WR-10X - USP...WR-10X System Manual Document code: ELDES OM-12704-03-02 Proprietary Information Page...

WR-10X

System Manual

Document code:

OM-12704-03-02

The copyright in this document is the property of Eldes.

The document is supplied by Eldes on the express understanding that it is to be treated as

confidential and that it may not be copied, used or disclosed to others in whole or in part for any

purpose except as authorized in writing by Eldes.

Eldes s.r.l.

Via Di Porto 2/b 50018 Scandicci (FI)

ITALY

WR-10X System Manual

Document code: ELDES

OM-12704-03-02 Proprietary Information Page 1 of 57

Revisions record sheet

WR-10X

System Manual

Document code: OM-12704-03-02

Date Main changes Rev.

April 2013 First issue Rev.01

25/11/2013 Added more information 02

12/03/2014

Modified the System composition. Added chap. 1.5.2 Recommendations, chap. 1.5.2.1 Protection description, chap 2.1.3 External Power Supply Panel.

03

List of Acronyms

Acronym Meaning

MOS Mosaic

FTP File Transfer Protocol

Opt. Optional

P/N Part/Number

PC Personal Computer

S/N Serial/Number

UPS Uninterruptible Power Supply

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Page 2 of 57 Proprietary Information OM-12704-03-02

Summary

1. GENERAL INFORMATION AND SAFETY PRECAUTION .......................................................................... 5

1.1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................... 5

1.2 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION AND COMPOSITION ............................................................................... 5

1.2.1 System composition ..................................................................................................................... 6

1.3 WR-10X SYSTEM VERSIONS AND OPTIONS ............................................................................. 8

1.4 TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND SYSTEM PERFORMANCE .................................................. 11

1.5 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS......................................................................................................... 12

1.5.1 Safety indications ....................................................................................................................... 12 1.5.2 Recommendations ..................................................................................................................... 13

1.5.2.1 Protection description ........................................................................................................ 13 1.5.3 Safety recommendations collection ............................................................................................ 13

2. FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION .......................................................................................................... 14

2.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................... 14

2.1.1 Radar Unit .................................................................................................................................. 17 2.1.1.1 Scanner ............................................................................................................................. 18 2.1.1.2 Remote Control and Interconnection Bar........................................................................... 23 2.1.1.3 Inclinometer ....................................................................................................................... 24 2.1.1.4 Power Supply Unit ............................................................................................................. 25

2.1.2 Power Supply Panel ................................................................................................................... 26 2.1.3 External Power Supply Panel ..................................................................................................... 26 2.1.4 PC Server ................................................................................................................................... 27 2.1.5 RS232/485 Converter ................................................................................................................. 27 2.1.6 UPS ............................................................................................................................................ 28

2.2 SYSTEM PRODUCTS OVERVIEW ............................................................................................ 29

2.2.1 PPI (Plan Position Indicator) and RHI (Range Height Indicator) ................................................. 31 2.2.2 VMI (Vertical Maximum Indicator) HVMI (Horizontal Vertical Maximum Indicator) and EchoVMI (Height of Vertical Maximum Indicator) .................................................................................................... 32 2.2.3 LBM (Lowest Bin Map) and Echo LBM (Height of LBM) ............................................................. 35 2.2.4 VIL (Vertically Integrated Liquid) and VIL Density ...................................................................... 37 2.2.5 CAPPI (Constant Altitude Plan Position Indicator) ..................................................................... 39 2.2.6 VCUT (Vertical CUT) .................................................................................................................. 41 2.2.7 VPR (Vertical Profile of Reflectivity) ........................................................................................... 43 2.2.8 SRI (Surface Rain Intensity) and SRT (Surface Rainfall Total) .................................................. 45 2.2.9 NOWCASTING ........................................................................................................................... 46

2.3 MAIN FEATURES .................................................................................................................. 47

3. OPERATIVITY .............................................................................................................................. 48

3.1 FOREWORD ........................................................................................................................ 48

3.2 SYSTEM PARTS LOCATION .................................................................................................... 48

3.3 CONTROL AND INDICATORS .................................................................................................. 49

3.4 SYSTEM OPERATION ............................................................................................................ 52

3.5 SYSTEM POWER ON/OFF ...................................................................................................... 52

3.5.1 System powering on/off standard procedure .............................................................................. 52 3.5.2 System powering on/off procedure by Remote Control .............................................................. 52




