WWII. Overview Rise of dictators in Europe (Hitler, Mussolini, Stalin) U.S. involvement in war War...
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WWII
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Overview Rise of dictators in Europe (Hitler, Mussolini,
Stalin) U.S. involvement in war War in Europe and War in Pacific Effects of war on United States (home front) Atom Bomb Holocaust Effects of the War
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Rise of Dictators in EuropeJoseph StalinBenito MussoliniAdolf Hitler
1. Background2. Describe how they rose to power3. What were their goals for their country?4. How did this leader interact with other countries? What
aggressive acts did they take towards other surrounding countries and peoples?
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Hitler Aspired to be an artist Escaped Austria to avoid military service
– captured, failed physical Enlisted in Germany army Temporarily blinded during WWI
Military doctor labeled him as “dangerously psychotic” and “incompetent to command people”
1923 - Mein Kampf - outlined his plans for Germany, blamed Jews for WWI loss, wrote about extermination
1933 - Appointed Chancellor – elected by people!!!! 1934 – Declared himself Der Fuhrer (the leader).
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Mussolini 8 yrs. old - banned from church for
pinching and throwing stones at people
11 yrs. old - expelled from school for stabbing a fellow student in the hand
1902 - emigrated to Switzerland to escape military service and become involved in the socialist movement
“Country is nothing without expansion” Started fascism Appointed prime minister by king Established dictatorship – rule by one
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Stalin Name means “man of steel” Wanted to establish Soviet Union as a
leader in industry Totalitarian – maintain complete control
over citizens Estimated he was responsible for deaths of
8 to 13 million of his own people
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Japan Many Japanese blamed democratic
government for depression – allowed military to gain too much power
Population Explosion – 65 million people Need raw materials and land to manage
growing population Military seized power
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Japan Many Japanese blamed democratic
government for depression – allowed military to gain too much power
Population Explosion – 65 million people Need raw materials and land to manage
growing population Military seized power
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Germany’s Aggression 1935 – Invaded Saar 1936 – Invaded Rhineland 1938 – Invaded Austria 1938 – Invaded Sudetenland (Western Czech) 1939 – Czechoslovakia 1939 – Invaded Poland 1940 – Invaded Denmark, Norway 1940 - Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg 1940 – France
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/launch_ani_wwtwo_movies.shtml
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Italy’s Aggression Ethiopia – invaded only independent
country left in Africa
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Japanese Aggression 1932-Seized all of Manchuria (Manchurian
Incident) 1932-Naval officers killed Prime Minister of Japan 1937-Invaded China 1940-Announced plan of liberating Asia from
European colonizers 1940-Germany, Italy, and Japan become allies 1940-Seize French Indochina
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Pearl Harbor - WHY? Japan needed oil for war America had cut off oil because they were being too
aggressive. 80+% of Japan's imports came from the U.S. Japan wanted to take over Malaya and Singapore in
Asia to get oil – knew America would come to aid of Britain in defense of their colonies in this region
Their goal was to take out U.S. naval fleet so that they could not be a factor.
http://users.swing.be/navbat/cartes/11.html
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Pearl HarborDecember 7, 1941 – “a date that will live in infamy” 7-9:45 a.m. – Japan attacked Pearl Harbor 2,400 Americans killed 1,200 Americans wounded 19 warships sunk or severely damaged 200 planes destroyed
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Reaction to Pearl Harbor Attack
How did Americans respond to an attack on our soil?
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December 8, 1941 – U.S. declares war on Japan
December 11, 1941 – Germany and Italy declare war on U.S.
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Mobilizing for WarSelective Training and Service Act – 21 to 35
yr. old males must register
GIs – Government Issue (name for over 16 million Americans who served during WWII)
Rationing – meant to fairly distribute scarce
items
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How did WWII affect this group living in the United States? P. 361
1. Women
2. African Americans
3. Mexican American
4. Media
5. Japanese Americans
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Japanese Internment
• “war requires every possible protection against espionage and against sabotage to national-defense”
December 11, 1941 - FBI detained 1370 Japanese Americans classified as "dangerous enemy aliens."
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War in Europe – have book open to page 374
1940 – 1943 ->North Africa -> Allies defeat Italy and Germany to gain control of countries in North Africa
1941 - 1942 ->Germany invades Russia to gain “own” supplies of oil and food. Russia withstood invasion and successfully fought Germans back to Berlin.
