The War for Europe and North Africa

The War for Europe and North Africa

Chapter 17, Section 2Chapter 17, Section 2

The United States and Britain

The United States and Britain

After Pearl Harbor - the United States and Britain meet

Churchill made the journey to meet with Roosevelt

Churchill urges Roosevelt to start in EuropeHitler was a bigger threat

After Pearl Harbor - the United States and Britain meet

Churchill made the journey to meet with Roosevelt

Churchill urges Roosevelt to start in EuropeHitler was a bigger threat

The Battle of the AtlanticThe Battle of the AtlanticHitler began submarine attacks on the East

Coast Goal: Limit supplies reaching Europe

Germany appeared to be succeeding7 months into 1942 - 681 Allied ships had been

destroyedThe US began sending convoys

Groups of shipsAirplanes accompanied ships to detect U-Boats

Liberty ships were built - allowed fleet to outnumber Germans and defeat them

Hitler began submarine attacks on the East Coast Goal: Limit supplies reaching Europe

Germany appeared to be succeeding7 months into 1942 - 681 Allied ships had been

destroyedThe US began sending convoys

Groups of shipsAirplanes accompanied ships to detect U-Boats

Liberty ships were built - allowed fleet to outnumber Germans and defeat them

The Battle of StalingradThe Battle of StalingradWinter forced Germany to remain in Moscow

and Leningrad in 1941-1942Spring/Summer - Germans went south in

order to capture oil fields and destroy StalingradKey industrial city

Luftwaffe (German Air Force) bombed the town nightly

Russian officers saw potential for failureWanted to bomb factoriesStalin insisted that they finish

Winter forced Germany to remain in Moscow and Leningrad in 1941-1942

Spring/Summer - Germans went south in order to capture oil fields and destroy StalingradKey industrial city

Luftwaffe (German Air Force) bombed the town nightly

Russian officers saw potential for failureWanted to bomb factoriesStalin insisted that they finish

Battle of StalingradBattle of StalingradGermans were resilient By the end of September - controlled 90% of the

cityWinter came and the Soviets used it to their

advantageSoviets surrounded the city

Hitler urged the Germans to continueThe Germans surrendered on January 31st, 1943

1,100,000 Soviet soldiers diedMore than the total number of American deaths in the entire war.

Turning point in the war - Soviets went on the offensive and moved West

Germans were resilient By the end of September - controlled 90% of the

cityWinter came and the Soviets used it to their

advantageSoviets surrounded the city

Hitler urged the Germans to continueThe Germans surrendered on January 31st, 1943

1,100,000 Soviet soldiers diedMore than the total number of American deaths in the entire war.

Turning point in the war - Soviets went on the offensive and moved West

North African FrontNorth African Front

The Americans and the British opened a new operation - North AfricaAxis-controlledGeneral Dwight D. Eisenhower commanded

the troops

Troops arrived in Casablanca, Oran and Algiers in North Africa

Afrika Korps surrendered in May 1943

The Americans and the British opened a new operation - North AfricaAxis-controlledGeneral Dwight D. Eisenhower commanded

the troops

Troops arrived in Casablanca, Oran and Algiers in North Africa

Afrika Korps surrendered in May 1943

Italian CampaignItalian CampaignMeeting between Churchill and Roosevelt -

“unconditional surrender”Decided to attack Italy before launching attach

across the English ChannelCaptured Sicily in 1943

The Italian people were extremely disappointedForced Mussolini to resignHitler was still determined to defeat the Allies in

Italy - before they got to Germany“Bloody Anzio” - 4 months, 25,000 Allied

casualties & 30,000 Axis.Success in 1945

Meeting between Churchill and Roosevelt - “unconditional surrender”

Decided to attack Italy before launching attach across the English Channel

Captured Sicily in 1943The Italian people were extremely disappointed

Forced Mussolini to resignHitler was still determined to defeat the Allies in

Italy - before they got to Germany“Bloody Anzio” - 4 months, 25,000 Allied

casualties & 30,000 Axis.Success in 1945

Heroes in CombatHeroes in CombatTuskegee Airmen

African American - 99th Pursuit SquadronSaw first success in Italy - continued distinguished service

throughout the warBuffaloes

African American - 92nd Infantry DivisionWon More than 200 medals

Mexican-Americans7 Congressional Medal of Honor winnersAn all-Chicano unit became one of the most decorated of

the warJapanese Americans

100th Battalion was most decorated unit in U.S. history

Tuskegee AirmenAfrican American - 99th Pursuit SquadronSaw first success in Italy - continued distinguished service

throughout the warBuffaloes

African American - 92nd Infantry DivisionWon More than 200 medals

Mexican-Americans7 Congressional Medal of Honor winnersAn all-Chicano unit became one of the most decorated of

the warJapanese Americans

100th Battalion was most decorated unit in U.S. history

D-Day/NormandyD-Day/Normandy

General Eisenhower Organized 3 million troops (American,

British and Canadian)