3.6 SYSTEM RESET .................................................................................................................. 54

3.6.1 System reset standard procedure............................................................................................... 54 3.6.2 System reset procedure by Remote Control ............................................................................... 54

4. INSTALLATION ............................................................................................................................. 55

5. MAINTENANCE ............................................................................................................................ 55

List of Figures

FIG. 1-1 WR-10X SYSTEM.................................................................................................................... 6 FIG. 1-2 WR-10X SYSTEM COMPOSITION .............................................................................................. 7 FIG. 2-1 WR-10X ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS GENERAL DIAGRAM ......................................................... 15 FIG. 2-2 RADAR UNIT .......................................................................................................................... 17 FIG. 2-3 SCANNER (UPPER SECTION) ................................................................................................... 18 FIG. 2-4 SCANNER (LOWER SECTION) .................................................................................................. 18 FIG. 2-5 SCANNER SUB-PARTS (UPPER SECTION) ................................................................................. 19 FIG. 2-6 PROCESSOR BOARDS ............................................................................................................ 20 FIG. 2-7 ELEVATION MOTOR AND GEARBOX ......................................................................................... 20 FIG. 2-8 AZIMUTH MOTOR AND GEARBOX ............................................................................................ 21 FIG. 2-9 TTL-RS422 CONVERTER AND RS 232-485 CONVERTER ........................................................ 21 FIG. 2-10 AZIMUTH POWER DRIVER..................................................................................................... 22 FIG. 2-11 ELEVATION POWER DRIVER ................................................................................................. 22 FIG. 2-12 SLIP RING ........................................................................................................................... 23 FIG. 2-13 REMOTE CONTROL .............................................................................................................. 23 FIG. 2-14 INTERCONNECTION BAR ....................................................................................................... 24 FIG. 2-15 INCLINOMETER .................................................................................................................... 24 FIG. 2-16 WATER LEVEL ..................................................................................................................... 25 FIG. 2-17 POWER SUPPLY UNIT .......................................................................................................... 25 FIG. 2-18 POWER SUPPLY PANEL ....................................................................................................... 26 FIG. 2-19 EXTERNAL POWER SUPPLY PANEL ....................................................................................... 26 FIG. 2-20 PC SERVER ........................................................................................................................ 27 FIG. 2-21 RS232/485 CONVERTER ..................................................................................................... 27 FIG. 2-22 UPS ................................................................................................................................... 28 FIG. 2-23 CONICAL SCANS OF RADAR VOLUME .................................................................................... 29 FIG. 2-24 SECTION OF THE RADAR VOLUME .......................................................................................... 29 FIG. 2-25 SECTION OF RADAR VOLUME WITH AN EXAMPLE OF REFLECTIVITY BIN VALUES ......................... 30 FIG. 2-26 PPI PRODUCT DESCRIPTION AND AN EXAMPLE OF IMAGE ........................................................ 31 FIG. 2-27 RHI PRODUCT DESCRIPTION AND AN EXAMPLE OF IMAGE ....................................................... 32 FIG. 2-28 VMI PRODUCT DESCRIPTION ................................................................................................ 32 FIG. 2-29 VMI PRODUCT (LEFT PANEL) AND HVMI PRODUCT (RIGHT PANEL) EXAMPLE IMAGES ............... 33 FIG. 2-30 ECHO VMI PRODUCT DESCRIPTION AND AN EXAMPLE OF IMAGE ............................................. 34 FIG. 2-31 LBM PRODUCT DESCRIPTION AND AN EXAMPLE OF IMAGE ...................................................... 35 FIG. 2-32 ECHO LBM PRODUCT DESCRIPTION AND AN EXAMPLE OF IMAGE ............................................ 36 FIG. 2-33 VIL PRODUCT DESCRIPTION AND USED VALUES FOR VIL4 CALCULATION ................................. 37 FIG. 2-34 VIL PRODUCT FOR STRATIFORM (LEFT PANEL) AND CONVECTIVE (RIGHT PANEL) EVENTS ......... 38 FIG. 2-35 VIL DENSITY PRODUCT FOR STRATIFORM (LEFT PANEL) AND CONVECTIVE (RIGHT PANEL) EVENTS

