NORDIC CENTRE FOR GENDER IN MILITARY OPERATIONS Ms Eva Zillen, Kvinna till Kvinna Maj Linda...

WWW.FORSVARSMAKTEN.SE/SWEDINTNORDIC CENTRE FOR GENDER IN MILITARY OPERATIONS www.mil.se/swedint

Ms Eva Zillen, Kvinna till Kvinna

Maj Linda Johansson, Swedish Armed Forces

Security Sector and Human Rights Defenders from a 1325 perspective

WWW.FORSVARSMAKTEN.SE/SWEDINTNORDIC CENTRE FOR GENDER IN MILITARY OPERATIONS www.mil.se/swedintNORDIC CENTRE FOR GENDER IN MILITARY OPERATIONS www.mil.se/swedint


GENDER COACH A concept providing gender coaches for senior

officialsEnhancing their knowledge in gender equality:

To influence structures and behaviorDeepen the understanding of gender equalityImplementing a gender perspectiveHandpicked the senior officialsHandpicked the gender coaches

It was a success!


[email protected]

Major Linda JohanssonHead of Section, Capability and Liaison

at Centre for Gender in Military Operations

2010-2011 Gender Advisor to COM RC N Afghanistan2008-2009 Gender Field Advisor to COM PRT MES Afghanistan

SWEDINT & NCGM

Security Sector and Human Rights Defenders from a 1325 perspective


Nordic Centre for Gender in Military Operations Concept

PartnersNORDEFCO

NATO

UN

OSCE

EU

AU

ProductsRecognized coursesSeminarsLessons learnedSMEsMETT

A hub of– Knowledge– Experience– Cooperation & Support– Information


NCGM trainingCourses (2 weeks) Seminars (2-3 days)

Gender Field Advisor• 28 participants • Pre-deployment for GFA, GENAD • Focus on the advisory role and gender

perspectives in operational planning processes.

Commanding Officers Seminar• 20 participants• Commanders, OF 4-6• Focus on COs’ role in integrating

gender perspectives into military operations

• Operational and tactical level.

Gender Training of Trainers• 25 participants• Trainers, OF1-OF4 or OR5-OR9• Focus on training troops, units and

officers in gender in military operations (methodology, TAA)

Key Leader Seminar• 15 participants• Flag Officers, Ambassadors, OF 6-9• How GPs contribute to achieving

political military, strategic and operational objectives.


Swedish Armed Forces

Service branchesSwedish ArmySwedish Air ForceSwedish Navy

The Swedish Armed Forces’ most important resource is its personnel. The Swedish Armed Forces’ payroll includes women, men, officers, civilians, contract soldiers and national service people. In total 25,000 persons serves currently in the Swedish Armed Forces.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_Army

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_Air_Force

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_Navy


International units/deploymentsCurrently, Sweden has deployed military forces in Afghanistan and in Mali. Military observers from Sweden have been sent to a large number of countries, including Georgia, North Korea, Lebanon, Israel and Sri Lanka and Sweden also participates with staff officers to missions in Sudan, Syria, Hungary, Uganda and Kosovo.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_(country)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observation


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanon

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lanka

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudan



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosovo



Women in the Swedish Armed Forces – a brief history

1980 The first women volunteers undergo basic training in the Swedish Air Force1983 Areas including the following become open to women:

– Artillery, Air Defence, Engineering, Signals and Army Service units– Coast Artillery sea front gunnery, radar and communications service units– Defence Medical Service (jointly with the Swedish Navy)– Naval command and control, communications and maintenance services

1989 Women have access to all branches of the armed services1994 Women are able to do national service without envisaging further training to officer level


The Swedish Government Plan of Action to carry out UNSCR 1325

"Women can both influence and be affected by armed conflicts".

"The implementation of Security Council Resolution 1325 is both a goal in itself and a way of reaching the objectives for security, development, defence

and gender equality policies."

"Swedish personnel who take part in peace support and humanitarian operations must have undergone training /…/ that covers Resolution 1325, conditions specific to the operation, the applicable legislation and ethical

issues."


