Wrapped rsa cryptography check on window

International Journal of Computer Engineering and Technology (IJCET), ISSN 0976 –

6367(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6375(Online) Volume 3, Issue 3, October-December (2012), © IAEME

291

WRAPPED RSA CRYPTOGRAPHY CHECK ON WINDOW

EXECUTABLE USING RECONFIGURABLE HARDWARE

Rahul Jassal1

1(Department of Computer Science & Applications, P.U.S.S.G.R.C/ Panjab University, Hoshiarpur, India, [email protected])

ABSTRACT

The paper presents secure system RSA cryptography model using FPGA based hardware dongle to prevent from extracting secret information about the software. Half side of the simulation is executing on hardware side and a further result is decrypted software side. RSA calculation architecture is proposed for FPGA that addresses the issues of scalability, flexible performance of public key crypto systems. Keywords: - Finite field architecture, Moxa_usbcable, RSA algorithm, Virtex FPGA, Encryption Simulation

I. INTRODUCTION

Data transmit over wireless network is in the air and not curbed to any wire. Due to this it is effortless for a hacker to nose around into the information that is being transferred over the wireless network. To prevent this there is a necessitate to encrypt the data in a way that it can only be deciphered by someone who has the decryption key. While most of this so called. Malicious code exploits holes in the operating system, we as humans are party to blame. All antivirus and security suites do is offer that additional layer of prevention. If we were clever enough to avoid all the evident threats by not clicking on that very oddly named.exe file or executing that mail attachment, we wouldn’t need a security suite, would we? It is widely known that security issues play a crucial role in the majority of computer and communication systems [1]. An innermost tool for achieving software protection is Cryptography. Cryptography algorithms are most proficiently implemented in routine hardware than in software running on general purpose processors. Hardware implementations are of tremendous value in case of high performance, security and active systems. Traditional ASIC solutions have the well known drawback of reduced flexibility compared to software solutions. 1.1 LEGITIMATE VS. PIRATED MARKET Globally, businesses and consumers will spend more than $300 billion on PC software over the next four years, according to IDC estimates

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING

& TECHNOLOGY (IJCET) ISSN 0976 – 6367(Print) ISSN 0976 – 6375(Online) Volume 3, Issue 3, October - December (2012), pp. 291-299 © IAEME: www.iaeme.com/ijcet.asp Journal Impact Factor (2012): 3.9580 (Calculated by GISI) www.jifactor.com

IJCET

© I A E M E

International Journal of Computer Engineering and Technology (IJCET), ISSN 0976

6367(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6375(Online) Volume 3, Issue 3, October

1. Given the current piracy rates, IDC predicts that, during thalmost $200 billion worth of software will be pirated.

Since up-to-the-minute security protocols are ever more becoming algorithm autonomous, a

high degree of elasticity with respect to the cryptogra

protection degrees of all the techniques are based on hardness of arithmetic problems. A

capable solution which combines high flexibility with the speed and physical security of

traditional hardware is the implementation of

devices such as FPGAs [2]. FPGAs are hardware devices whose purpose is not fixed and

which can be programmed in-system. An FPGA accomplishment can be merely upgraded to

add in any set of rules changes without the

design, fabrication and testing required in case of ASICs

2.0 FPGA PROGRAMMING

Both the layers for hardware and software is not compromised to make the system rigid from extracting secret information, more ever an attack is underway. Here in the diagram the flowchart is shown for hardware side FPGA accepts input message with encrypt keys which is synchronized with clock and further handover to module for speed up execution and this in continuation is repeated for getting equivalent cipher text and the closing figure depicts pin used for this dongle. The Figure 3 shown here is a Xilinx operated Spartan3 kit where the bit file is tuned [6].