.................................................................................................................................................. 39 FIG. 2-36 CAPPI ILLUSTRATION .......................................................................................................... 40 FIG. 2-37 PSEUDO CAPPI ILLUSTRATION ............................................................................................ 40 FIG. 2-38 CAPPI PRODUCT DESCRIPTION AND AN EXAMPLE OF IMAGE ................................................... 41 FIG. 2-39 VCUT PRODUCT DESCRIPTION AND AN EXAMPLE OF IMAGE .................................................... 42 FIG. 2-40 VPR PRODUCT DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................... 43 FIG. 2-41 EXAMPLE OF VPR IMAGE FOR STRATIFORM AND CONVECTIVE PRECIPITATION ......................... 44 FIG. 2-42 INSTANTANEOUS (LEFT PANEL) AND 3 HOURS ACCUMULATED (RIGHT PANEL) PRECIPITATION.... 45

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FIG. 2-43 NOWCASTING TECHNIQUES TAKE A TEMPORAL SEQUENCE OF RADAR MAPS AND PROPAGATES

THE LAST AVAILABLE ONE IN THE FUTURE ...................................................................................... 46 FIG. 2-44 GRAPHICAL DESCRIPTION OF BASICS OF SPARE ALGORITHM ................................................. 46 FIG. 2-45 TWO NOWCASTED IMAGES AN ONE INITIALIZATION IMAGE ........................................................ 47 FIG. 3-1 MAINS DISTRIBUTION SCHEME ................................................................................................. 48 FIG. 3-2 WR-10X SYSTEM SCHEME ..................................................................................................... 50 FIG. 3-3 MAPS VIEWER INTERFACE WINDOW ......................................................................................... 53 FIG. 3-4 SYSTEM PAGE OF PLANT VIEWER WINDOW ............................................................................. 53 FIG. 3-5 CONTROLS PAGE OF PLANT VIEWER WINDOW ......................................................................... 54

List of Tables

TAB. 1-1 COMMON CHARACTERISTICS .................................................................................................... 8 TAB. 1-2 SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS .................................................................................................... 8 TAB. 1-3 SOFTWARE PRODUCTS ............................................................................................................ 9 TAB. 1-4 RADAR VERSIONS AND AVAILABLE PRODUCTS ......................................................................... 10 TAB. 1-5 TRANSCEIVER TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS .......................................................................... 11 TAB. 1-6 ANTENNA TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS ................................................................................ 11 TAB. 1-7 PROCESSOR TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS ............................................................................ 12 TAB. 1-8 DISPLAY AND CONTROL CHARACTERISTICS ............................................................................. 12 TAB. 1-9 DIMENSIONS AND WEIGHT ...................................................................................................... 12




1. General information and safety precaution

1.1 Introduction

This System Manual is referred to a general purpose WR-10X radar system. The complete manuals collection, related to the WR-10X system, is:

System Manual;

Server Operative Manual;

Client Operative Manual;

Installation Manual;

Service Manual;

PPI Manual;

RHI Manual;

MOS product generator Manual;

BUFR Encoder Configurator Manual;

HDF5 Encoder Configurator Manual;

CAPPI Operative Manual;

EchoLBM Operative Manual;

EchoVMI Operative Manual;

HVMI Operative Manual;

LBM Operative Manual;

NOWCASTING Operative Manual;

SRI Operative Manual;

SRT Operative Manual;

VCUT Operative Manual;

VIL Operative Manual;

VILDensity Operative Manual;

VMI Operative Manual;

VPR Operative Manual.

1.2 System description and composition

The WR-10X radar is a weather radar operating in X band. The system is composed by:

Radar scanner

PC Server

PC Client (opt.)

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The PC Server is located near the radar and it is used for maintenance purposes and to configure the radar; in case of PC Client (optional) not supplied, the PC Server carries out also the Client functions. The Server is connected to the radar through the RS232 serial line (control channel) and the synchronous RS422 serial line (data channel). The PC Server is also provided with a LAN connection used as local communication channel to the internal remote control unit and during the maintenance procedures. Data transfer to the PCs Client is based on the FTP protocol. The PC Client is optional, it is typically located in a remote site and it is used to generate products and to display the system configurations used by the PC Server. If two PC Clients are installed, a PC Client works as master, the other as slave. If several PC Clients are installed, then a PC Client works as master, the others as slave; until six PC can be installed as Client (N. 1 Master + N. 5 Slaves).

The scheme related to a WR-10X possible configuration is shown in

Fig. 1-1.

