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Writing theIntroduction

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INTRODUCTION Typically begins research

space by dwelling on thegeneral subject of interest.

Describes the current

situation, features andcharacteristics of that areaof study.

Presents signicant studiesdone in the past (literaturereview)

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N

What the presentstudy adds to hat isalready !non

Objecti"es #proble$s#hypotheses% inparagraph form.

Should not be verylengthy, at most two

pages.

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INTRODUCTIONThe Introduction

ansers the &uestions%What is the researchtopic? (AREA OFINTEREST)What were the fndings o

 previos athors whowor!ed on it? ("E#E$O%T&E 'A*RO+N")

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INTRODUCTIONThe Introduction ansers the

&uestions%What gap or need have ,oidentifed ro- previosresearches? (INTRO"+E T&E%RO'$E.)What do I e/pect to acco-p0ish(o12ectives) or prove

(h,pothesis)? (STATE T&E%+R%OSE AN" T&E RATIONA$E)

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One of the most eective ways of thin!ingabout a research paper introduction is theCreating a Research 'pace (C)R'* $odel,which was created by linguist "ohn Swales as away to help researcherswrite efective introductions.

 The model lays out a simple plan with threesteps (sometimes called #moves#) that, whenfollowed correctly, guarantee a concise,informative beginning to your paper.

http://www.bestcustomwriting.com/blog/essay-writing/how-to-write-an-essay-introductionhttp://www.bestcustomwriting.com/blog/essay-writing/how-to-write-an-essay-introduction

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$. The %&'S odel The Introduction section of research papers

typically follows a specic pattern

 This rhetorical pattern is referred to as thecreate*a*research*space (%&'S) odel

$n this model, the wor! of others and+or what

is !nown about the topic is primary and yourown wor! is secondary

 This is also called a bac!ground+foregroundrelationship

Source Swales and -ea! (//0) &cademic 1riting -or 2raduateStudents. &nn &rbor 3niversity of ichigan Press

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4 ovesThe C)R' $odel has + rhetorical $o"es%

• o"e -% 5stablishing a research territory

•

o"e .% 5stablishing a niche• o"e +% Occupying the niche

Source Swales and -ea! (//0) &cademic 1riting -or 2raduateStudents. &nn &rbor 3niversity of ichigan Press

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ove 6 5stablishing aresearch territorya/ sho that the general area isi$portant, proble$atic, or rele"ant inso$e ay (optional*

0anguage e1a$ples%'ecently, there has been a growing interest in7

 The development of 7is a classic problem in7

& central issue is7

 The relationship between7and7has beeninvestigated by many researchers

Source Swales and -ea! (//0) &cademic1riting -or 2raduate Students. &nn &rbor

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ove 6 5stablishing a

research territoryStart by simply e8plaining the general bac!ground

necessary to understand your wor!. 58plain whatterritory you9re going to be wor!ing in. 2ive the

reader a brief history of your topic, and brie:ye8plain how your topic ts within the largerframewor! of your eld. $t9s li!ely that your readerswill have some level of familiarity with your topic,

so don9t go overboard and try to e8plain too much. Thin! of this as a way to remind your reader aboutwhat is going on in your eld and to get themgeared up to tac!le the rest of your paper.

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ove 6 5stablishing aresearch territoryb/ introduce and re"ie ite$s ofpre"ious research in the area

(obligatory* The literature review can be organi;ed

6)

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ove 5stablishing aniche$ndicate a gap in the previous research, or e1tend 

previous !nowledge in some way (obligatory)

0anguage e1a$ples>owever, little information7(attention, wor!, data,

research, few studies, investigations, researchers,attempts)

 The research tended to focus on7 These studies have emphasi;ed,7as opposed to7

Source Swales and -ea! (//0) &cademic 1riting -or 2raduateStudents. &nn &rbor 3niversity of ichigan Press

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ove 5stablishing anicheDene a niche for yourself within your topic. The

world of research is big and comple8*now9s the

time to tell the reader how you t into that

framewor!. ?ou can point out a gap in the current research or

raise a new @uestion that no one has addressedyet.

 ?ou can point out contradictions and unresolvedissues in the current research or demonstrate

that your wor! is the ne8t logical step in the

research process.

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ove 5stablishing aniche$t9s also important when establishing your

niche that you stress why it9s important thatthis particular gap in the research be lled. $t9snot enough to simply point out that theresearch co0d  be doneA you also have to

e8plain hy it sho0d be done.

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ove 4 Occupying thenichea. outline purposes or state the nature of

present research (obligatory)

b. list research @uestions or hypothesis

c. announce principal ndings

d. state the value of the present research

e. indicate the structure of the research paper

Source Swales and -ea! (//0) &cademic 1riting -or 2raduateStudents. &nn &rbor 3niversity of ichigan Press

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ove 4 Occupying the

niche Tell the reader how you9re going to ll the nicheyou identied in Step B.

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PracticeC1ith a partner, please review the introduction

(from the handouts) and identify the 4 oves(and sub*moves).

1rite your answers on a separate sheet ofpaper.

 1rite the introduction of your research paper.

3nderline and label the 4 oves.

Source Swales and -ea! (//0) &cademic1riting -or 2raduate Students. &nn &rbor