6375(Online) Volume 3, Issue 3, October-December (2012), © IAEME

292

Given the current piracy rates, IDC predicts that, during the same fouralmost $200 billion worth of software will be pirated.

minute security protocols are ever more becoming algorithm autonomous, a

high degree of elasticity with respect to the cryptography algorithms is desirable. The



traditional hardware is the implementation of cryptographic algorithms on reconfigurable


system. An FPGA accomplishment can be merely upgraded to

add in any set of rules changes without the need for pricey and time consuming physical

design, fabrication and testing required in case of ASICs

Both the layers for hardware and software is not compromised to make the system rigid from extracting secret information, more ever for ideal software it is extremely hard to detect that an attack is underway. Here in the diagram the flowchart is shown for hardware side FPGA accepts input message with encrypt keys which is synchronized with clock and further

d up execution and this in continuation is repeated for getting equivalent cipher text and the closing figure depicts pin used for this dongle. The Figure 3 shown here is a Xilinx operated Spartan3 kit where the bit file is tuned [6].


December (2012), © IAEME

e same four-year period,

minute security protocols are ever more becoming algorithm autonomous, a

phy algorithms is desirable. The



cryptographic algorithms on reconfigurable


system. An FPGA accomplishment can be merely upgraded to

need for pricey and time consuming physical

Both the layers for hardware and software is not compromised to make the system rigid from for ideal software it is extremely hard to detect that

an attack is underway. Here in the diagram the flowchart is shown for hardware side FPGA accepts input message with encrypt keys which is synchronized with clock and further

d up execution and this in continuation is repeated for getting equivalent cipher text and the closing figure depicts pin used for this dongle. The Figure 3



The 8 bit on display is tuned for cipher text. The following properties for this FPGA is as follows Product Category: - ALL, Family:

Speed: - 4, Top level Source Type:

Whenever there is question of securing or authenticating secret data on a public

communication network this public key cryptography is extensively used. When deployed

with sufficiently long keys, these algorithms are believed to be unbreakable. For secure

communications among high performance computers that required elevated confidentiality

guarantees the strong cryptographic algorithms were first introduced. Now, advances in

semiconductor technology and hardware design have made it promising to execute these

algorithms in sound time even on user systems, thus enabling the mass

built encryption to ensure privacy and authenticity of individuals’ personal communications.

Consequently, this transition has enabled the proliferation of a variety of secur

such as online banking and shopping. Examples of consumer electronics devices that

routinely rely on high-performance public key cryptography are Blu

phones, and ultra-portable devices.



293

isplay is tuned for cipher text. The following properties for this FPGA is as

ALL, Family: - Spartan3, Device: - XC3S200, Package: - FT256

4, Top level Source Type: - HDL, Synthesis Tool: - XST (VHDL/Verilog)

here is question of securing or authenticating secret data on a public



ions among high performance computers that required elevated confidentiality



hms in sound time even on user systems, thus enabling the mass-market use of well


Consequently, this transition has enabled the proliferation of a variety of secur


performance public key cryptography are Blu-ray players, smart

portable devices.



isplay is tuned for cipher text. The following properties for this FPGA is as

FT256

XST (VHDL/Verilog)

here is question of securing or authenticating secret data on a public



ions among high performance computers that required elevated confidentiality



market use of well-


Consequently, this transition has enabled the proliferation of a variety of secure services,


ray players, smart



294

In addition, low cost cryptographic engines are mainstream components in laptops, servers

and personal computers. A key requirement for all these hardware devices is that they must

be affordable. As a result, they commonly implement a straightforward design architecture

that entails a small silicon footprint and low-power profile.

3.0 METHODS OF PROTECTING SOFTWARE � Usage of specially coated key diskettes and CDs, passwords and registration numbers � Dependence on the Unique Computer Features � Software-and-Hardware Protection Based on Dongles � Cryptography with dongle protection

3.1 DONGLE/HARDWARE KEY � Modern dongles include built-in strong encryption and use fabrication techniques

designed to thwart reverse engineering � Typical dongles also now contain non volatile memory — key parts of the software

may actually be stored on the dongle � However, security researchers warn that dongles still do not solve the trusted client

problem 3.2 Design Methodology The general design cycle for this work consisted of the following steps:

� Implementation of RSA encryption algorithm on Java and VB.NET. � Implementation of AES encryption algorithm on Java platform. � Implementation of RSA Decryption algorithm in VHDL for FPGA (dongle)

programming. � Implementation of AES Decryption algorithm in VHDL for FPGA (dongle)

programming. � Serial and USB interface between computer and FPGA (dongle) using UART and

USB Protocol in VHDL, VB.NET and Java. � Software testing using GUI interface in Java and VB.NET. � On line (WEB based) software testing in VB.NET.

