found
who
desire
411
Force has a
and sea forces.
cave and
It is
the
progressive
nations
of
the
world,
solo flight.
CAREFULLY
TO
A
LANDING
PLACE.
The instructor made a perfect
landing
satisfaction
of
the
student.
lOa-13
smiles all
as the
to
see
what
the
an
an important
to
furnish
the accumulated
apparent to our
to
his
body
When
infantry officer gave
and
is
entirely
form in
object
are
a marked difference in
basis. By
fliers
Air
Medical
off
only way to keep
he must
; the flier even
and
have
then
to assist the
experience
the
air.
that
:2»2«w
of
the
units,
the
members
the
auspices
accomplished by
the work
public
interest
within 15
seconds he
by actual
interest aroused
specialists whose training in the
examination of aviators fitted
the necessity
day
the air for very
fire
and
enemy
planes.
Pilots
of
scout
machines,
two
Laboratory
has
demon-
strated
20,000
feet
with
safety;
25
out
of
each
100
are
physically
and
mentally
unsafe
so
two years both by the enemy and by the allies.
The
British
have
made.
"
to
live
at
man living
symptoms
of
stale-
it is
the
aviator
life
The Air
men who
an organization
and one-half
nervously
other times becoming
so physically worn
by
the
hun-
dreds
of
30a-9
has
been
perfected
an
apparatus
fuselage, which
in the
yet become accus-
former.
fluid that
fills the
special
sense
with
BY
REMOVING
PORTION
OF
THE
BONE.
(Actual
photograph.)
32a-6
method of educating the cadet is by means of flying
calisthenics.
By
his
financial investment. This saving of invaluable
human
material
and
STATUS.
MAJ.
who
has
not
the
fit
intelligent
invariably
after
a
the Flight
work among the aviators,
life
and
we
but with the fact
clearness of mind,
more
for flying duty
the physical
a tendency
sense certain
furnish
for
sirability
laryngology, the
cardio-vascular system,
localities,
and
because
the Board eUcited
a
a special
class By
degree.
He
had
his record
unanimous opinion
officer
material
designed
to
trip
a
man,
in any
receiving
the
complete
medi-
United
impor-
tance
should
be
here
quoted:
Special
Orders,
of precision, such
surgeons, and
neurologists. Their
to
select
a
man
to
act
to
the
Office
of
the
such promotion
"V^^ien
handling this
civilian consultants
R. C.
John
H.
Vermilye.
Gulp,
M.
R.
C.
E.
M.
Mason.
Boston,
Mass.
C.
; Maj.
Nerval
Walter E.
W.
Collins.
General
physical:
Dr.
C.
R.
C. ;
Maj.
Dr.
C.
C.
Examining
board
Oilman
Dr. Ralph
C.
Stuart
Miss
C.
Dr.
W.
W.
Dr.
A. McClory,
J.
J.
Singer.
Volunteer
General physical: Dr. Hicks.
General physical
General physical
Officer
in
C.
Cuthbert, Dr.
Miss Stella
from
six
at an average cost
to
75
minutes
physical
examination
to
general physical
pletion of
dress.
By
that
time,
7.40,
acuity,
muscle
balance,
subjected to the
asis
go
to
"
of Examin-
[Left
(6)
to head?
[Left
fRight
to
point
of
starting.
Repeat
to
appreciate
depth
and
distances
by
means
of
test
cards
furnished
for
use
with
scale,
the
distance
eye can appreciate an
of
0.01
mm.
(15
tance
will
be
down.
The
movements
shaded
eye.
Re-
peat
for
it
nearly
touches
by
palpation.
eye
seeing
each
image,
off on the
determined
separately
15 cm.
14.
residual air,
is essential.
The icatch
a
loud-ticking
watch
such
as
the
work
of
and if so whether
which are so
first one
he sees the
you can
was
not
fixing
EXTERNAL
upper
lid
with
field
of
vision
applicants
because
they
of
new
is the
by reading
smaller line
must be
If there is,
tion
with
20/20
acuity
at
20/20
considered
in
the
light
of
both
the
ophthalmoscopy,
if
you
have
ac-
quired
facility
in
measuring
the
refraction
say
to
1
or
1^
D
in
that
way,
or
by
the
fogging
test.
This
is
is
because
he
is
hypermetropic.
Now,
if
he
is
hypermetropic
some
esophoria
is
connnodation
there
can
be
expected
a
commensurate
the chief
and inasmuch
The standard
great
majority
of
within the
near-point. Every ex-
aminer should have
the
individual
to
en-
counter
a
which
condition
fijie-i upon for the eailiop; of
the
hrig
after-
if possible, by an
by
a
long
absence
me to
by every one on
hove in
a way of wear-
thence hanging
the want
doubtless
came
putting on chafing
the night, from fear
drums
be
removed
by
operation,
be
clearly
borne
majority
of
their ears are troubled
marked
abnormal
as
with fact, we
apparatus easily
handled in
a
flow
of
that
fluid,
pulling
of
the
eyes
in
a
of
involuntary
testimony
in
the applicant
(o
causes the
this and
definite
vertigo—
same
plane
as
the
the testing
vestibular
finger
touch
to
it
the
pointing
to
the
right
hand
sepa-
termed
applicant
sufficient
ear
motion-perceiving
sense
to
become
an
aviator?
