Www.ccohs.ca Management and Evaluation of Health and Safety in Workplaces.
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Transcript of Www.ccohs.ca Management and Evaluation of Health and Safety in Workplaces.
www.ccohs.ca
Management and Evaluation of Health and
Safety in Workplaces
Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety www.ccohs.ca
Overview
What are the characteristics of an effective health and safety system?
We are gradually answering this question by various types of research:• Studies of excellent enterprises• Studies of safety initiatives by governments• Intervention research in workplaces• Policy research
Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety www.ccohs.ca
Overview (continued)
The AnswerThe best safety results are obtained from programs that are:• Applied systematically and consistently• Planned and documented • Comprehensive – all required components.
– Enterprise level – inspection, evaluation, hazard control, prevention, training, etc
• Managed and resourced
Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety www.ccohs.ca
Overview (continued)
Components of effective health and safety programs are codified in:• International instruments• National legislation• Standards (national and international)• Codes of practice (national and international)
These components can also be used to develop audit tools to evaluate health and safety programs
Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety www.ccohs.ca
Objectives
Describe standards used in Canada and internationally for the management of health and safety in workplacesShow how these standards may be useful to help evaluate and document health and safety programs in the demonstration sites in ChongqingDiscuss the relationship of good health and safety to good management
Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety www.ccohs.ca
Health and Safety Programs
A program is a systematic approach to manage health and safety activities in a workplaceThe importance of a program:• Compliance – meet legal requirements• Demonstrate due diligence• Avoid accidents, losses and delays• Improve quality• Meet customer expectations• Support workplace health and wellness
Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety www.ccohs.ca
Health and Safety Programs
A health and safety program succeeds by being integrated into the overall management functions of the enterprise.
Good health and safety is good management.
Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety www.ccohs.ca
The Elements of Health and Safety Programs
Recommended components of health and safety programs are provided by international and national instruments:• ILO standards• ISO standards• National programs
Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety www.ccohs.ca
Health and Safety Management Standards
ILO-OHS 2001OHSAS 18001:1999 and 2007 (BSI) CSA Z1000 ANSI-AIHA Z10and others…
Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety www.ccohs.ca
Accreditation/Recognition Programs
Accreditation for Ontario WorkplacesA standard for health and safety programs in Ontario
Certificate of Recognition (COR)A standard used in several Canadian provinces
• Companies are audited to see if their programs meet the standards
• If meet standard, companies receive various incentives and rebates
Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety www.ccohs.ca
The Elements of a Good Health and Safety Program
Examine the specific OHS program elements in the context of standards such as the Canadian standard CSA Z1000…
Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety www.ccohs.ca
Employer Leadership and Commitment
Much research shows that employer leadership and commitment are necessary prerequisites for a successful plan.The employer must:•Demonstrate commitment to good
health and safety results•Show personal leadership• Invest adequate resources and time•Make health and safety part of
management goals•Plan for continual improvement
Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety www.ccohs.ca
Plan, Do, Check, Act Plan
Identify legislative requirementsIdentify applicable industry standards Identify health and safety priorities Identify deficiencies and opportunities for improvement in the OHSMSDevelop health and safety policies Establish objectives and targets that are appropriate to the organization
Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety www.ccohs.ca
Plan, Do Check, Act
Do
Implementation and documentationDevelop an implementation plan that includes:• Resources• Responsibilities• Targets and timeframes for completion• Measurement of progress
Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety www.ccohs.ca
Plan, Do, Check, Act Do
Include:Hazard identification and evaluationPrevention and protection prioritiesEmergency plansTrainingCommunicationProcurement ContractingDocumentation
Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety www.ccohs.ca
Plan, Do, Check, Act Check
Evaluate the effectiveness of the program:Are the goals and objectives of the program being achieved? Have control measures been implemented and been effective? Have losses and occurrences been addressed, including accidents, incidents, illnesses and near misses?
Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety www.ccohs.ca
Plan, Do, Check, Act
Check
Evaluate the effectiveness of the program
Are training programs for employees effective? Are communication programs effective? Is information for the continual improvement of the program being produced, reviewed and used?
Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety www.ccohs.ca
Plan, Do, Check, Act Act
Regular management review: Progress to achieve policy goals Effectiveness in preventing workplace injuries, illness and incidents Any deficiencies identified in inspections and audits Effectiveness and completion of action items from previous reviews
Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety www.ccohs.ca
OSH Program Elements
The following pages show the main elements found to be required in an effective health and safety program.
Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety www.ccohs.ca
OSH Program Elements
Policy Statement
Statement of management commitmentGeneral objectives and philosophyGeneral responsibilities
Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety www.ccohs.ca
OSH Program Elements
Individual Responsibilities
Assign responsibilities for OHS• Employer is accountable• Managers and supervisors must know
responsibilities • Workers have responsibilities
Document individual responsibilities
Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety www.ccohs.ca
OSH Program Elements
Health and Safety Committee
Establish committees in work areasEncourage worker participationIdentify objectives, responsibilities, proceduresTrain members of committee• For example, “Certified Members” in Ontario
Document recommendations and actions
Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety www.ccohs.ca
OSH Program Elements
Correct Work Procedures
Specific rules for each task and process in the workplaceBased on job safety analysis of each task and processIncorporate preventive measures specific to health and safety concernsMaintain a process to identify and assess hazards and risks on an ongoing basis, set objectives and targets
Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety www.ccohs.ca
OSH Program Elements
New Employee Orientation
A high priority for OHS regulators in Canada• Proven ability to reduce injuries in new
workersProgram should train new workers on health and safety rights and responsibilities, specific hazards, procedures, etc.
Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety www.ccohs.ca
OSH Program Elements
Training
Training required at the time of:• Commencement of employment • Reassignment or transfer to a new job • Introduction of new equipment, processes, or
procedures • Accident• Inadequate performance
Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety www.ccohs.ca
OSH Program Elements
Workplace Inspections
Identify existing or new hazards and recommend appropriate corrective actionLegislation may require• Certain frequency of inspections• Annual reports to labour agency
Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety www.ccohs.ca
OSH Program Elements Report and Investigate Accidents
Report serious accidents to authorities• May be official investigation and charges• Link to compensation to injured worker
Accidents are investigated to uncover causes and prevent similar incidents in future (reactive)Establish and maintain procedures for reporting and investigationReview effectiveness of the preventive and corrective actions and modify if necessary
Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety www.ccohs.ca
OSH Program Elements
Emergency Procedures
Develop plans to deal with emergencies such as fires, explosions, chemical releases, floods, and earthquakesDevelop procedures and responsibilities• Good communication is essential
Provide trainingPerform tests of proceduresDo detailed review after any incident
Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety www.ccohs.ca
OSH Program Elements
Medical Aid and First Aid Program
Medical and first aid facilities required in legislationTraining and qualifications of attendantsProcedures for transporting injured employees to outside medical facilitiesRecord keeping• Etc.
Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety www.ccohs.ca
OSH Program Elements
Workplace Specific Hazards
Identification and Assessment of Hazards Safety• Falls from heights• Slips and trips• Injuries from machinery, tools, lifts, cranes, etc• Motor vehicle injuries• Electricity• Etc
Chemicals – fire, explosion, toxicityErgonomics – musculoskeletal disordersPhysical agents – noise, vibration, electromagnetic radiation, heat, coldBiological agents
Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety www.ccohs.ca
OSH Program Elements
Workplace Specific Hazards
Prevention Programs Safety• Lock-out procedures• Confined space procedures• Excavation safety• Procedures for work at heights• Safe work with lifts and cranes• Vehicle safety• Preventive maintenance• Engineering and purchasing standards• Etc
Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety www.ccohs.ca
OSH Program Elements
Workplace Specific Hazards
Prevention Programs (Continued) Chemicals• Ventilation • Shields and enclosures• Personal protection equipment (PPE)• Purchasing procedures – substitution, modification• Fire prevention• Preventive maintenance• Procedures for spills and leaks
Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety www.ccohs.ca
OSH Program Elements
Workplace Specific Hazards
Prevention Programs (Continued) Ergonomics• Control pace of work• Reduce forceful motions• Material handling procedures• Training and adjustments
Physical agents• Shields and barriers• Work scheduling
Biological agents• Isolation procedures• Protective equipment
Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety www.ccohs.ca
Conclusion
Key elements of effective health and safety programs are found in international instrumentsManagement commitment is essential• Visible leadership and monitoring
Good management processes are also essentialFocus on practical resultsKnowledge is the most important resource
www.ccohs.ca
Thank you