3.2.1 Hardware and Software Tools used

Software Tools: � Xilinx ISE and MODELSIM software for FPGA Programming � JCreator and jdk1.6 for java platform � VB.NET and SQL server � MOXA USB cable drivers

Hardware Tools: � VIRTEX 4 (XC4VFX12) FPGA kit � SPARTAN 3 (XC3S200) FPGA kit � MOXA USB cable for USB interface � RS232 serial cable for serial interface � JTAG downloading cable

3.2.2 Serial and USB interface between PC and FPGA (dongle):

� UART Protocol: Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter � RS 232 connector : For Serial interfacing � MOXA USB 2.0 cable : for USB interfacing � Rivest, Shamir and Adleman (1977): use modular arithmetic � Setting up by user A[5]: -

� Find two “large” primes, pA and qA



� Compute nA = pA

� Compute ϕ(nA)= (p

� Find an exponent eA such that (eA,

� Find dA such that dA� Publish nA and eA

� Encryption: EA(M) = MeA

� Decryption: DA(C) = CdA

4.0 DESIGN INTERFACE

This is the very first screen designed for testing the interface the interfacing port might

unused port or user can go for new port for the communication, the initiate hardware button

uploads the bit file into the spartan3 kit with the specified parameters required for

communication. For testing purpose user declared a Random number class

value between a certain limit and first and second value reserved for any 2 keys values for

this RSA implementation, As soon as focus changes to encrypted text box the encrypt and

decrypted data is shown in respective boxes. The small thre

colors each time the user switches to next level the color of the boxes changes to red green

yellow. So for public key authentication the module sends a unique message m to a server

that is this time our machine which sig

the digital signatures s, the user can authenticate the identity of server using (n, e) for

verification that s will produce the original message.

4.1 RSA Introduced

Since RSA, was introduced in 1977, ansound communication channels and for authenticating the identity of service providers over insecure communication mediums. In the authentication scheme, the server implements public key authentication with cprivate key, thus creating what is called a to the client, which verifies it using the server’s known public key The procedure for implementing public key authentication requires the construction of a suitable pair of public key (n, e) and private key (n, d). Here n is the product of two distinct big prime numbers, and e and d are computed such that, for any given message m, the following identi_ (md)e mod n _(me)d mod n. To authenticate a message m, the server attaches a signature s



295

Compute nA = pA×qA

(nA)= (p-1)A x (q-1)A

Find an exponent eA such that (eA, ϕ(nA)) = 1

Find dA such that dA×eA ≡ 1 (mod ϕ(nA)) Publish nA and eA

Encryption: EA(M) = MeA ≡ C (mod nA)

Decryption: DA(C) = CdA ≡ M (mod nA)

This is the very first screen designed for testing the interface the interfacing port might



communication. For testing purpose user declared a Random number class in .NET for any



decrypted data is shown in respective boxes. The small three text boxes is of three different



that is this time our machine which signs it with some private key say k and upon receiving


verification that s will produce the original message.

Since RSA, was introduced in 1977, and has been widely used for establishing safe and sound communication channels and for authenticating the identity of service providers over insecure communication mediums. In the authentication scheme, the server implements

with clients by signing a unique message from the client with its private key, thus creating what is called a digital signature [4]. The signature is then returned to the client, which verifies it using the server’s known public key The procedure for

g public key authentication requires the construction of a suitable pair of public key (n, e) and private key (n, d). Here n is the product of two distinct big prime numbers, and e and d are computed such that, for any given message m, the following identity holds true: m _ (md)e mod n _(me)d mod n. To authenticate a message m, the server attaches a signature s



This is the very first screen designed for testing the interface the interfacing port might be any



in .NET for any



e text boxes is of three different



ns it with some private key say k and upon receiving


d has been widely used for establishing safe and sound communication channels and for authenticating the identity of service providers over insecure communication mediums. In the authentication scheme, the server implements

lients by signing a unique message from the client with its . The signature is then returned

to the client, which verifies it using the server’s known public key The procedure for g public key authentication requires the construction of a suitable pair of public

key (n, e) and private key (n, d). Here n is the product of two distinct big prime numbers, and ty holds true: m