It
is
here
jerk should
seconds.
The
eyes
are
then
closed
is then
instead
nation. On
point,
should
be
given
to this matter and if there is any doubt in the
mind of
the examiner
teeth,
his
postural
albumi-
nuria.
be
shown
by
was found
by the
members of
numerals
requirements
or
the eye
be noticed that
in the eye tests.
and
dynamic
tests,
are
per
every
Units
Average
duration
a
mydriatic.
X
Comparison
of
cases examined (mydriatic
for
C.
The
Washington
unit
5,
1918)
approximately
3,000
hundred and
with
librium
tests,
of
the
examination,
Service
of
per
cent
year 12
over
seven
months,
submitted to
all the
of the
act
as
ADVISORS
that
by the various
the medical problem in Aviation is
divided
into
two
parts:
(1)
The
SELECTION
(2)
the
CARE
of
the
flier.
THE
of
Ex-
The
Germans
have
a
specially
organized
of
the
flier.
amination
month. In
this way
the Germans
the
body,
produces
a
number
of
conditions
cardio-vascular
been
for
officers
oxygen, and of
nervous
and
muscular
systems,
especially
in
under the direct
operation since October,
military
conditions
the
development
of
obviously
for
the
was deemed
was
actually
taking
Com-
manding
medical
officers
apparatuses have been
a
Iialf
Corps,
officers, and
the
at
the
by the Air
in
capacity
in
Washington,
D.
$700,000
worth
of
 
Headache.—
to
his
squadron
is
almost
too
tired
to
appear
before
line,
they
have
been
using
the
Dreyer
oxygen
apparatus
for
several
months.
Capt.
P
deal from
the
air
at
for
a
air,
but
also
over 16,000 feet;
as
or
sleep
I have
had no
be
a
great
nuisance
week
the room
a
1. The
rapidity
of
sent
to
Maj.
Birley
Birley, Royal Army
really
correspond
to
the
Medical
Research
Committee
at
home,
As
regards
Medical
Service
respect
as
a
Brigade and
Medical
sick to
at Twenty-
fourth General
Hospital, who
by a
medical officer
man to
long
reconaissnnces
one flight
It Is
a squadron
day (e.
service.
An
the air as
up
physical
mentally
near
will
give
a
clearer
indication
of
how
a
man
cases
of
gun-shot
wounds.
cylinders are
oxygen resolves
HIGH
FLYING
UNDER
ACTIVE
SERVICE
CONDITIONS.
PEELIMINABY.
done
above
These
will
be
referred
to
more
fully
in
weather
has
been
working
at
15,000
to
16,000
to be associated with
speaking,
both
at 12,000
usually
go
to-
gether
and
occur
in
spite
do not
fatigue
must
be
Unilateral
who had
normal number of red cells, hemoglobi percent-
age, and
even
cardiac dullness.
that such is
so
that
shortness
e.
g.,
to a
an
the
ground.
GENEBAL
CONCLUSIONS.
ceptible than
a
fact
made of
reaction
time
to
visual,
tactile
when
at
great deal
to learn,
squadron who
consequently
extremely
unfortu-
nate
which previously
that
the
nervousness
in
any
given
instance.
We
are
upon
the
production
Unless
he
gets
due to
previous concussion.
does
not
get
off
to
sleep
quite
get
digestion may trouble
quite
conscious of
does
he
will
find
that
breath on
; he
can
not
sit
down
quietly
to
read
to
see
a
machine
or
listen
to
He
have got into
many
from sheer
carelessness. They
signs are unmistakable,
but they are
down and
up.
On
the
not diseased in
which he was previously
on
as
nervous shock,
nervous shock, nervousness
be
our
object
to
tinctly slowed
fatigue.
a
reliable
guide.
FATIGUE
AND
EFFICIENtfr.
Before
putting
may
be
made.
Reasons
will
It
has
been
proved
continuous
hard
work
without
fatigue.
If
onset of fatigue,
of
new
pilots.
experienced man gives
is
such
to
The
recuperative
of
strain
and
exhaustion
so
also
a
young
pilot
subjected
to
a
on
; he
will
go
to
a
be evacuated to
make room for
by
his
or
fatigue
healthy
quite clear
with Major
D. when
of 500
feet. He
the
observer,
but had
merely taken
the skin off of the back of his neck. A few minutes
later
this
observer
appeared
with
a
bandage
about
his
him or
part
be
be-
come
a
that
Royal
Army
Medical
Corps,
would
appreciate
such
flying
work.
with the British
have carried
of this work
January,
1918,
Prof.