Internal and external focus

Internal (personnel):- Gender equality - Preventing sexual

harrassment- Preventing discrimination- Promoting increasing

recruitment of women in the forces

External (operations):- Principles of Res 1325

integrated into planning, implementation and evaluation of operations

- Promoting participation of women in international operations

NORDIC CENTRE FOR GENDER IN MILITARY OPERATIONS


Operational and tactical implementation

• The EU project ”Genderforce” 2004-2007• National Actions Plans

– 2006 - 2009 – 2009 - 2014

Military Gender Advisors has served; • EUFOR DR Congo 2006• EUFOR Tchad/RCA 2008/2009• ISAF Afghanistan 2008 – 2014• EUTM Somalia 2013-2014• MINUSMA Mali 2014-2015

• Gender Advisor to Director of Operations at SWE AF HQ 2007 – 2015

• Nordic Centre for Gender in Military Operations established in 2012


To have a gender perspective is to be able to detect if, when and how, men and women are

being affected differently by a situation/operation due to their gender.

Correctly used, gender perspective will increase the operational effectiveness, in every

situation, both for men, women, boys and girls in the area of operations

GENDER PERSPECTIVE AS AN OPERATIONAL TOOL


OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS

LiaisonCommunicationCollecting Human IntelligenceSituation AwarenessInformation (perception)Allocation of Forces- Safe and Secure EnvironmentPrioritize reconstructionSecurity Force Assistance (mentoring)

Effect

NORDIC CENTRE FOR GENDER IN MILITARY OPERATIONS www.mil.se/swedint

http://www.counterthreatgroup.com/military-resettlement.htm


GENDER INCORPORATED MIL PLANNING

Phase 6Transition

Phase 1Situation

Awareness

Phase 2OP

Appreciation and

Assessment of Options

Phase 4aOP CONOPSDevelopment

Phase 4bOPLAN

Development

Phase 5Execution

Phase 3OP

Orientation

Gender

Operational Planning ProcessComprehensive Operations Planning Directive

NORDIC CENTRE FOR GENDER IN MILITARY OPERATIONS www.mil.se/swedint

The strategic level will ensure implementation in all planning, execution

and assessment.


3 KEY STRATEGIES TO IMPLEMENTATION

• Protection• Prevention• Participation

-Method: Gender Mainstreaming


PROTECTIONGuidance on Protection of Civilians with an integrated gender perspective is to be included in the OPP.

Do you have mandate to support your operation in order to protect vulnerable groups?

For example:o Own capability to protecto HN SF capability to protecto Suport to other actors

involvedin Protection activities

o Ensure a Monitoring andReporting system is in place


PREVENTIONUnderstanding the impact of armed conflict on the entire population in order to effectively institutionalise arrangements to guarantee protection, as a method to prevent.

The full participation in the peace process can significantly contribute to the maintenance and promotion of international peace and security.

For example:o With the use of correct information o KLE on all levelso Higher female participation and

representation, etc.


PARTICIPATION

Operations planning should include how the Force can support implementation of increasing the participation of women at all decision-making levels in conflict resolution and peace processes.

Implementation can be achieved through:

o Peace negotiationso Female Key Leaderso Electionso Genderbalanced Security Forceo Freedom of movement to all


Women as victims

http://www.rawa.org/temp/runews/plugins/mygallery/images/11/selfburn20.jpg


Men as actors


WOMEN AS ACTORS


MEN AS VICTIMS


• Role of Gender Advisor – supporting to the chain of command• Training continuously, not only pre-deployment• Gender = not women• Early in situation analysis and planning• Focus on practical initiatives and methods – Mixed Engagement Teams (MET)

SWEDISH ARMED FORCES INTERNATIONAL CENTRE – SWEDINT

SWE AF LESSONS LEARNED

NORDIC CENTRE FOR GENDER IN MILITARY OPERATIONS

www.mil.se/swedint


EXAMPLES FROM AFGHANISTAN


An organizational structure of gender monitoring and reporting is to be established, in order to mainstream gender perspective in RC N.

• RC N Gender Advisor (GENAD): supports the commander and RC Ns units in the implementation of:

– Security related gender perspective in the military tasks of RC N– Gender perspective according to ISAF mandate, SOPs, FRAGOs, Directives etc– UNSCR 1325(2000), UNSCR 1820(2008)– Female KLE

Engagement Teams (MET, FET, PET, CST, FTT)ET is one of several tools for the BSO, but Female Engagement is to be mainstreamed in all functions and units of RC N.

