WWJ7921333827000.pdf
9
ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻓﺎﺿﻼﺏ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ١ ﺳﺎﻝ١٣٩١ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﭘﻮﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﻳﻨﮕﺎ ﭘﺮﮔﺮﻳﻨﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﻓﺎﺿﻼﺏ ﺧﺎﻧﮕﻲ ﺣﺴﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻧﮋﺍﺩ۱ ﻭﺣﻴﺪ ﻳﺰﺩﺍﻧﻲ۲ ﻋﻠﻴﺮﺿﺎ ﺭﺣﻤﺎﻧﻲ۳ ﺳﻬﻴﻞ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮﺍﻧﻲ۴ ﺍﺣﺴﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﺎﺋﻲ۵ ) ﺩﺭ ﻳ ﺎﻓﺖ٩ / ١٢ / ٨٨ ﭘﺬ ﻳ ﺮﺵ٣ / ٩ / ٨٩ ( ﭼﻜ ﻴ ﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺧﺸﮏ ﻭ ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﺧﺸﮏ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺎ ﮐﻴﻔ ﻴﺖ ﺧﻮﺏ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ، ﻟﺬﺍ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑـﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﭘـﺴﺎﺏ ﻓﺎﺿﻼﺏ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﺑﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻓﺎﺿﻼﺏ ﺭﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﻳﮑﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺩﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﻣﻮﺭﻳﻨﮕﺎ ﭘﺮﮔﺮﻳﻨﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻟﻮ ﻡ ﻭ ﭘﻠﻲ ﺁﻟﻮﻣﻨﻴﻮﻡ ﮐﻠﺮﺍﻳﺪ) ﭘﮏ( ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻓﺎﺿﻼﺏ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻬﺮﻱ ﮐﻪ ﻓﺎﺿﻼﺑﻬﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻧﮕﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻫﻴﭻ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻱ ﻓﺎﺿﻼﺏ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺑﺎ ﻏﻠﻈﺘﻬﺎﻱ١٠ ﺗﺎ١٢٠ ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﮔﺮﻡ ﺩﺭ ﻟﻴ ﺘﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ١٠ ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﮔﺮﻣﻲ ﭘﻮﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﻧﻪ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﻳﻨﮕﺎ ﭘﺮﮔﺮﻳﻨﺎ، ﺁﻟﻮﻡ ﻭ ﭘﻠﻲ ﺁﻟﻮﻣﻴﻨﻴﻮﻡ ﮐﻠﺮﺍﻳﺪ) ٥ ﺗﺎ٣٠ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ٥ ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﮔﺮﻡ ﺩﺭ ﻟﻴﺘﺮ( ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﻭ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻫﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻧﻴﺘﺮﺍﺕ، ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺕ، ﻛﺪﻭﺭﺕTDS ، ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﻳﮑﻲ ﻭpH ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳ ﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﻴﮑﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺟﺎﺭﺗﺴﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻟﻮﻡ ﻭ ﭘﮏ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﻳﮑﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﻣﻼﺡ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻲ ﺩ ﺍﺷﺖ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩ ﮐ ﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﻳﻨﮕﺎ ﭘﺮﮔﺮﻳﻨﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ، ﺑ ﻪ ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﮐﻪ١٢٠ ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﮔﺮﻡ ﺩﺭ ﻟﻴﺘﺮ ﻣﻮﺭﻳﻨﮕﺎ ﭘﺮﮔﺮﻳﻨﺎ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ٨٠ ﺩﺭﺻﺪﻱ ﻓـﺴﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﺳـﺖ. ﻏﻠﻈﺖ١١٠ ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﮔﺮﻡ ﺩﺭ ﻟﻴﺘﺮ ﭘﺮﮔﺮﻳﻨﺎ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻧﻴﺘﺮﺍﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺍ ﺑﻮﺩ، ﺑ ﻪ ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻏﻠﻈ ﺖ، ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻧﻴﺘﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ٥٠ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ. ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻮﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﻳﻨﮕﺎ ﭘﺮﮔﺮﻳﻨﺎ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺗـﻪ ﻧـﺸﻴﻨﻲ ﻣـﻲ ﮔـﺮﺩﺩ ﺑ ﻪ ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﮐﻪ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺗﻪ ﻧﺸﻴﻨﻲ ﺍﺯ٣٠ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﺑﻪ١٠ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻲ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﮐﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺑﮕﻴﺮﻱ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻟﺠﻦ ﺣﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺗـﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ ﭘـﻮﺩﺭ ﭘﺮﮔﺮﻳ ﻨﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺠﻦ ﺣﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺁﻟﻮﻡ ﻭ ﭘﮏ ﺑﻮﺩ. ﻭﺍﮊﻩ ﻫﺎ ﻱ ﻛﻠ ﻴ ﺪ ﻱ: ﻣﻮﺭﻳﻨﮕﺎ ﭘﺮﮔﺮﻳﻨﺎ ، ﺁﻟﻮﻡ، ﭘﻠﻲ ﺁﻟﻮﻣﻨﻴﻮﻡ ﮐﻠﺮﺍﻳﺪ، ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﺁﺏ ، ﻓﺎﺿﻼﺏ ﺷﻬﺮﻱEvaluate Performance of Moringa Peregrina Powder Grains in Domestic Wastewater Treatment Hossein Banejad 1 Vahid Yazdani 2 Alireza Rahmani 3 Soheil Mohajerani 4 Ehsan Oliai 5 (Received Feb. 28, 2010 Accepted Nov. 24, 2010) Abstract Since the semi-arid and dry, access to good water quality is associated with restriction, so exploitation of sewage effluent for irrigation is very important. Nowadays, use of natural materials in water purification and sewage is increasing. One of these materials are seeds of Moringa Peregrina plant. In this research the performance of Alum and Poly Aluminum Chloride (PAC) were compared with Moringa Peregrina seeds powder in wastewater treatment. The samples of sewage were collected from fluvial that received domestic sewage and used without any pre-treatments. Sewage samples in separate stages were contacted with different concentrations of Moringa Peregrina seeds powder, Alum and Poly Aluminum Chlorides. In these experiments the concentration changes of nitrate, phosphate,turbidity, TDS, electrical conductivity and pH is studied. Results showed that the use of ۱ - ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻴﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺁﺏ، ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ، ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺑﻮﻋﻠﻲ ﺳﻴﻨﺎ ، ﻫﻤﺪﺍﻥ) ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻝ( ٨٣٨٠٦٦٢ ) ٠٨١١ ( [email protected] ٢ - ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠﻮﻱ ﺩﻛﺘﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﺑﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺯﻫﻜﺸﻲ، ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻓﺮﺩﻭﺳﻲ ﻣﺸﻬﺪ۳ - ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻴﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ، ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺖ، ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ ﻫﻤﺪﺍﻥ٤ - ﮐﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺱ ﺍﺭﺷﺪ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺑﻮﺷﻬﺮ٥ - ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠﻮﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺍﺭﺷﺪ ﺁﺑﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺯﻫﻜﺸﻲ، ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺑﻮﻋﻠﻲ ﺳﻴﻨﺎ ، ﻫﻤﺪﺍﻥ1. Assoc. Prof. of Water Eng., College of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan (Corresponding Author) (+98 0811) 8380662 [email protected] 2. Ph.D. Student of Irrigation and Drainage, Ferdowsi University, Mashhad 3. Assos. Prof. of Environmental Health Eng., Faculty of Public Helth, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan 4. M.Sc. of Natural Resources office, Bushehr 5. M.Sc. Student of Irrigation and Drainage, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan
-
Upload
fatamorggana -
Category
Documents
-
view
239 -
download
8
Transcript of WWJ7921333827000.pdf
-
(// // )
. .
. ( ) . .
. ( ) . Hp SDT
. .
.
. .
.