Nepper
will
be
put
in
not able to
ever, those in
that
through
an
in-
the
benefit
of
each
be
a
a
marked
difference,
in
that
;
has
extraordinary sport,
to
make
a
prompt
decision
and
have
knowledge
of
the
movements of the apparatus would
give the pilot
which
is
feeling
of
ment. The apparatus
especially
of
there
Little attention is
beats
proportion
to
the
sort of
drum, on
mouth closed,
adapt
its
circulatory
system
to
the
different
pressure,
at
2,000
for you,
not
this
aptitude.
There
How many among
example,
the
probable
respond
to
certain
30 years of
Respiratory
exchanges
become
more
diflicult,
able
to
to
not to
question is once more categorically defined.
It
is
neces-
sary
blood
be
to
produce
9.
even in
one very
one of
second for tactile
accordance
which
is
still
under
dispute
be intact.
in
the
up to
vision
and
difference,
that
involved
in
the
the
medulla,
which
In
so
feature of
were
victims
moral
victims
it cost not
they
think
better
of
what
but rather they
have drawn conclusions
generally owe
their improvement
to the
even submit
to it,
who
give
yourselves
to
others,
oneself is
imposed upon
evident that scholars,
He
fatal
is nothing
to avoid excess
the
fuselage
of
emerges from
the hood.
Finally, there
a
combination
.suit,
fur-lined,
they are
in breathing largely
ventilation
of
the
elevation.
It
and
pharynx.
This
last
precautioj;
will
also helpful
to do the
us
on
seeing
the
Italian
the service.
This
is
probably
due
know
whether
they
are
appointed
by
the
right.
respira-
tions,
steadiness
Other
tracings
dropped
the
that;
1.
stick.
They
move
the
out-
fit
ajid
on the mechanism
me to
of candidates
in these
examination
blanks
simple and definite
of standardizing
a part in
as the bird,
altitudes,
furnishes
to
interpret
difficult
others
The
acute,
amination there
that the
two classes,
had
lived
died
a
nervous
excitation
to
twitching
may
lead
dangerous
sight
failed
entirely
and
afterwards
his
of
taking
them
clear recollection of writing
illegibly
eyes. I empty aspirator,
by
little,
at
the
last
that
clear, however, and I
feet,
but
The evidence
active
cells
the
greater will
be the
always
low
differences
in
pressure
are
passing
through
the
capillaries.
There
the
oxygen
needed
by
the
cell.
Reduction
of
oxygen
available
age
reduced from
per
cent.
artificial
seen in the
blood, in the
ters
in
the
brain
whereby
a
reserve
supply
is
thrown
into
due
to
of the hemo-
rapid
rate
of
per cent. The
observations of Madame
that the blood
gravity:
At
are those
a
high
24
illustrated
in
the
at
issue
seems
to
with weak
they
studies made
of men
80.. In
has
been
spoken
of
Any
exertion
will
the
high
altitude.
The
amount
of the
taken
as
the
that
that
obtained
spent
at
a
high
altitude
when
the
organism
has
not
as
yet
accommodated
itself
to
VENOUS
satisfactory
methods
of
observing
venous
an
alti-
rate
by
much blood
has passed
Peak
than
THE
INCREASED
RATE
IN
FT.OW?
All
purpose of
supplying a
ON THE
facts show that
during the
at a
of 3
following
changes:
An
in-
reactions:
Average
systolic
pressure
of properly
when in
of oxygen
in the
blood will
of
air
rule
holds
approximately
true
under
ordinary
conditions.
A
diminu-
tion
in
the
alveolar
found
to
indi-
cate
while
an
increase
in
carbon
dioxide
dwelling
at
dioxide
pressure
falls
on
the breathing
the
subject
is
at
increase
of
50
work,
even
at
would
be
the
case
with
a
corresponding
exertion
at
often
maximal.
It
follows,
therefore,
that
high
altitude,
if
breathing.
lowered
cajjbon
dioxide
pressure
in
the
body
generally.
Want
of
carbon
dioxide
would,
other
things
being
would
increase
the
affinity
of
the
blood
for
oxygen.
This
would
lower
the
affinity
in
the
blood
at
high
If
the
diminished
the
kidneys,
observations,
if
depth
to
the
decrease.
holding the breath
men
It
has
been
found
that
the period
and
Williams
noted
persons
the
low
atmospheric
pressure
vital ca-
under
debate
among
physi-
ologists.
All
case
that
about
the
same.
At
sea
level
the
arterial
rated with oxygen, while
was examined
within an
or
point
by actively
secreting oxygen.
Certain indirect
air in a
delay
in
a
permanent
character
at
the
high
altitude.
of
high
breathing for
beats be-
low the
The
take place.
and by
automatic
adjustment
one
most
capable
of
responding
the demands
for complete
physical work.
presence
of
a
larger
amount
of
myohe-
matin—
the
fit
the
organism
to
supply
the
tissues
with
the
extra
amount
89118—19
advantage,
if
he
and
the
the unusual
work. It
ably
begins
almost
immediately.
As
a
result
of
physical
and
moderate exertion.
In the
untrained heart.
Medical experience
condition re-
pulse, which
is also
exertion,
We may
in
reflexes,
loss
of
sleep,
nightmares,
and
ness and
the
equivalent
is
19,400
feet.
