WWI-The Great War

EuropEurope on e on Eve of Eve of WWIWWI

Alliances-Alliances- European nations form European nations form alliances to secure their imperialistic alliances to secure their imperialistic efforts and security at home.efforts and security at home.

Triple AllianceTriple Alliance Triple EntenteTriple Entente

1.1. GermanyGermany

2.2. ItalyItaly

3.3. Austria-HungaryAustria-Hungary

1.1. FranceFrance

2.2. Great BritainGreat Britain

3.3. RussiaRussia

(Entente Cordiale- “Friendly Understanding”)

Causes for WWICauses for WWI Imperialism-Imperialism- Competition among Competition among

European nations to control as many European nations to control as many colonies as possible.colonies as possible. Raw materials obtained from the Raw materials obtained from the

colonies fuels industry to make more colonies fuels industry to make more weapons.weapons.

Helped increase the size of militaryHelped increase the size of military NationalismNationalism-- European nations believe European nations believe

that they are superior in culture and that they are superior in culture and military.military. Countries had to demonstrate they were Countries had to demonstrate they were

the superior power.the superior power.

Colonial Empires 1914Colonial Empires 1914

Militarism-Militarism- The build up of arms creates The build up of arms creates competition among European nations. competition among European nations. European countries have to keep up European countries have to keep up

with each other. (Arms Race) (Military with each other. (Arms Race) (Military spending jumped 300% between 1870 spending jumped 300% between 1870 and 1914)and 1914)

Assassination of Archduke Francis Assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand-Ferdinand-

Balkan “Powder Keg”-Balkan “Powder Keg”- Serbia was granted Serbia was granted independence from Austria-Hungary in 1878. independence from Austria-Hungary in 1878. The Slavs, wanting to become a larger The Slavs, wanting to become a larger Slavic state, wanted to gain access to the Slavic state, wanted to gain access to the Adriatic Sea. They were denied. Russia Adriatic Sea. They were denied. Russia backed up Serbia because they too wanted a backed up Serbia because they too wanted a warm water port.warm water port.

The stage is set.The stage is set. The “Black Hand”The “Black Hand”- a nationalist group - a nationalist group

wanted to unite Bosnia under Serbia. wanted to unite Bosnia under Serbia. Gavrilo PrincipGavrilo Princip assassinated the Archduke assassinated the Archduke Francis Ferdinand on June 28, 1914.Francis Ferdinand on June 28, 1914.

Do “Coming of Age” wkshtDo “Coming of Age” wksht

THE BALKAN PENINSULA

The “Spark” of WWIThe “Spark” of WWI

5 minutes after the 5 minutes after the this photograph this photograph was taken the was taken the Archduke was Archduke was assassinated.assassinated.

Watch the “20Watch the “20thth Century 1910-1920 Century 1910-1920 Archduke Archduke Assassination”Assassination”

Two FrontsTwo Fronts Western Front-Western Front-

Germany, France, Germany, France, andand EnglandEngland fought in a fought in a stalemate over a stalemate over a few miles of land. few miles of land.

““No Man’s Land”No Man’s Land”- - The land in between The land in between the Central Powers the Central Powers trenches and the trenches and the Allied trenchesAllied trenches

‘No Man’s Land”

Schlieffen PlanSchlieffen Plan

Called for Called for German troops German troops to bypass the to bypass the heavily defended heavily defended eastern border of eastern border of France by France by pushing through pushing through Belgium into Belgium into northern France.northern France.

Schlieffen PlanSchlieffen Plan

The Battle of the Marne stopped this attack just The Battle of the Marne stopped this attack just outside of Parisoutside of Paris.

Eastern FrontEastern Front

Germany, Germany, Austria-Austria-Hungary,Hungary, and and RussiaRussia fought in fought in huge battles huge battles that had that had staggering staggering casualties and casualties and prisoners.prisoners.

Slaughter in the TrenchesSlaughter in the TrenchesView DVD: World War I ColorView DVD: World War I Color

The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (March 1918) This treaty, signed by the (March 1918) This treaty, signed by the

Russians, acknowledged that Russia was Russians, acknowledged that Russia was defeated in the war. defeated in the war. Russia gave up huge Russia gave up huge amounts of Land (25% of their empire)amounts of Land (25% of their empire)

Causes for defeat-Causes for defeat- Devastating lossesDevastating losses Poor leadershipPoor leadership Increasing discontent with Czar Nicholas Increasing discontent with Czar Nicholas