Planned attack on Normandy in FranceSet up a phantom army

Sent orders to attack Calais (150 miles away)

Hitler sent troops to protect the port

June 6, 1944

General Eisenhower Organized 3 million troops (American,

British and Canadian)

Planned attack on Normandy in FranceSet up a phantom army

Sent orders to attack Calais (150 miles away)

Hitler sent troops to protect the port

June 6, 1944

D-Day/NormandyD-Day/NormandyShortly after midnight, three divisions

parachuted behind enemy linesLargest land-sea-air attack in army historyGerman retaliation was brutal

Omaha Beach7 days of fighting secured 80 milesAdditional supplies and troops arrived within

a monthGeneral Omar Bradley ordered land and air

attack at St. Lo in order for General Patton to advance his troops

Shortly after midnight, three divisions parachuted behind enemy lines

Largest land-sea-air attack in army historyGerman retaliation was brutal

Omaha Beach7 days of fighting secured 80 milesAdditional supplies and troops arrived within

a monthGeneral Omar Bradley ordered land and air

attack at St. Lo in order for General Patton to advance his troops

D-Day/NormandyD-Day/Normandy

Two days after Patton’s troops attacked, Paris was liberatedFour years of occupation

By September 1944, Allies freed France, Belgium and Luxembourg

Two days after Patton’s troops attacked, Paris was liberatedFour years of occupation

By September 1944, Allies freed France, Belgium and Luxembourg

The Battle of the BulgeThe Battle of the BulgeOctober 1944, Americans captured AachenHitler sent troops to recapture Belgian port

of Antwerp Hoped to disrupt supply lines

December 16th - Hitler broke through American defenses

Tanks drove 60 miles into Allied territoryCreated a “bulge” in the lineCaptured 120 American GIs

Killed in a large field

October 1944, Americans captured AachenHitler sent troops to recapture Belgian port

of Antwerp Hoped to disrupt supply lines

December 16th - Hitler broke through American defenses

Tanks drove 60 miles into Allied territoryCreated a “bulge” in the lineCaptured 120 American GIs

Killed in a large field

The Battle of the BulgeThe Battle of the Bulge

Battle continued for a monthGermans were pushed back - lost

men, suppliesThere wasn’t much the Nazis could

do but retreat

Battle continued for a monthGermans were pushed back - lost

men, suppliesThere wasn’t much the Nazis could

do but retreat

Liberation of Death CampsLiberation of Death CampsAllied troops in the East moved into the

German heartlandSoviet troops were the first to see a Nazi

death camp in July, 1944SS Guards attempted to burn, destroy

evidenceSoviets found crematorium and storehouses

in addition to a thousand starving prisonersAmericans would liberate camps later in the

war

Allied troops in the East moved into the German heartland

Soviet troops were the first to see a Nazi death camp in July, 1944

SS Guards attempted to burn, destroy evidence

Soviets found crematorium and storehouses in addition to a thousand starving prisoners

Americans would liberate camps later in the war

Unconditional SurrenderUnconditional Surrender

April 25, 1945 - Soviets in BerlinHitler committed suicide on April

30th - a day after marrying Eva Braun

On May 8, 1945 - Eisenhower accepted the unconditional surrender of the Third Reich

V-E Day = Victory in Europe Day

April 25, 1945 - Soviets in BerlinHitler committed suicide on April

30th - a day after marrying Eva Braun

On May 8, 1945 - Eisenhower accepted the unconditional surrender of the Third Reich

V-E Day = Victory in Europe Day

Roosevelt’s DeathRoosevelt’s Death

President Roosevelt was elected for a fourth term

On April 12, 1945 - President Roosevelt suffered a stroke and died

Harry Truman became president

President Roosevelt was elected for a fourth term

On April 12, 1945 - President Roosevelt suffered a stroke and died

Harry Truman became president