One
purpose
in
the
be
atmospheric pressures show clearly
renders the
mechanism capable
aviator must
body
must
be
a record of the
decreases,
the
sufficient
to
require
be-
tween
25
and
occur
whereby
it
is
possible
between atmos-
pheric air and nitrogen. This permits of changing the partial pres-
sure
of
oxygen
at
eration
of
at a
ably accompanied by a
and
cent. All gradations
have been found among
deeply when
breathing,
therefore,
only
a
comparatively
lessening
breathed
16 and 14
lower oxygen
tension, while
higher
between
and
6
per
cent
of oxygen
between 8
volume breathed at
between
in
the
oxygen
of
much
increase
to
should occur at
the lower percentages
oxygen. Thus one
in
lung
ventilation.
of
amount of oxygen inhaled decreases, or when it increases only
slightly
the
as
have failed
to show
low
oxygen
as
10
to
9
per
the others
the
ca-piliaries
during
exposure
to
lo\\^
oxygen
should
therefore,
give
a
a
trustworthy
indicator
of
others after
in
the
is
a
rate
of
decrease
in
oxygen
had
been
absorbed
in
the
rebreathing
the per
 
lowered
a
sharp
or
slightly
increased
pressure
show
a
gradual
well-con-
trolled
sponding to
accelerates
more
than
20
to
pulse rate
beats
to
low
thereafter
the
systolic
rate slows. The
and
progressively
increasing
as
the
oxygen
oxygen
is
indi-
of
blood.
After
men
are
the
centi-
13 14 15 16 17 18 19
20
2t
in
venous
pressure
shows
great
individual
variations,
end
of
the
experiment.
From
eight
cases
studied
with
maximum
1.08
liters
(25
Ser
to
came
from sea level
to 20,000 feet,
at sea
an abdominal bloating due
atmosphere of pressure—the
in the digestive organs will expand
to double their volume. This may lead to an unpleasant pressure on
the abdominal wall
might
man
in
whom
little
vital capacity.
vasomotor
control
of
the
splanchnic
area
in
man
experiences
a
as much as
a
subject
after
re-
il
react
to
can not
while
usually
goes
subnormal,
the
subnormal
stage.
physical fitness.
thereafter
the
at
7.1
per cent, an
20
in
beats.
systolic pressures above normal
normal
the
heart
the
rest
rate
in
10-15
,19
time
It
shows
that he
well, but he does not do it in the usual
way. Most
and the pressures then taken.
He
about
60
per
cent
of
the
men,
was
condition
low
duration
is
too
short
a
out the part that the
blood changes may play
these the
90
minutes,
the
a
17 18 19 30 21 22 23 24
25 20
The
first
when man
altitudes of
remained constant, or,
for
an
explanation
of
a
number
of
men
it
was
by other compensatory
factors. In such
rapidly,
the
candidate
compen-
sates
power of compensation failed.
endure
low
oxygen,
some
down
other in
A
sub-
ject
a
rebreathing
tions, while the pressure
same in each
was analyzed from
fall
in
the
alveolar
experiences.
The
average
amount
millimeters;
for
ability of an
in
order
to
complete
the
comparison.
The
taken
at
corresponding
average
volume
the ascent.
or
rebreathing experiments
the first
determined before
the experiment
at the
per cent
blood as
decrease
in
pulse
rate
varied
from
5
to
of the
in
a
great
falls while the
factors in
tion of hemoglobin, or possibly secretion of
oxygen through the
number
of
in
altitude.
accel-
by
CIRCULATORY
SYSTEM.
It
has
degree of
much lower eleva-
 
by
discovered, and
They
have
shown
the
normal
depends
circula-
tor}'^
apparatus.
The
cardiac insufficiency and distress.
of
making
a
positive
diagnosis
only
8
the
pilot.
Our
work
size
of
factors in
the blood,
thousand
feet,
perhaps
the
noxious
effects
of
low
oxygen
not
only
were
the
physical
and
time
exhibited
no
this deficiency
at
this
point.
(As
a
on
the
subject.)
It
is
of
blood
or
bringing the required amount.
may
the
per-
The
increase from
15 to
drop in atmospheric
providing
in the
increase
in
pulse
rate
(more
beats
pressure.
with very little
decrease in
and
transitory
the blood
slightest emotion will
reaction
muscles to
body
however,
overcompensates
and
strains
keeps
brain
and
heart
all
parts
and
so
throws
this
with
person-
ality,
individual will drive at
intensity
who compensates,
altered
conditions.
We
nil.
Such
men
we have
early deterioration.
etc.
In
constitutional
inferiority
similar
lack
of
reaction
to be moun-
the less vigorous
to show
heart strain.
unconsciousness,
tone;
the
subject
tone,
ashy
pallor,
cold
sweat,
case he began to
their
compensation
is
made
so
economically
as
to
throw
a
minimum
made
to
his
tempted to
and
regu-
latory
action.
activation of
result. If
the heart
to fail, nothing
altitudes,
even
the
lowest.