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• 1943 - 1945 -> Italy – Allies force Italy and Germany to surrender in Italy. Mussolini was killed by Italians as he tried to flee.
• June 6, 1944 – D-Day – Allied troops land in France
http://www.discoverychannel.co.uk/ww2_home/d_day/d_day.shtml
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Saving Private Ryan
• The Department of Veterans Affairs set up a special 800 number to help the hundreds of former soldiers who were traumatized after seeing the film.
• The two "German" soldiers who are shot trying to surrender were speaking Czech. They were saying, "Please don't shoot me, I am not German, I am Czech, I didn't kill anyone, I am Czech!" They were members of what the Germans called Ost [East] Battalions, men - mostly Czech and Polish - taken prisoner in eastern European countries invaded by Germany and forced into the German.
• Real amputees were used for the shots of people with limbs missing
• 40 barrels of fake blood were utilized in the opening battle scene
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End of War in Europe April 30, 1945 – Hitler commits suicide May 8, 1945 – Germany surrenders
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Warm-up – August 311. February 1944: U.S. takes these
islands after heavy fighting.2. June 1944: The Japanese loses almost
all of their warplanes in this sea battle.3. October 1944: The Japanese suffer
their first major defeat.4. Feb-March 1945: Americans suffer
heavy casualties but their victory of this location allows them to bomb Japan more aggressively.
5. April-June 1945: U.S. suffers thousands of casualties but manages to take this strategic island south of Japan.
(a)Okinawa
(b)Iwo Jima
(c)Marshall Islands
(d)Leyte Gulf
(e)Philippine Sea
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War in Pacific
Japanese goal Eliminate Americans forces from region leaving them the natural
resources of Southeast Asia
December, 1941 - Philippines Hours after Pearl Harbor attack, Japan attacked air base in
Philippines – Clark Field April 1942 – Japan overrun Americans in Philippines
Bataan Death March – American surrendered and are forced to march 60 miles to trains.
10,000 died during march 15,000 died in camps after march
(Beheading, throat-cutting, and shooting were common causes of death, in addition to death by bayonet, rape, disembowelment, rifle-butt beating, and deliberate starvation or dehydration)
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May, 1942 - Battle for Australia and Battle of Coral Sea
• Americans prevented Japan from invading Australia
June, 1942 - Battle for Midway Island • American victory – cracked Japanese code• Sank four carriers and destroyed 250 planes
October, 1944 to June, 1945 - Battle for Philippines • October 1944 – 160,000 American troops land • Kamikazes – suicide planes• June 1945 – Allies control Philippines
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February, 1945 - Battle of Iwo Jima Americans force invade beach of volcanic island 25,000 Americans killed Serviceman raising flag – lasting image of sacrifices of
soldiers
April to June, 1945 - Battle for Okinawa Last stance before Japanese mainland Bonzai Attacks – kill and be killed 50,000 Americans killed
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What next? Invade Japan Use new weapon
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Atomic Bomb feared that Hitler was very close to
developing his own bomb Albert Einstein – convoyed fears Manhattan Project - one of the largest and
most costly research and development programs of all time
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Truman – made decision to drop the bombs
WHY?
to bring about a quick resolution of the war by inflicting destruction and
instilling fear
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Hiroshima = “Little Boy”
Estimated 140,000 deaths
Nagasaki = “Fat Man”
Estimated 80,000 deaths
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Hiroshima
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“”If Germany had used the bombs on us, can anyone doubt that we would then have defined the dropping of atomic bombs on cities as a war crime, and that we would have sentenced the Germans who were guilty of this crime to death at Nuremberg and hanged them?”
Leo Szilard- played a major role in the Manhattan Project
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Holocaust• Systematic murder of 11 million people –
JewsGypsiesJehovah’s Witnesses
• Anti-Semitism – hatred of Jews• Hitler proposes the Final Solution – plans for the
systematic killing of Jews– SS (Security Squadrons) – rounded up Jews and shot them– Ghettos – Jews were rounded up and sealed off in ghettos– Concentration Camps – work camps, gas chambers,
experiments, crematoriums
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1)What is anti-Semitism?
2)Life Before Holocaust in Nazi controlled areas
3)Ghettos and Einsatzgruppen
4)Concentration Camps
5)Rescue and Liberation