Writing Conventions 10.1.1: Identify and correctly use clauses (e.g., main and subordinate), phrases

(e.g., gerund, infinitive, and participial), and mechanics of punctuation (e.g., semicolons, colons,

ellipses, hyphens).

Chapter 28: Use Clauses, Phrases and Punctuation

Chapter 28 VocabularyPlease take out your Reader’s/Writer’s Journal and open to a new page with the above title.

You are going to take down the following notes to help you with the WRITING CONVENTIONS portion of the CaHSEE.

Clauses first….

Clause: a group of words that contain a subject and a verb.

Main or Independent Clause: expresses a complete thought; can stand by itself as a sentence or can be linked to another clause. Example: Many people collect

stamps.Dependent or Subordinate

Clause: cannot stand by itself; must be linked to an independent clause. Example: Many people collect stamps,

but few have a collective as extensive as Sam’s.

Chapter 28 Vocabulary

WRITING CONVENTIONS continued –

Phrases next….

Phrase: a group of words that do not contain both a subject and a verb. It is usually a single part of speech. Three types are gerund, participial and infinitive.

Gerund: a verb form ending in –ing that is used as a noun. Gerund Phrase is gerund + modifiers. Example: Calling on others for help is no

disgrace. Participle: a verb from that is used as an

adjective. Usually ends in –ing, -ed, or en. Participial Phrase is participle + modifiers. Example: Waiting for the right moment, the

batter swung and hit. Infinitive: a verb form that can be used

as a noun, an adjective or an adverb. Usually begins with the word to. Infinitive Phrase is infinitive + modifiers. Example: To break the genetic code would be a

milestone in scientific research.

Chapter 28 Vocabulary

WRITING CONVENTIONS continued –

Four punctuation marks will help you write long, complex sentences….

Semicolon: used between independent clauses that are not connected with a conjunction such as for, and, but, or, yet or so. Example: We wanted to work; they wanted to

play. Colon: used between independent

clauses when the second clause explains the first. Example: Hernando was on the road to

stardom: he had won the contest and gained a movie contract.

Ellipses: used to show that something has been omitted. Example: After the ceremony, the newspaper

quoted track star Carrie Norris as saying, “If I had a chance to do it all over again…I would!”

Hyphen: used to connect words in a compound adjective that come before the word it modifies (Do not use if first modifier ends in –ly.) Example: This award-winning folksinger is a

world-renowned star. She is a widely respected star.

READ THE SELECTION ENTITLED “SANDRA CISNEROS AND ME” ON PAGE 201. ANSWER THE

GUIDED QUESTIONS.

DON’T FORGET TO WRITE YOUR ANSWERS IN COMPLETE SENTENCES. FOR EXAMPLE:

THE WRITER IMPROVED THE FIRST THREE SENTENCES BY ______________________.

“Sandra Cisneros and Me” Guided Questions

EDIT THE FIRST DRAFT OF THE ESSAY (HANDOUT). LOOK FOR OPPORTUNITIES TO COMBINE

SENTENCES USING PHRASES AND CLAUSES.

CORRECT ANY AND ALL ERRORS.

“Eldorado” Error Correction

Chapter 28: Use Clauses, Phrases and Punctuation

Assessment Practice

Chapter 28: Use Clauses, Phrases and Punctuation

Assessment Practice

Reader's/Writer's Journal Title: Unit 5 Building Stamina

Reader's/Writer's Journal Title: Unit 5 Building Stamina

Do not write on handout. Write answers in RWJ, stating WHY you picked the answer based on TEXTUAL EVIDENCE.

Do not write on handout. Write answers in RWJ, stating WHY you picked the answer based on TEXTUAL EVIDENCE.

Unit 5: Writing Conventions

And yes, there will be sharing!And yes, there will be sharing!