It
occurs,
of
not as
playing
a
musical
instrument,
etc. On this analogy it is easy to understand how the
constant
deli-
cate
adjustments
demanded
of
the
whole
circulatory
the actual strain
use
of
oxygen
to
(We
quently as
these
subjects
become
Age 20 years, 6
-SI 32 83
tims in minutes
at
the
reached
later and at
seems
ex-
tremely
••..«Sy»t.
2"?
time in
very
low
rise in
together
with
a
the
test.
During
reached
was
much
IC 17 18 19
in flying and
15
16
17
18
24
S3
TIMK
tN
MINUTES
Psychological
efCects
early.
Class
of repeated
not
only
unfit
for
further
flying
but
distress
was
found
to
plane
rises
to
hypertrophy
not
so-called
there
is
likely
heart
muscle
is
;
the
war.
the
entrance into the
experiments and carried
the
of normal physical equipment.
attributes
to the
F|0r
possible
to
render
efficient
capacity.
No
difficulty
was
of
those
instructions
were
issued
by
the
Chief
Surgeon
for
the
purpose
of the
also concerned
motion
by
warm
AS
total
of
motion-sensing
three
 
it was
experiments
this point
the composite
upon
which
the
dynamic
qualified,
the
times
After
turning
to
right
times
After
turning
to
formation of
of
these
examining
units
which
is
satisfadtory
to
the
cause?
(c)
they
would
be
unaffected
by
drumhead is not
an index of
septum
is
continual
irritant
middle-ear catarrh
The
nares
should
acces-
to a
of throat trouble
cautious
The experience in
fact
 
to
vital-importance.
Generally
are observed
according to
NYSTAGMUS.
as
pointing
before
turning,
a
in front of
30 degrees
the right.
This is
test
back to find
other
mental
processes.
observer
to
the
applicant's
very carefully
turning to the
position. The
instead
of
cold
water
responses
neurologist and
be
struck
with
the
compre-
they are
ear. When
his attention
pass,
(4)
the
nuclei
of
nystagmus
and
past-pointing.
a double
pin-
several
ascents
in
the
low-pressure
chamber
on
three
consecutive
days.
One
to
by
information
which
to attempt to
that
it
is
not
deemed
justifiable
for
the
to
lights on
the normal group was first determined to be possessed of
normal
vestibular
and
deep
sensibility.
seconds
duration
of
times
indicating
slow
deaf-mute whose
he
is
subjected,
but
he
is
keenly
of
motion;
whether
this
is
vertically
upward
or
vertically
downward
seems
general
the
quantita-
tive
of
inner
tion
jo}^
changes
that such men
would
seem
sense
no question.
stated,
motion-sense
is
dependent
upon
information
to estimate the value
on
in
spite
of
unfavorable
atmospheric
conditions,
and
a
clinometer
used
by
him
to
measure
angles
of
tilt
(4)
on
normal
individuals
blue line
executed.
EXPLANATION
OF
CHABTS
I
AND
I and Charts
the
downward
motion
was
a
on
the
horizontal
plane
were
made
difficult
to
was
necessarv
to
excite-
ment
and
apprehension,
and
a
CASK HISTORIES.
error
on
first
flight
and
failed
to
Chart I.
—A young
man, not
usual mentality; he is
large
experience
showed im-
Case
until
he
appreciating, when he
had never
 
were bunking
(lateral) angles
This series
to
the
right.
flights, and
prac-
tically the normal index as to accuracy of detection of the
move-
the later flights.
series of observations carried
sional
trick
is
at
necessary
for
this
of
improvement
in
these
subjects
-were
visual acuity,
deep sensi-
of
work
where
rapid
as to
 
of
their
vestibular
apparatus.
education
and
experience
which
sud-
result
of
his
whirling.
novice
lies
in
the
artist's
ability
successful
falls to
sec.
JTo
R.
upon
acquisition
sub-
circular wall
tion than the vertical canal
stimulation,
mainly
stimulated.
In
spiral
turns,
if
the
the
same
upright
where
they
convincing
nature.
RESUME.
condition
of
this
portion
of
the
internal
ear
medulla
oblongata,
vestibular function
persons
perceive
subjec-
One who
air.
is,
is
testimony
of
or
analysis
of
Underlying them
"
an accurate
and convenient
right
be it
canals.
3.
in the vertical
matter how
less
correlated
in the
sketch, the vertical
tigo
the frontal
as
hours
how
which
vertigo; thus one flier
as
spinning
nose
dive
saved
him
from
greater
importance.
the laboratory
instead of
ship's compass. The
controls resembling
positions of the body and
to
flying
these
tests
to
shine
into
of
this
eye
is
called
a
direct
is
apparatus, conjunctival
blurring
cause for rejection.
is
the
examiner
field
of
vision
to
his
own,
apparatus is
light on
any
movement
of
the
light,
Jaeger
the print is
25
years
of
4
per
Corps
Of
but
in
low
and
peripher}
of
the
not
received,
control the plane if the remainder of the
balance mechanism is
greatest
the eye,
The most important ocular symptom is failing vision. The pilot
complains that
he can
not see
become
fatigued,
due
to
A
few
days'
the
acuity of
vision. Subject
observes test
with
one
minute
intervals
of
rest.
ex-
accoufits for
the disagreeable
comfort and
the glass
the eye
to see
color
of
objects
looked
should
be
19 per cent,
some men insist
some
instances
a large curved
prevent an accident.
else.
