WWII

Causes of WWIICauses of WWII• 1) 1) GGreat Depressionreat Depression: Worldwide economic crisis : Worldwide economic crisis

puts too much stress on many countriesputs too much stress on many countries• 2) 2) FFascismascism: rise of aggressive dictators in : rise of aggressive dictators in

Europe and JapanEurope and Japan• 3) 3) LLeague of Nationseague of Nations: League was too weak to : League was too weak to

stop Japanese, Italian, & German aggressionstop Japanese, Italian, & German aggression• 4) 4) AAppeasement: ppeasement: encouraged Hitler, allowed encouraged Hitler, allowed

German Army to become strongGerman Army to become strong• 5) 5) TTreaty of Versailles: reaty of Versailles: Ruined German economy, Ruined German economy,

led to aggression by Germany, Japan, Italyled to aggression by Germany, Japan, Italy

The World in the 1930’s• The Soviet UnionThe Soviet Union• Ruled by Ruled by dictatordictator Joseph Joseph

StalinStalin• TotalitarianTotalitarian government: government:

the government and every the government and every aspect of the peoples’ lives aspect of the peoples’ lives is controlled by one partyis controlled by one party

• 5 year plans forced USSR 5 year plans forced USSR to modernizeto modernize

• Execution & torture of Execution & torture of political enemiespolitical enemies

Itaaly

• Fascist Fascist dictator dictator Benito Mussolini in Benito Mussolini in powerpower

• Fascism = Fascism = militarism, extreme militarism, extreme nationalism (my nationalism (my country is always country is always right) and total right) and total loyalty to the loyalty to the leader “Il Duce”leader “Il Duce”

• Invaded and took Invaded and took over Ethiopia; 1935over Ethiopia; 1935

GermanyGermany

• Germany kept taking more Germany kept taking more and more land from its and more land from its neighbors while the League neighbors while the League of Nations did nothing. of Nations did nothing. Rhineland, Sudetenland, Rhineland, Sudetenland, AustriaAustria

• Adolph Hitler & Adolph Hitler & Nazi Party came Nazi Party came to power by to power by blaming Jews blaming Jews for Treaty of for Treaty of Versailles along Versailles along with most of with most of Germany's Germany's problemsproblems

• Fascist Fascist GovernmentGovernment

• German German invasion of invasion of Poland caused Poland caused WWII in EuropeWWII in Europe

JapanDepression hurt Depression hurt Japanese Japanese economyeconomyMilitary took overMilitary took overEmperor Hirohito Emperor Hirohito Superior Superior Japanese would Japanese would conquer all of conquer all of AsiaAsiaInvaded Invaded Manchuria, Manchuria, China; 1931China; 1931

USA President: FDR Foreign policy of

isolationism (WWI) Focused on Western

Hemisphere Good Neighbor policy in

Latin America"In the field of world

policy I would dedicate this nation to the policy of the good neighbor--

the neighbor who resolutely respects

himself and, because he does so, respects the rights of others."

USAGood Neighbor policy in Latin

America: No more military interventions in L.A. Marines out of Haiti & Nicaragua Platt Amendment (Cuba) annulled…

kept base at Guantanamo

WWII BeginsWWII Begins• 1937; Asia:1937; Asia:• Japan begins Japan begins

total war with total war with ChinaChina

• The Rape of The Rape of Nanking: Nanking: 300,000 300,000 civilians & civilians & POW’s killed in POW’s killed in 6 weeks6 weeks

Appeasement at MunichAppeasement at Munich• Hitler kept Hitler kept taking more taking more and more landand more land

• UK & France UK & France thought he thought he would stopwould stop

• Agreed to give Agreed to give CzechoslovakCzechoslovakia to Germanyia to Germany

Peace in our time.

Sucker!

War in EuropeWar in Europe• Summer, 1939: Nazi-Soviet Non-Summer, 1939: Nazi-Soviet Non-

aggression Pactaggression Pact• September, 1939: September, 1939: -Blitzkrieg--Blitzkrieg- Germany Germany

Invades Poland.– England & France Invades Poland.– England & France declare war on Germany & its allies; declare war on Germany & its allies; Italy & Japan.Italy & Japan.

• 1940 Germany Invades France 1940 Germany Invades France successfully using Manstein Plan (like successfully using Manstein Plan (like Schleiffen Plan)Schleiffen Plan)

Nazi-Soviet Nazi-Soviet Non-Non-Aggression Aggression PactPact

German Invasion of PolandGerman Invasion of Poland

Germany Conquers France Germany Conquers France using Manstein Planusing Manstein Plan

Axis vs. AlliesAxis vs. Allies

AxisAxis

GermanyGermany

ItalyItaly

JapanJapan

AlliesAllies

EnglandEngland

FranceFrance

USSRUSSR

USAUSA

US Moves Toward WarUS Moves Toward War

• 1) 1) Cash & CarryCash & Carry, Old Destroyers to UK., Old Destroyers to UK.• 2) More $ for the military, 12) More $ for the military, 1stst peace-time peace-time

draft declareddraft declared• 3) June 1941: Hitler launches surprise 3) June 1941: Hitler launches surprise

attack on Soviet Union breaking non-attack on Soviet Union breaking non-aggression pactaggression pact

• 4) 4) Lend-Lease ActLend-Lease Act: March 1941, allowed : March 1941, allowed US to sell or lease military supplies to the US to sell or lease military supplies to the Allies including U.S.S.R.Allies including U.S.S.R.