Activities characterized by:– Face-to-face engagements, female Shuras, CERP funding, engaging Provincial/District Councils– Support GIRoA efforts to increase females roles in ANA/ANP

RC N Gender Advisor


Key Leader Engagement

Identify – Involve - Protect– GO, NGO, IO, Security Sector


Where?

When ?

How?

Who?

ISAF INFORMATION


COMPOSITION OF UNITS

Can we address all situations?Do we have situational understanding?


Platoon

MET/ MIXED ENGAGEMENT TEAMS Example (company): • QL: Reinforced platoon - Designated group, provided with

reinforcements, constitute the capability• Focus on liason/cooperation and close protection

- 1 LNO (female)- 1 LNO (male)- 1 IP mil (female)- 1 soldier (female)- 2 soldiers (males)

Female soldier

Interpreter, CIMIC

Interpreter, OPS Off.Nurse


Women, Peace and SecurityWay Ahead:

• Improve the involvement of women at all levels in the peace process and ensure women’s participation in the struggle of bringing Peace and Develompent to Afghanistan.

• Gender Perspectives in Operations should be planned, executed and evaluated in line with the operational objectives.

“Looking the other way makes you a part of the problem. Protecting the people not only requires protecting them from physical harm but also corruption and abuse of power”

- COMISAF Directive 2009


• Gender perspectiv is essential for the operational effects• Education, training and understanding• Leadership


”Leadership is not just about influencing followers to accomplish a mission.

Effective leaders recognize that people are different. They also understand that one approach does not fit all, and that both diversity and gender integration within groups are strengths not weaknesses.”

GENDER AND LEADERSHIP


Major Linda JohanssonHead of Section, Capability and Liaison

at Nordic Centre for Gender in Military Operations

Questions?


Whose Security- Practical Examples of Gender Perspectives in Military Operations

• Contacted former course/seminar participants

• Phone interviews• Not all interviews was turned

into articles• Aimed for variation in mission

areas, gender, role and task etc.

• All articles reviewed by respondent


Gender perspective in Military Operations

Maj Linda Johansson, OiC Capability and Liaison section, NCGM


WWW.FORSVARSMAKTEN.SE


Considerations: - Mixed teams- Bring a local witness (elders, mullahs or other representatives)- Gather women and children- If you are a man, don’t be alone with local women - Avoid talking with young women

Body search of men, women and children: It’s obliged to provide female staff to search women, and also take cultural and religious customs under consideration. This means that female personnel search women and young children while male personnel searches men and older boys.

EXAMPLE - SEARCH OPERATIONS


How to make sure that information regarding the election is communicated with both men and women ?

Security and Elections


In what ways are women specifically affected by conflicts?

Before the conflict

During the conflict

After the conflict


In what way can local women be involved in the work to promote peace?

Before the conflict

During the conflict

After the conflict

"Early warnings" Identify and support women's formal and informal peace initiatives

Engage women's organisations in DDR-work

(Disarmament, Demobilization, Reintegration)


ROUND TABLE DISCUSSION

Former SRSG Sexual violence in conflict margot Wallström and Rear Admiral Odd Werin at Gender Key Leader Seminar 2012.


Strategies to overcome challenges to integrate gender perspective into military operations

• Can gender perspective be a force multiplier?• How can gender perspective increase security?• Is gender perspective a “Women’s issue”? • Is a male dominated organization a reason why it is not

possible to reach gender balance?• Are resources correctly allocated? (i.e: “the money goes

where the mouth tells you”)


SUMMARY OF DISCUSSIONS


Education and Training on Gender in Military Operations

Integrating gender perspectives in military exercises

Cooperation and information exchange with experts, key institutions and agents of change

Providing support to policy/processes development and enhancing capability of partners

END STATE

Military actors apply a gender perspective in every situation to increase operational

effect in providing security to all men, women, boys and

girls.

UNACCEPTABLE CONDITION

Gender perspectives neglected in military

operations resulting in insufficient security for

marginalised and vulnerable persons.

Global GP network

established

GP int. in all*

exercises

GP int. in all* E&T

GP int. in all policies and processes

* All means all NATO

NCGM OPERATIONAL DESIGN

NORDIC CENTRE FOR GENDER IN MILITARY OPERATIONS Ms Eva Zillen, Kvinna till Kvinna Maj Linda...

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