An adjustable inter-
Aviators
often
complain
of the
of
ventilation.
all
cushions.
On
it
of
phenomena
which
increases
The
eyes
sting
and
moist and then comes
or
less,
after
to
the
to
to
keep
in
condition,
feet.
Uniform
illumination
is
ob-
tained
of
the
right
missed in
This
procedure
is
A
75-watt,
110-volt
day-
wedge.
Before
making
any
the least
that can
left
eye
is
uncovered
and
The
prism,
line
to
through
Prisms
are
movement
the
1
-centimeter
a
then
open
them
that
the
of
the
muscles
will
the ruby
until the first
several
the type,
and the
inverted
above
box is removed,
the color board
MUST
BE
TAKEN
TO
SEE
THAT
until all
sense of
each
the
test
skein
but
that
he
is
to
Test
No.
1,
the
suspect that
AND
ACCOMMODATION.
The
reaction
reaction to
eyes
candidate
was
C
and
name the
and
flag.
On
No.
8,
balloon,
cross,
rod,
and
7-5-9,
3-4-2,
1-10-8,
and
6;
for
the
C
card,
object
has
the
visual
acuity
on
mirror could
Johnson appa-
duce
congestion.
all
except
glass plate. The
the
subject's
undoubtedly stereopsis
been
the
low-pressure
20,000
feet.
etc., particularly
something^
e.,
be seen
It
is
find the perception
tion
20,000
then 3-minute
runs with
practical for
 
above,
a
square
of
dark
gray
paper
upon
a
is as
subject is
and
white
0.6 millimeter and
a
black
dot
in
subject
is
perceptible shades.
tests
or
at
the
systolic
was 8
D.
Accommodation
cases,
which
retentiveness
and
ex-
thinking, like
efficiently
to
be reached
problem,
a
great
supply. In
from the
beginning that
tions
age
lasting
sort,
trim is
work
continues.
From
the
foregoing
presentation
it
should
be
evident
that
a
num-
machine, and
important.
There
has
been
as
yet
no
of the
scientific
conclu-
sions.
from
the
beginning
of
our
have
of
(more
work
on
account
of
the
time
other hand, the mat-
individual
therefore
accomplish
a
perform-
making use of
moments of
the test.
The conventional
makes
measured.
may
show
marked
effects
of
his
feet.
table
in
p.
(a)
appa-
ratus,
is
given
the
following
which the
reactor may
external
be
entered.
MOTOB
TENDENCIES.
To
on official
important
accurately
responsible
at
once
be
given
air,
and
so
a
minute
sary to stop the test because
of
dangerous
cardiovascular
symptoms
before
inefficiency
is
reached.
to
react
to
initiate light
and
adjust
the
once.
R
Rests
hand
point
case
O
or
X
appears
3. As
or credit
4.
Assume 15 minutes as the standard time for the appearance of
both
the
two
as
above.
the subject
tested be
cent or less is
22
be
entered
as
reaching
(O),
and
not
at
On
first
glance*
the
reached
should
be
The
scheme
results. Where
fear enters,
flight.
it
may
be
possible,
of
the
funda-
college
training
revealed, and since,
not
take
the
place
of
specific
tests
a
difficult
experimental
undertaking;
in
other
reaction
times
of
each
is
related
an
adjective
appropriately
position
of dexterity.
the
third,
and
to be
with the
the rack was fixed one of the four types of
cards and in
shuffled,
them
normal
air,
and
other
and rebreathing
series on
7.
was
required
to
write
the
coded
message
in
the
of
100
changed.
gives the normal record.)
of about
asked
card.
(This
gives
the
oxygen-restoration
record.)
a
given
writing
production
in
in
Word
of 2 each line
considerably
difference
in
temperature
a
color
name
members
of
a
1 to
digits was carefully
up
so
written before
a
and the standard
number over the
group. By changing
prior to
the*period
with the
and July
Table I
course, scrupulously calculated
From time to
10 turns
right
and
subjects
or
disturbance
and immediately
cases
examined
by
period,
25^
that
higher.
It
will
cially emphasized
lues,
typhoid
the
profi-
ciency
attained
in
the
result
of
change
in
tions of
in gaze
students
were
ear,
evidenced
among
other
find-
ings
by
flying training
been
reported
depend
upon
who
takes
little
and
who
a terrain from his
evolved
has
made
it
evident
of the aviator
with respect to
bear-
ings
of
flight.
required
to
classificatory
tests,
tion
to
supply
some
or
behavior
for living
sense). 8 hrs.
"
and has also
reasons
given
for
choosing
aviation.
Unmarried.
Physical
examination :
Height,
;
of anxiety about anticipated
of
before the
due
to
ones
Many of these
his imperfect
loses
efficiency
much
more
and
soul
or
atten-
tion
when
in
good
judgment.
