evaluation and impact

assessment

Limpopo LL Innovative business and technology

solutions through multi-stakeholder

relationships

Model supporting MDGs and

WSIS

ICT, business and community-

based services/products

Future impact analyses

North-West LL Community-based research and

development from a wellness

perspective

Eclectic wellness approach to

conducting research

Research and interventions Client feedback and

internal evaluation

SAP Research LLs Project-based LL: Technologies for

emerging economies

User-centred model driven by

strategic research focus/ mission

Enterprise resource planning

research

Evaluation based on four

dimensions of LL

definition

RLabs Innovative solutions to community

problems on a global scale

Value-based model Social media, innovation-driven

products/services

Continuous evaluation

through online feedback

Overview of Focus of some South African Living Labs

Source: LLiSA Case Study Report: Living Labs in South Africa, Hendri Coetzee & Ina-Mari du Toit, July 2011


Siyakula Living Lab, South Africa

• Established in 2005 in the Eastern Cape• Integrated research, development and

training approach to address the communications and accessibility challenges experienced by remote rural communities (e.g. e-business and basic Internet connectivity, access via GSM & WiMAX, VSAT and Digital Access Nodes)

• Rolling out communication services and IT training at local schools, used as points-of-presence for the community’s IT needs

• Spinoff technology provider (Reed House Systems) established in 2010

• Aims to replicate implementation of the e-business/telecommunications platform (Teleweaver) tested in the Siyakula Living Lab in other marginalized communities

• Funded by Telkom Centres of Excellence in Universities of Fort Hares and Rhodes, COFISA and SAFIPA Programmes (MFA Finland & DST)

Distributed community telecommunication infrastructure

at schools

Stakeholders from

• Academia (i.e. Rhodes University and the University of Fort Hare’s Telkom Centres of Excellence)

• Industry (i.e. Telkom, Saab Grintek, Tellabs, Comverse and Easttel)

• Government (DTI THRIP Programme, DST and Finland Partnerships) and

• the Dwesa community


Reconstructed Living Lab, South Africa

• Established in 2007 in disadvantaged part of Cape Town• Focused on Social Innovation supported by Technology

• Community Transformation, Up-Skilling & Empowerment• Value-based Model to develop and train people in use of ICT and Social Media

to address social problems in communities• Activities include

• RLabs Academy – Web Literacy Training Programme• Active involvement of community in training users

• Innovation Incubator• RLabs Research Institute – access to grass roots communities to carry out

research and development for government, industry, academia, foundations• RLabs Products and Services – licensing social media consulting and online

services (JamiiX Platform)• Stakeholders

• Government - Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Finland and Department of Science and Technology, South Africa

• Industry – VodaCom• Research – Cape Pensinula University of Technology• Civil Society – Communities, Cell-Life (NGO)


Sekhukhune/Rustica Living Lab, South Africa

• Collaborative procurement service system for small scale retailers in rural communities (‘Spaza’ shops)

• Piloted as part of C@R FP6 project with rural community 2008 - 2009

• Rustica Living Lab – Add smart phone and use of mobile Internet to improve the collaborative procurement system

• Value-based Services - micro financing and cashless payments to facilitate and enhance the overall procurement process

Stakeholders

• Industry - SAP Research

• Research – SAP/Meraka Unit of Technology Development

• Communities – Retailers in rural communities in South Africa

• Funding support from Deutsche Investitions- und Entwicklungsgesellschaft mbH Healthcare and Trade in Rural Africa


Serengeti Pilot, Tanzania

• Established in 2005 as part of ICT for Rural Development project to build and sustain broadband communication in rural areas

• Funding from Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) • Implemented by the Tanzania Commission of Science and Technology (COSTECH); Dar es Salaam

Institute of Technology (DIT) and Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Sweden

• Focused on leveraging ICT through infrastructure sharing to build municipal broadband communication networks to improve public service delivery focusing on health, education and local government

• Initial Services – email and Voice over IP (VoIP) to enhance communication channels• Additional Services

• eGovernance (district website to inform public)

• eHealth (linking district hospitals to primary health centres for consultations via video-conferencing and VoIP)

• eLearning (learning resources for students and teachers)

• Applications developed or customised by students from research partners in collaboration with local community

• Created network connecting Serengeti and Bunda in Northern Tanzania• Used Public Private Partnership model – government

private sector and community• Trained local entrapeneurs to maintain Wi-Fi Network• Established ICT Board to take responsibility for Living Lab• Introduced ICT Services & encouraged organisations to identify the most relevant components


Living Labs in Southern Africa Network

• Living Labs in Southern Africa Network (LLiSA) emerged from 2006 until its formal launch in 2009 was funded by Department of Science and Technology (DST) and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Finland under the COFISA and SAFIPA Programmes, hosted by the Meraka Institute, CSIR

• Primarily focused on building capacity, facilitating collaboration, establishing and developing Living Lab activities and supporting existing and emerging Living Labs in Southern Africa• Opportunities for co-creation of innovation and collaboration to offer/develop

new ideas of innovation• Multistakeholder

• Government (Department of Science and Technology, Telkom Centers of Excellence, COFISA, SAFIPA, Limpopo Provincial government);

• Research (CSIR, Rhodes University, Fort Hare University, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Venda University, University of Free State, North West University, UKZN, NMMU);

• Industry (Nokia/Siemens, Intel, SAP, Motorola, First National Bank, Vodacom, SAINe, Telkom) and

• Civil Society

• Established a commonly owned vision for the goals and objectives of the Network through engagement and a co-creation process with all key stakeholders

• Provide support in relation to monitoring and evaluation• Successful model and experience which can be transferred to

other regions


Action Plan – Living Lab Themes for Mauritius I

• Potential Thematic areas where Living Labs concepts are relevant in Mauritius• x

• x


Action Plan for Mauritius

Action Plan• Create National Task Force to identify living lab opportunitiesTasks agreed

• Engage with Living Labs in Southern Africa (LLiSA)


Stakeholders – Motivation, Expectations, Contributions

Stakeholder Motivation Expectations Contributions

Government

Industry

Education

Community

Civil Society


5 Thinking HatsWhite Hat – Facts • What do I know? What do I need to find out? How will I get the

information I need?

Red Hat – Feelings• What do I feel about Living Labs?

Black Hat – Risks• What are the potential risks?

Yellow Hat – Benefits• What are the potential benefits of using Living Labs?

Green Hat Creativity• What are possible ideas for Living Labs?

Blue Hat – Big Picture – Next steps and actions to be take


5 Thinking Hats

Stakeholder Motivation Expectations Contributions

Government

Industry

Education

Community

Civil Society

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