_ (md)e mod n _(me)d mod n. To authenticate a message m, the server attaches a signature s



to the original message and transmits the pair. The server generates s from m using its private key with the following computation: s _ md mod n. Anassociated with the server can then verify that the message m and its signature s were authentic by checking that: m _ se mod n. 4.2 Flowchart

4.3 Working and Architecture The RSA class inside .NET module is wrapped with FPGinitialized with the required parameters as specified in bit file and data get uploaded, next is to maintain a dongle check if dongle is already connected then user checks for any process is running on the shell side and if some process is running we kill the process and this all done under the umbrella of XML. And, suppose that if dongle is not connected again it goes for RSA layer and through classes of Serial Port, a check is maintained through RTS and CTS for presence of the dongle, next while the process status in Task Manager is checked if any of the process that user wants to shoot is there or its entry is already there in database the .NET module kill the process otherwise the entry with new name is saved into the datacan make a list of some processes that he/she want to kept into the database and make them restrict on dongle bases 4.4 RSA BASED THRESHOLD CRYPTOGRAPHY (RSA

RSA is a highly secure, public key encryption algorithm which uses a public key key to encrypt and decrypt a message. In public crypto systems there are two different keys: a public key that is released publicly so anyone can find it, and a private key is the one that is kept secret. The public key is used to encrypt the mit. It is very difficult to find out what private key is used for a public key.



296

to the original message and transmits the pair. The server generates s from m using its private key with the following computation: s _ md mod n. Anyone who knows the public key associated with the server can then verify that the message m and its signature s were authentic by checking that: m _ se mod n.

The RSA class inside .NET module is wrapped with FPGA programming. Spartan3 kit get initialized with the required parameters as specified in bit file and data get uploaded, next is to maintain a dongle check if dongle is already connected then user checks for any process is

some process is running we kill the process and this all done under the umbrella of XML. And, suppose that if dongle is not connected again it goes for RSA layer and through classes of Serial Port, a check is maintained through RTS and CTS

the dongle, next while the process status in Task Manager is checked if any of the process that user wants to shoot is there or its entry is already there in database the .NET module kill the process otherwise the entry with new name is saved into the datacan make a list of some processes that he/she want to kept into the database and make them

4.4 RSA BASED THRESHOLD CRYPTOGRAPHY (RSA-TC)

RSA is a highly secure, public key encryption algorithm which uses a public key a message. In public crypto systems there are two different keys: a

public key that is released publicly so anyone can find it, and a private key is the one that is kept secret. The public key is used to encrypt the message, and private key is used to decrypt it. It is very difficult to find out what private key is used for a public key.



to the original message and transmits the pair. The server generates s from m using its private yone who knows the public key

associated with the server can then verify that the message m and its signature s were

A programming. Spartan3 kit get initialized with the required parameters as specified in bit file and data get uploaded, next is to maintain a dongle check if dongle is already connected then user checks for any process is

some process is running we kill the process and this all done under the umbrella of XML. And, suppose that if dongle is not connected again it goes for RSA layer and through classes of Serial Port, a check is maintained through RTS and CTS

the dongle, next while the process status in Task Manager is checked if any of the process that user wants to shoot is there or its entry is already there in database the .NET module kill the process otherwise the entry with new name is saved into the database. User can make a list of some processes that he/she want to kept into the database and make them

RSA is a highly secure, public key encryption algorithm which uses a public key and private a message. In public crypto systems there are two different keys: a

public key that is released publicly so anyone can find it, and a private key is the one that is essage, and private key is used to decrypt



297

4.5 RSA ENCRYPTION RESULT

In this paper an RSA calculation architecture is proposed for FPGAs that addresses the issues

of scalability, flexible performance, and silicon efficiency for the hardware acceleration of

Public Key crypto systems. Using techniques based around Montgomery math for

exponentiation, the proposed RSA calculation architecture is compared to existing FPGA-

based solutions for speed, FPGA utilisation, and scalability[3].