The
danger
his career
with a
fatal crash.
are
marked
men
who
pessimistic
pole
of
ex-
extent, are
and
impulsive
Surgeons.
and
point
paragraphs.
The
prob-
lem
less
indifferent
thing
noted, whether it is one
of
sympathetic
and
it
mental balance.
At
intervals,
when
for
light and demonstrated to
inhibited.
We
note
a record
personality
Physical
examination:
Ht,
69;
wt.,
136;
age,
examination.
Rating
following
first
solo
flight.
Not
injured.
Personal
Nearly
fainted
yesterday
while
Peesonauty
Recobd.
no
variety;
at
Rating
Pensonality,
to
date.
No
crashes.
Personal
history
cigarettes
form consists
a
tube
been placed
dioxide.
through the
pipe and
also
to
flush
drained
away
air.
closed w.hile flushing the tank, other-
wise vrater will
into the
absorption cylinder.
spanner
wrench,
which,
together
is
furnished
with
frequently
greased
with
vaseline
and
the
pulleys
against
the
side.
"-fe*^
human beings.
ventilating
by
manipulating
or
and below
test
is
classification
of
flying
per-
sonnel
need
of
the
service
for
of
the
analyses,
The
next
step
is
the
a little lower;
pearance
ab-
scissa
efficiency
at
altitudes
he do it?
Many subjects will
compensate admirably, preserving
service or,
cri-
After
much
experimentation
with
of oxygen
of the heart
that the
of temporary
results
of
374
routine
examina-
•tions.
The
results
are
rated
C
all appa-
ratus is
in order,
and that
sufficient
of the
carefully the
the
phys-
of
test all
papers (history,
etc.
16.
Records
send the
that
removing
the
mouthpiece
or
satisfactory.
When
this
point
has
should
be
removed
without
delay.
considers
that
safety
experi-
has
fully
satisfied
himself
safer
to
give
disease or not, but it is difficult
to
are
which
prove
decisive.
A
heart
with
an
organic
on
compensate
almost
from
the
start
sounds
loud
and
booming,
the
inquiry
that
valu-
experiment, and the
card
whether
is
7.
ink.
8.
Make
under the
from
any
cause).
test, use
scientific terms.
(h) Under
to
the
Post
Commander,
one
Washington,
D.
C.
reason
why
a
candidate
was
illness
Illness.
(12)
papers of each flier,
at
Hazelhurst
Field,
verballj'
emphasizes
the
presented
by
the
tendencies
of
the
more
of
the
conventional
cate-
may
at
once
mighl
excite
the
candidate
breathing may
at the machine with
the record
of oxygen
candi-
dates
run
to
grade
as
that
majority of
and
40
per
minute
at
about
8
per
be
regarded
as
ex-
cessive.
but
from
these
down
the
compensations
A high
candidate
then
stands,
the
The
candidate stands at
can-
acceleration
systolic
pressure
should
return
to
COo
absorber,
spirometer drum
60
degrees
clock
the
revolving
drum
closed.
The
CO
2
ahsorber.
It
ring
around
the
outside
sleeve
it
which is filled
control tube
and that
in the
leveling bottle
is
then
or later,
when reading
volume of
can
correct
stopcock
two minutes. The difference
a
similar
manner,
the
tubes
several
hours,
or
drying
out
with
alcohol.
Formula
for
cleaning
fuid.
3
to
1.
Another
pull-
ing
it
consistency
it
should
the
glass
tubing
is
moistened
the
sample
tube
are
leaking.
Red
rubber
should
not
This
may
be
done
with
a
rubber
as
finely
as
sible.
and make
signifies
are 10 grams
of the substance
absorbing
bottle
a
1
per
duties of
a FLIGHT
equipment
for
daily, under the
IN
THE
SERVICE
for
the
longest
possible
the
Laboratory
Unit
should
be
this way
ing examination
semiann\ially,
five times.
to rest,
due to
data which may
in
the
once.
unfit
by
the
Flight
Surgeon
who
would
20,
or
geon,
14,
number
of
fatal
injuries
resulting
voluntarily
reported
for
advice
cent were
attempting to loop
directly traceable
other turning
by
the
Ruggles
Orientator.
by
Sur-
geon
arrived
at
the
remove
"
Surgeon: "If I
came
have
had
from
a
a
from
time
resumed flying
duty in
instance,
short
time
crashed
progressively
tion of an
symptoms
indicated
at
once
to
the
Flight
Surgeon
the
some
accidents
therefore
dis-
tinctly
eight
front
with
a
4-inch
belt
stretched
water supply for
sleep
; rem-
edied
edied
by
soft drinks
in order to get their
dinner
at
their
own
mess.
the only
sick call at 5.30
my
solo
carefully
of
both tem-
keeping our
cular and
teaching this by pre-
the physical
directors super-
it
has
proven
a
very
valuable
for more
broke out. These
had
learned
team
by
the
singing
of
vibrating
wires
and
the
hum
the
effect
to
work, it may
concerned. The
O.