IIII Food Shortages Food Shortages Lack of weaponsLack of weapons

U.S. joins the AlliesU.S. joins the Allies

Causes for joining the warCauses for joining the war

Unrestricted submarine warfareUnrestricted submarine warfare (sinking of the (sinking of the LusitaniaLusitania) ) Do u-boat Do u-boat worksheetworksheet

Zimmerman Note-Zimmerman Note- Aurthor Aurthor Zimmerman (German Foreign Zimmerman (German Foreign Secretary to Mexico) sent a Secretary to Mexico) sent a telegram that stated Mexico would telegram that stated Mexico would gain land if they joined the Central gain land if they joined the Central Powers.Powers. Read TelegramRead Telegram

3. Propaganda3. Propaganda-- German posters that German posters that portrayed them as evil caused increasing portrayed them as evil caused increasing pressure to declare war. pressure to declare war. Do Propaganda Do Propaganda worksheetworksheet

Congress declared war on Germany April Congress declared war on Germany April 6, 19176, 1917

PropagandaPropaganda

• An armistice was signed on November 11, 1918 also known as Veteran’s Day was the end of World War I.

•armistice is an agreement to stop fighting

Wilson’s Fourteen PointsWilson’s Fourteen Points On January 8, 1919 Wilson addressed the On January 8, 1919 Wilson addressed the

nation on how he proposes world peace. nation on how he proposes world peace. This speech is known as This speech is known as 14 points14 points..

1.1. Open treaties of peace – Open treaties of peace – Wilson believed Wilson believed that secret diplomacy led to the war.that secret diplomacy led to the war.

2.2. Freedom of the SeasFreedom of the Seas – Wilson believed – Wilson believed that controlling shipping lanes leads to that controlling shipping lanes leads to war.war.

3.3. Readjustment of bordersReadjustment of borders and territorial and territorial settlements in Europe. Wilson believed settlements in Europe. Wilson believed that empire building leads to war.that empire building leads to war.

4.4. The League of Nations-The League of Nations- “A creation of “A creation of the general associations of nations. . . To the general associations of nations. . . To guarantee political independence.”guarantee political independence.”

Treaty of VersaillesTreaty of Versailles ““The Big Four” The Big Four” were were

the architects of the the architects of the treaty:treaty:

1. Woodrow Wilson- 1. Woodrow Wilson- UnitedUnited StatesStates

2. David Lloyd 2. David Lloyd George- George- Great Great BritainBritain

3. George 3. George Clemenceau- Clemenceau- FranceFrance

4. Vitorrio Orlando- 4. Vitorrio Orlando- ItalyItaly

The Treaty of VersaillesThe Treaty of Versailles Do The Treaty of Do The Treaty of

Versailles ActivityVersailles Activity Students will examine Students will examine

the Treaty of Versailles the Treaty of Versailles and determine whether and determine whether or not it was meant to or not it was meant to prevent future wars or prevent future wars or possibly start one. possibly start one.

Students will also Students will also determine if the Treaty determine if the Treaty was meant to punish was meant to punish Germany.Germany.

The TermsThe Terms 1.1. Germany was blamed for starting the war so Germany was blamed for starting the war so

they had to pay for all the damages they had to pay for all the damages (reparations)(reparations)

2.2. Germany had to surrender all of its colonies to Germany had to surrender all of its colonies to the Allies.the Allies.

3.3. Germany was allowed only 100,000 men to Germany was allowed only 100,000 men to serve in the military and could not build any serve in the military and could not build any submarines and tanks.submarines and tanks.

4.4. Austria and Germany were barred forever from Austria and Germany were barred forever from uniting together.uniting together.

5.5. The League of Nations was established to try The League of Nations was established to try and prevent any future wars.and prevent any future wars.

6.6. Countries were formed from the former Countries were formed from the former empires empires (Do map wksht)(Do map wksht)

Post WWI EuropePost WWI Europe

The treaty The treaty allowed allowed Poland to gain Poland to gain access to the access to the Baltic Sea.Baltic Sea.

DanzigDanzig became became under control under control by the League by the League of Nationsof Nations

The League of Nations 1920-1946The League of Nations 1920-1946

Balfour DeclarationBalfour Declaration

Great Britain Great Britain favored a favored a “National “National Home for Home for Jewish People” Jewish People” in Palestinein Palestine

Casualties of WWICasualties of WWI

Do worksheet Do worksheet “Losses of WWI”“Losses of WWI”

About 10 million About 10 million soldiers lost their soldiers lost their liveslives

About 21 million About 21 million were woundedwere wounded

About 1 million About 1 million civilian casualtiescivilian casualties

The war cost The war cost about 350 billion about 350 billion dollars.dollars.

Casualties in WWI

A symbol = 100,000 people