4.6 PARITY AND IMPLEMENTATION CHECK

SerialPort1.PortName = "COM3" SerialPort1.BaudRate = 9600 SerialPort1.Parity = Ports.Parity.None SerialPort1.DataBits = 8

Dim Flag As Boolean Dim Reg As Integer = 1 SerialPort1.RtsEnable = True Try SerialPort1.Open() Flag = SerialPort1.CtsHolding If Flag = False Then SerialPort1.Close() Response.Redirect("Default.aspx") End If Catch ex As Exception SerialPort1.Close()



298

End Try If (phi Mod cnt <> 0) Then flag = 0 carry = lcm(cnt, phi) gcd1 = cnt * phi / carry d = Dcomponent(cnt, phi) encript = System.Math.Pow(Double.Parse(carry1), 7) Mod n Dim signfEncpt = encript Dim dcompnt As Double While ((7 * dcompnt) Mod phi <> 1) dcompnt = dcompnt + 1 End While Txt_FChk2 = dcompnt Dim arr(1) As Byte arr(0) = Byte.Parse(encript) SerialPort1.Write(arr, 0, arr.Length) Dim decript_byte As Byte decript_byte = SerialPort1.ReadByte 'SerialPort1.Close() Dim rand_no As Double = Double.Parse(carry1) Txt_FChk2 = decript_byte Dim signop As Integer = Double.Parse(carry1) signum = parity_chk(decript_byte, signop) parity = shared_chk(decript_byte, signum) 'SerialPort1.Close() Return parity Boredum(parity) 5.0 CONCLUSION

This is one way out for wrapping RSA layer using .NET using hardware Spartan3 kit on a window based application. One can make restrict some applications with their Process Id’s entry into the database with the help of dongle. One can embed such initiators with any web based applications or games for let them stop for execution until and unless user withdraws dongle check.

REFERENCES

[1] William Stallings ,“Cryptography and Network Security, Principles and practices”

Edition 3d, Pearson Education

[2] M.K. Hani, H.Y.Wen, A.Paniandi, “Design and implementation of Private and Public

key Crypto processor for next generation IT Security applications”, Malaysian journal of

computer Science, vol.19 (1), 2006

[3] P. Montgomery, “Modular multiplication without trial division, “Mathematics of

Computation, No.44, pp.519-521,1985.



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[4]A. Menezes, P.Van Oorschot, and S.Vanstone, “Handbook of applied Cryptography”,

CRC Press, 1996

[5] R. J. Hwang, F.F.Su, Y.S.Yeh, C.Y. Chen,” An Efficient Decryption Method for RSA

Cryptosystem”, Proceedings of 19th international conference on Advanced Information

networking and Applications, 2005

[6] M. McLoone and J. V. McCanny, “Rijndael FPGA implementation utilizing look-up

tables,” in IEEEWorkshop on Signal Processing Systems, Sept. 2001, pp. 349–360.

[7] Daniel Cazzulino, ”Web Programming using VB.NET”

[8] Ganelon, “Visual Basic . Net Black Book”

[9] www.codeworks.it/net/VBNetRs232.htm

[10] msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/a9910312.aspx

[11] www.learnasp.com/freebook/learn/cs_dbtable.aspx

[12] AES page available via http://www.nist.gov/CryptoToolkit.

[13] Computer Security Objects Register (CSOR): http://csrc.nist.gov/csor/.[19] For

javax.comm package: http://www.stanford.edu/~bsuter/javax.comm-v2 win32.zip[20] R.

Rivest, A. Shamir, L. Adleman. A Method for Obtaining Digital Signatures andPublic-Key

Cryptosystems. Communications of the ACM, Vol. 21 (2), pp.120–126.1978. Previously

released as an MIT "Technical Memo" in April 1977. Initial Publication of the RSA scheme

AUTHORS PROFILE

Rahul Jassal is working as Assistant Professor in Department of Computer

Science & Application, Panjab University Regional Centre, Hoshiarpur,

India. He received Master of Computer Application in year 2007 and clear

the UGC-NET examination for subject “Computer Science & Application in

the same year. He is with the post from last 5 years.

Wrapped rsa cryptography check on window

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