:
ni sniarG redwoP anirgereP agniroM fo ecnamrofreP etaulavE tnemtaerT retawetsaW citsemoD
3inamhaR azerilA 2inadzaY dihaV 1dajenaB niessoH
5iailO nashE 4inarejahoM liehoS
)0102 ,42 .voN detpeccA 0102 ,82 .beF devieceR( tcartsbA egawes fo noitatiolpxe os ,noitcirtser htiw detaicossa si ytilauq retaw doog ot ssecca ,yrd dna dira-imes eht ecniS si egawes dna noitacifirup retaw ni slairetam larutan fo esu ,syadawoN .tnatropmi yrev si noitagirri rof tneulffe fo ecnamrofrep eht hcraeser siht nI .tnalp anirgereP agniroM fo sdees era slairetam eseht fo enO .gnisaercni retawetsaw ni redwop sdees anirgereP agniroM htiw derapmoc erew )CAP( edirolhC munimulA yloP dna mulA tuohtiw desu dna egawes citsemod deviecer taht laivulf morf detcelloc erew egawes fo selpmas ehT .tnemtaert agniroM fo snoitartnecnoc tnereffid htiw detcatnoc erew segats etarapes ni selpmas egaweS .stnemtaert-erp yna fo segnahc noitartnecnoc eht stnemirepxe eseht nI .sedirolhC munimulA yloP dna mulA ,redwop sdees anirgereP fo esu eht taht dewohs stluseR .deiduts si Hp dna ytivitcudnoc lacirtcele ,SDT ,ytidibrut,etahpsohp ,etartin
- moc.oohay@dajenab_niessoH( )( )
- -
- -
aniS ilA-uB ,erutlucirgA fo egelloC ,.gnE retaW fo .forP .cossA .1 2660838 )1180 89+( )rohtuA gnidnopserroC( nademaH ,ytisrevinU moc.oohay@dajenab_niessoH
dahhsaM ,ytisrevinU iswodreF ,eganiarD dna noitagirrI fo tnedutS .D.hP .2 ,htleH cilbuP fo ytlucaF ,.gnE htlaeH latnemnorivnE fo .forP .sossA .3
nademaH ,secneicS lacideM fo ytisrevinU nademaH rhehsuB ,eciffo secruoseR larutaN fo .cS.M .4 ,ytisrevinU aniS ilA-uB ,eganiarD dna noitagirrI fo tnedutS .cS.M .5
nademaH
-
stluser eht oslA .stlas laudiser eht desaercni semitemos dna ytivitcudnoc lacirtcele eht desaercni CAP dna mulA taht os ,anirgereP agniroM ot detaler era etartin dna etahpsohp fo ycneiciffe lavomer tsehgih eht taht dewohs 05 ecuder ,anirgereP fo til/gm 011 dna etahpsohp fo tnecrep 08 ecuder ot elba anirgereP agniroM til/gm 021 eht decuder redwop sdees anirgereP agniroM fo esu eht taht detacidni stluser ehT .etartin fo tnecrep srehto eht naht retteb saw decudorp egduls fo gniretawed dna setunim 01 ot 03 morf emit noitatnemides .egaweS nabrU ,tnemtaerT retaW ,edirolhC munimulA yloP ,mulA ,anirgereP agniroM :sdrowyeK
-
.
.[] / Hp
. Hp
.
Hp .[]
.
.
.[]
.
. []
UTN UTN
. /
UTN
.
. UTN UTN Hp
. [ ] -
.[]
. .
SDT CE .
. []
. .
. aniregereP agniroM 1
/- - /-/ - Hp - L/gm
L/gm
lm001/NPM
lm001/NPM - - UTN
- - L/gm L/gm
-
.[]
. .
.[]
.
. [] Hp
. /
.[]
. []
. / / / UTN
/ /
[. ]
[. ] / UTN
- / . + / / UTN
. -/ -
. []
. /
drakloF 1 dnalrehtuS 2 .la te weiL 3 .la te eresegnegibadN 4 iloC aihsrehscsE 5
.[]
. .
.
-
- . .[ ]
.
. [] )
. () (
. /
. []
Hp .
.
. .
- (mc/homm) CE
SDT Hp (L/gm)
(UTN)
(L/gm)
(L/gm)
/
-
.
.
. .
.
.
.
[. ]
SDT
( SSPS )
. lecxE
[.]
- --
UTN .
. /
.
.
.
.
.
. /
. .
.
/ UTN . .
.
[.]
49
59
69
79
89
99
001
03 52 02 51 01 5 ) (
67
87
08
28
48
68
88
09
29
49
69
021 011 001 09 08 07 06 05 04 03 02 01 ) (
-
. .
hasaraN 1
-
. .
. .
.
. . []
.
. .
2939495969798999
001101
02 51 01 5 ) (
-
(SDT) (CE) --
.
.
. CE SDT
ibiyuM 1 ufukO 2
CE SDT
5.2131
5.3141
5.4151
5.5161
5.6171
03 52 0 2 5 1 01 5 ) (
EC
3-5.2-2-5.1-1-5.0-05.01
TD
S
SDT CE CE SDT
0
5
01
51
02
52
03 52 02 51 01 5 ) (
CE
01234567
DT S
SDT CE
CE SDT
81
91
02
12
22
32
02 51 01 5 ) (
CE
0
1
2
3
4
5
DT S
SDT CE
CE SDT
71
81
91
02
12
22
51 0 1 5 ) (
EC
0
2
4
6
8
01
TD
S
SDT CE CE SDT
02-
51-
01-
5-
0
5
01
021 011 001 09 08 07 06 05 04 03 02 01
) (
CE
4-
3-
2-
1-
0
1
2
DT S
SDT CE
SDT CE -
-
.
CE
SDT CE .
