WWII Causes

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World War II

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Adapted from another slideshare submission, and I do apologize that I can't remember who to credit.

Transcript of WWII Causes

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World War II

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Quick Facts

A. War Costs1. US Debt 1940 - $9 billion

US Debt 1945 - $98 billion

The war cost $330 billion -- The war cost $330 billion -- 10 10 timestimes the cost of WWI & as much the cost of WWI & as much as as allall previous federal spending previous federal spending

since 1776since 1776

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Quick Facts

B. Human Costs50 million people died (compared to 15 million in WWI)

21.3 million Russians (7.7 million civilians)11 million died as a result of the HOLOCAUST(6 million Jews + 5 million others)

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When?

1939

Sept.1 - Germany invades Poland (official

start to the war)

Sept. 3 -Britain &

France declare war on

Germany

Dec. 7 – Japan bombs Pearl

Harbor; US enters the

War

1941

May - Germans Surrender

Sept. - Atomic

Bombing of Hiroshima

& Nagasaki, Japanese Surrender

1945

1939-1945US involvement 1941-1945

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Who?

Allies Axis

Great Britain

France(note: France surrendered to Germany in 1940 (after 6

weeks of fighting)

United States

Russia

Germany

Italy

Japan

(major powers) (major powers)

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Adolf HitlerNazi Germany

Benito MussoliniBenito MussoliniItalyItaly

Major Leaders

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Major Leaders

Hideki TojoJapanese Prime Minister

Winston ChurchillWinston ChurchillBritish Prime MinisterBritish Prime Minister

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Major Leaders

Franklin Delano RooseveltFranklin Delano RooseveltUS PresidentUS President

Joseph StalinRussian Leader

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Why? (underlying causes of WWII)1. Treaty of Versailles

A. Germany lost land to surrounding nations

B. War Reparations

1) Allies collect $ to pay 1) Allies collect $ to pay back war debts to U.S.back war debts to U.S.

2) Germany must pay $57 2) Germany must pay $57 trillion (modern equivalent)trillion (modern equivalent)

3) Bankrupted the German 3) Bankrupted the German economy & embarrassed economy & embarrassed GermansGermans

Lloyd George, Georges Clemenceau, and Woodrow Wilsonduring negotiations for the Treaty

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Why? (underlying causes of WWII)2. World-wide Depression

A. The Depression made Germany’s debt even worse

B. Desperate people turn to desperate leaders

1) Hitler seemed to provide solutions to Germany’s problems

1923 - Wallpapering with German Deutchmarks

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Why? (underlying causes of WWII)2. World-wide Depression

Hitler provided scapegoats for Germany’s problems (foreigners, Jews, communists, Roma (Gypsies), mentally ill, homosexuals)

Kristallnacht - vandalism & destruction of Jewish property & synagogues

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Why?• 3. Rise of Totalitarian Regimes

A. In aA. In a TotalitarianTotalitarian country, individual rights are country, individual rights are not viewed as important as the needs of the not viewed as important as the needs of the nationnation

TotalitarianismTotalitarianism

Communist Dictatorship (USSR)

Fascist Dictatorship (Germany, Italy)

Military Dictatorship (Japan)

FascismFascism: military : military government based on government based on racism & nationalism racism & nationalism with strong support with strong support from the business from the business

communitycommunity

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Why?• 4. Isolationism of Major Powers

A. Why was the U.S. Isolationist? 1. Great Depression (problems at home) 2. Perceptions of WWI

a. WWI did not seem to solve muchb. People began to think that we’d got into WWI for the wrong reasons

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Why?• 4. Isolationism of Major Powers

3. Opposition to war (Pacifism)

a. Washington Conference - Limits on size of country's navies b. Kellogg-Briand pact - condemned war as a way to solving conflicts

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Why?• 4. Isolationism of Major Powers

B. This led to policies of “Appeasement”

1. Appeasement: give dictators what they want and hope that they won’t want anything else

2. Begins with Japanese invasion of Manchuria, Italian invasion of Ethiopia, and continues with Hitler . . .

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So What Was Hitler Asking For?So What Was Hitler Asking For?• Return of German Speaking Lands - “Lebensraum”

Austria - Peacefully Annexed in 1938

German Troops Parade in Streets of Czechoslovakian Town, ca. 1939

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So What Was Hitler Asking For?• Return of German Speaking Lands - “Lebensraum”

Sudentenland - (now part of Czech Republic) Munich Conference - Great Britain & France give to Hitler in return for peaceHitler then invades the rest of Czechoslovakia

German Troops Parade in Streets of Czechoslovakian Town, ca. 1939

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So What Was Hitler Asking For?• Return of German Speaking Lands

Nonaggression Pact Russia stays out of the war in return for 1/2 of PolandHitler invaded Poland instead

Hitler's triumphal entry into Danzig, Poland 1939

Great Britain & France finally declare war on Germany

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How Did Hitler Make War?• Blitzkrieg “Lightning War” In the next year,

Hitler invades: DenmarkNorway The Netherlands, France

Hitler in Paris

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US Assistance• Roosevelt provided aid to the Allies:

Lend-Lease - 1939US “lent” war materials to cash-strapped Great Britain

London Firefighter Tackles an Air Raid Blaze

Atlantic CharterUS secretly meets with England to commit to defeating Germany

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Meanwhile … in the Pacific• Pearl Harbor: “a date which will live in infamy”

USS Arizona Sinking in Pearl Harbor

What?Surprise attack by the Japanese on American forces in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii

Effect?US declares war on Japan & other Axis powers

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