– Is this isolationism?Is this isolationism?

On December 7On December 7thth 1941 the Japanese Navy 1941 the Japanese Navy attacked the US Naval Base at Pearl Harbor, attacked the US Naval Base at Pearl Harbor,

Hawai’iHawai’i

The U.S.S. Arizona continues to The U.S.S. Arizona continues to leak oil in this 2004 photographleak oil in this 2004 photograph

WHY did the Japanese attack the United States?

Because…Because…

1) The U.S, was conducting an 1) The U.S, was conducting an embargoembargo which kept the Japanese from acquiring which kept the Japanese from acquiring the raw materials and petroleum they the raw materials and petroleum they needed to keep their war machine goingneeded to keep their war machine going

2) The Japanese knew that war with the 2) The Japanese knew that war with the U.S. was inevitable, so they hoped to U.S. was inevitable, so they hoped to destroy our navy before the war started.destroy our navy before the war started.

Reactions to the attackReactions to the attack

• US US citizens citizens want want revengerevenge

Reactions to the attackReactions to the attack

• Congress Congress declares declares war on war on JapanJapan

• Germany Germany and Italy and Italy declare declare war on USwar on US

Major Battles & Turning Points • Siege of

Stalingrad: Nazis running out of oil. Need to get oil in Caspian Sea. Can’t conquer Stalingrad. 900 day siege, Nazis fail. 1 million Soviets die.

Stalingrad

StalingradStalingrad• Important Important

because the because the Soviets did not Soviets did not allow the Nazis allow the Nazis to get the oil that to get the oil that their war their war machine machine needed.needed.

• Tide of war Tide of war began turning in began turning in favor of the favor of the AlliesAllies

The Japanese in the PacificThe Japanese in the Pacific• By 1942 the By 1942 the

Japanese Japanese controlled controlled much of the much of the PacificPacific

• US Navy US Navy (aircraft (aircraft carriers) carriers) started to started to turn the tide turn the tide at the at the Battle Battle of Wake of Wake IslandIsland

Battle of El AlameinBattle of El Alamein• British British

defeat defeat Germans in Germans in AfricaAfrica

• Beat Beat German German General General Erwin Erwin RommelRommel

• Saved Saved supply routesupply route

• Cut Nazis off Cut Nazis off from oilfrom oil

Allied Supplies

Invasion of Italy, 1943Invasion of Italy, 1943

• Combined Combined British & British & American American invasion of invasion of Italy didn’t Italy didn’t go very go very well, but it well, but it stretched stretched the German the German army very army very thinthin

Invasion of Normandy (D-Day), 1944• Allies invade

France to free it from German control

• Created 2 Front war for Germany

• Germany will soon be overpowered by Allies

Allies Win, FDR DiesAllies Win, FDR Dies

• 1944: British, 1944: British, Americans, Soviets all Americans, Soviets all close in on Berlinclose in on Berlin

• Hitler commits suicide Hitler commits suicide in bunker, Germans in bunker, Germans surrender.surrender.

• FDR wins re-election in FDR wins re-election in 1944, dies in 1945. 1944, dies in 1945. Harry S Truman Harry S Truman becomes President becomes President

War in the PacificWar in the Pacific

• A. US Goals:A. US Goals:– i. Regain i. Regain

the the PhilippinesPhilippines

– ii. Invade ii. Invade the the Japanese Japanese IslandsIslands

War in the Pacific…War in the Pacific…• B. Island Hopping: invade Japan by capturing B. Island Hopping: invade Japan by capturing

islands in the Pacific along the wayislands in the Pacific along the way

Island HoppingIsland Hopping

• i. Navajo i. Navajo code-talkers code-talkers help US help US forces forces communicate communicate without without Japanese Japanese interceptioninterception

Island HoppingIsland Hopping

• ii. Gen. ii. Gen. MacArthur MacArthur leads US leads US forces to forces to victory in victory in Philippines, Philippines, Iwo Jima, & Iwo Jima, & Okinawa Okinawa

II. Surrender of JapanII. Surrender of Japan

• Potsdam Declaration: Allies demand Potsdam Declaration: Allies demand unconditional surrender or Japan will unconditional surrender or Japan will face, “prompt and utter destruction.”face, “prompt and utter destruction.”

• Enola GayEnola Gay drops 1 drops 1stst atomic bomb on atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan; 70,000 people Hiroshima, Japan; 70,000 people killed instantly. 3 days later another killed instantly. 3 days later another a-bomb dropped on Nagasaki. 40,000 a-bomb dropped on Nagasaki. 40,000 people killed instantly. Many more people killed instantly. Many more people die later from radiation people die later from radiation poisoning.poisoning.

The Atomic Bomb

The The HolocaustHolocaust

• 6 million Jews, 6 million Jews, 5 million 5 million Gypsies, Gypsies, communists, communists, homosexuals, homosexuals, mentally & mentally & physically physically disabled, disabled, POW’s, etc.POW’s, etc.

• Over 11 million Over 11 million people people systematically systematically murdered by murdered by the Nazi regime the Nazi regime of Germanyof Germany

The Nuremberg TrialsThe Nuremberg Trials• War crimes trialsWar crimes trials• 1945-1946: The 1945-1946: The

Allies put Nazi Allies put Nazi leaders on trial leaders on trial for the atrocities for the atrocities of the Holocaustof the Holocaust

• ““I was just I was just following orders” following orders” not an excusenot an excuse

• 12 Nazi leaders 12 Nazi leaders hanged for their hanged for their crimescrimes