. CE /
Hp --
.
Hp Hp .
. Hp Hp
Hp
. .
Hp
Hp .
[. ] Hp
. . Hp
--
.
.
. .
[.]
.la te tawatpuhB ardnetiH 1
Hp
00.0
05.0
00.1
05.1
00.2
05.2
021 011 001 09 08 07 06 05 04 03 02 01 ) (
Hp
0010203040506
021 011 001 09 08 07 06 05 04 03 02 01 ) (
001020304050607
02 51 01 5 ) (
Hp -
. .
.[ ]
--
.
.
-
00102030405060708
03 52 02 51 01 5 ) (
0
02
04
06
08
001
021 011 001 09 08 07 06 05 04 03 02 01 ) (
05
0151025203
03 52 02 51 01 5 ) (
-
.
) ( )/ ( ) (
001
020304
0506
02 51 01 5 ) (
-
. ( )
.
.
.
.
.
. CE
. -
+ + / / / / / Hp
/ / / / / )L/gm( / / / / / )L/gm( )lm001/NPM(
)lm001/NPM( / / )UTN(
/ / / / / )L/gm( / / / / / )L/gm(
-
-
.
.
.
/
/ .
.
TDS EC .
.
. -
1- Working Group of the National Committee on Irrigation and Drainage. (1991). Treated wastewater use in
agriculture, Tehran. (In Persian)
2- Yazdani, V., Banejad, H., Gholizadeh, M., and Rahmani, A.R. (2009). A physical- chemical initiative in
water. 3th Regional Symposium on Research in Agriculture and Natural Resources, Kurdestan. (In Persian)
3- Kord Mostafapoor, F., Bazrafshan, E., and Kamani, H. (2003). Effectiveness of three coagulants of
polyalummium chloride, Aluminum sulfate and ferric chloride in turbidity removal from drinking water. J.
of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, 10 (2), 78-95. (In Persian)
4- Mohammad Beigi, Kh., and Vasheghani, E. (2005). Comparson of different biopolymers performance in
water Heatment. Iranian J. Polymer Science and Tech., 5, 285-290. (In Persian)
5- Mozaffarian, V. (2002). Culture of plants in Iran, Farhange Moaser Pub., Tehran. (In Persian)
6- Ndabigengesere, S.C., Katayon, S., Megat Mohd Noor, M.J., and Abdullah, A.G.L. (2006). The effectiveness
of moringa oleifera as primary coagulant in high-rate settling pilot scale water treatment plant. International J. of Engineering and Technology, 3 (2), 191-200.
7- Folkard, G.K., Sutherland, J.P., and Shaw, R. (1999). Water Clarification using Moringa oleifera seed
Moringa oleifera. Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehra Dun, India. 10 pp.
8- Krishna Prasad, R. (2008). Color removal from distillery spent wash through coagulation using Moringa
oleifera seeds: Use of optimum response surface methodology. J. of Hazardous Materials, 165 (1-3), 1-8.
9- Liew, A.G., Noor, M.M., Muyibi, S.A., Fugara, A.M.S., Muhammed, T.A., and Lyuke, S.E. (2006). Surface
water clarification using Moringa Oleifera seeds. International J. of Environmental Studies,63 (2), 211-219.
10- Bina, B. (2008). The use of Olifra plan for turbidity and E.Coli removal in turbid water. J. of Water and
Wastewater, 61, 11-17. (In Persian)
11-Yazdani, V. (2009). Evaluting of performance of powdered seeds of some species of Moringa tree (family
Moringaceae) in comparison with alum and poly aluminium chloride (PAC) in urban wastewater treatment.
M.Sc. Thesis of Irrigation and Drainage, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan. (In Persian)
12- Kawamura, S. (1991). Effectiveness of natural polyelectrolytes in water treatment. J. Am. Wat. Wks. Ass,
83, 88-91.
13- Glesceria, L.A.E., and Eaton, A.D. (1998). Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater,
14th Ed., APHA, WEF, USA.
-
14- Ndabigengesere, A., and Narasah, K.S. (1997). Quality of water treated by coagulation using Moringa Oleifera seeds. Wat.Res., 32(3), 781-791.
15- Muyibi, S.A., and Okufu, C.A., (1995). Coagulation of low turbidity surface water with Moringa Oleifera
seeds. International J. of Environmental Studies, 48, 263-273.
16- Hitendra, B., Folkard, G.K., and Chaudhari, S. (2006). Innovative Physico-chemical treatment of
wastewater incorporating Moringa Oleifra seed coagulant. J. of Hazardous Materials, 142, 477-482.