K.,
of
physical
the correct
especially
in
the
southern
camps
during
calisthenics
train-
and
the
use
of
alcohol
in
any
Monday
morning.
Many
of
the
invited
b}^
to
give
the
boys
scientifically
prepared.
They become used to eating nourishing food and no trash. During
the Aveek-end
director
has
could
only
be
induced
to
realize
that
it
is
a
patriotic
be
soothing
and
quieting.
It
to
turn
been unable
one of thp
greatest exercises for
and
specialized
training
is
universally
aclaiowdedged.
an
individual
to
accustom
himself
bother him.
ance, and at
mental and
along
—
that. The
to
a
spinning nose dive.
and the
As
physical
condition,
in
order
to
take
this
work,
and
—
the
position
90
degrees
easier
for
the
Repeat
3
to
6
times.
12.
flying
and
for
20
hours
fl3^ing
Corps
"aces"
are
to prevent
summer.
The
athletic
train-
as this
which
is
of
great
importance.
Where
in
stunt
in
the
southern
be
maintained,
for
these directors who obtain
under them, engage
cadets and other offi-
the
ver}^
which
the
welfare
of
these
young
idea
better for the man to master
them
thoroughly,
been
completed,
it
general
fitness
to
enable
him
to
parade. All members
lightly against
the left
to
a
position
of
attention
close
to
throughout the exercises, this position is taken—as at the
completion
hind
the
figure 4.)
counting, circles of 12-inch
pivoting
from
the
shoulders.
circle,
the
arms
should
be
forced
be gone
the
normal
position.
four. (At crawl,
being lowered.)
pressed
one the
bending.
(Lift
heeis
12.)
See figure
three, four. (Then, as the leader counts one, two, three,
four,
a
complete
the other. The
at
the
word
place the left foot is carried off about 12 inches from
the
backward.
See
figure
14,
right arm
goes down
again
making
no
separate
movement,
two,
largely
mean the
of
our
relations
to
the
eye,
through
the
semicircular
to
our
environment.
After
the
travel out from
Through the
constant regulation
carry
retina
warn
in a
certain direction
to
compelled
to
depend
upon
we
feel
boring objects,
been
wont
to
the ship has been
upon those
impulses that
difficult
on
is a matter of
sluggishness,
but
there
are
of
an
emergency.
The
aloft
or
the
experienced
officer
alike.
be
able
those
impulses
are
constantly
will
affect
the
effi-
ciency
the
higher
brain
the
be
provided
the deliberate
concerned with the necessity
be
obtained
in
order
to
win
the
ficer.
This
officer
the mess
For
charge
camp for this
to
success,
we
First,
cially
a
squadron.
The
the
squadrons,
individuals. While they
still
is
a
fact
commissioned
officers'
mass
officers
clothing.
Since,
however,
the
it
would
close super-
the case
of the
of our
either
the
cadet,
flying
officer,
or
hospital
time
of
problems,
with
men-
tioned
above;
they
could
be
taught
what
we
mean
by
the
balanced
ration
and
encouragement
of
the
 
just
be
purchase
of
these
fresh
to know when to
frequently that inexperi-
quarter of beef condemned
returned
for
credit
—that
men
and
as
get the best
a
a
low
average
fair-sized
State.
More
plate
can
quite
evident
that
the
flier's
fliers
post
where
he
to
the
varying
needs
of
environment.
;
but
is
perfectly
happy,
though
he
has
to
maneuver,
etc.,
although
he
is
not
conscious
of
this
impairment.
(made of wood).
o. Strap clip
All
off on
to
to
apparent
illness,
not
tirely obviated
by the
as a
a
which,
starting
at
about
6,000
feet,
will revolve faster and faster as the machine rises in the air,
owing
and nose
to
We
have
exclusively,
height
of
20,000
feet:
this palpitation of
"
"
have had no
did
not
who
mission of the
your
enemy
comes?
Then
2.—
necessary.
From
the
reducing
valve
extends
of aner-
for
all
altitudes
up
which
is
fitted
the
is
replaced
by
a
attached
to
the
face
piled
These crates have been
Depot. With
the
necessary
screws
for
It
is
vitally
necessary
feet,
carburetor.
A
regulated
with
could
reached
25,000
was
that
it
sheer
order
out,
cross,
and
I
could
not
under-
had
affected
clouds
upon
I did
not see
started.
corrections
cent of
316
293,
294,
295,
296
Airplanes:
Interest in,
factor
^
C 37
14, 23
11
Ix)W
.» 26
Low
oxygen,
effect
of,
30
Oxygen,
all
Barometric pressure
on
205-220
Effect
of
physiology 208
to
121
Calisthenics,
flying
Deaf-mutes,
cities
37
Examining
units:
Intraocular
tension
285
Perception
of
motion
with
visit
to
84
Orientation,
methods
328,
329
Orientator,
otologic
apparatus
known
as,
used
processes
26
Low,
applicants established
146
355,
356,
357
Power to hold the breath
182
Pulse
rate
After
oxygen
186
95-135
."
364,
365
.,
test
in
the
air
as
on
the
ground.
of
254-256