Fig. 1-1 WR-10X System

1.2.1 System composition

The WR-10X System composition is organized in levels, according to a tree structure. Several WR-10X System configurations are available. An example of System composition is shown in Fig. 1-2; one or more items of the composition can be different (or absent) according to the owned WR-10X System configuration.




Fig. 1-2 WR-10X System composition

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1.3 WR-10X System versions and options

The WR-10X System is available in the following versions:

WR-10X-B;

WR-10X-B-CE.

The common characteristics for all the versions are reported in Tab. 1-1.

Tab. 1-1 Common characteristics

Characteristic Value

Radar type Weather

Band X

Transmitter power 10 kW

Power supply 230 Vac, @ 50/60 Hz

Operative temperature 0°C ÷ +40°C (optional heater and cooler available upon request for extended ranges)

The specific characteristics, related to each available radar version, are detailed in Tab. 1-2.

Tab. 1-2 Specific characteristics

Adjustable Antenna Elevation

3 selectable Pulses

Interfering Radar Signal Rejection

Sector Blanking

14 bit Encoding

WR-10X-B ■ ■ ■ ■ ■

WR-10X-B-CE ■ ■ ■ ■

Furthermore, a set of software products is available. The standard software products and the optional ones are listed in Tab. 1-3.




Tab. 1-3 Software products

Product Meaning

Standard

PPI Plan Position Indicator

RHI Range Height Indicator

VMI Vertical Maximum Indicator

HVMI Horizontal Vertical Maximum Indicator

NOWCASTING Reflectivity Forecast

Optional Idrometeo

EchoVMI Echo Height of VMI

LBM Lowest Bin Map

EchoLBM Echo Height of LBM

CAPPI Constant Altitude Plan Position Indicator

VCUT Vertical Cut

VPR Vertical Profile of Reflectivity

SRI Surface Rainfall Intensity

SRT Surface Rainfall Total

Optional Mosaic

MOS Mosaic

Optional Converters

BUFR Binary Universal Form for the Representation of Meteorological Data

HDF5 Hierarchical Data Format 5

The software products can be pre-installed on the local PC of the WR-10X System or, if they are available for the related radar version, they can be required as optional. For each radar version, the available software products (pre-installed or optional) are detailed in Tab. 1-4.

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Tab. 1-4 Radar versions and available products

● pre-installed

○ optional

WR-10X-B WR-10X-B-CE

PPI ● ●

RHI ●

VMI ● ●

EchoVMI ○

HVMI ●

LBM ○

EchoLBM ○

CAPPI ○

VCUT ○

VPR ○

SRI ○ ○

SRT ○ ○

NOWCASTING ●

The MOS, a 2nd level product, and the Bufr Hdf5 Converter tool, are also foreseen as optional.




1.4 Technical characteristics and system performance

Tab. 1-5 ÷ Tab. 1-9 show the technical characteristics of the system.

These characteristics are a provisional indication, they can be modified according to the continuous development of the system.

Tab. 1-5 Transceiver technical characteristics

Operating frequency 9410MHz ±30MHz (optional 9375MHz ±30MHz)

Peak Power 10Kw (Magnetron)

Pulse width / Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF)

0,3 μs / 1600 Hz;

0,6 μs / 800 Hz;

1,2 μs / 500 Hz;

Modulator Solid State

Receiver Logarithmic

Dynamic range >90dB

Intermediate frequency 60MHz

IF Bandwidth 4MHz

Noise Figure < 4dB

Tab. 1-6 Antenna technical characteristics

Type Horizontal polarization pencil beam ( about 70cm) radome protected

Horizontal lobe width <3,2° (Typical)

Vertical lobe width <3,2° (Typical)

Side lobes within ±10° < -25dB (Typical)

Gain > 35dB (Typical)

Movement Continuous azimuth scan with elevation steps in a range from 0° to 90°(not in CE version).

RHI (optional)

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Tab. 1-7 Processor technical characteristics

Type Digital based on DSP processor or on PC

Estimated parameters Horizontal reflectivity (Z) in dBz with 16384 levels (14 bit)

Clutter correction Statistical type

Sensitivity 10dBz @ 25Km (typical)

Pulses integration Adjusted to rotation speed

Calibration Manually, through support equipment

Tab. 1-8 Display and control characteristics

Programmable Movie Loop for PPI maps at different elevations both in real time and from archived files. For additional weather products: contact Eldes.

Image export in GIF, BMP, TIFF, JPEG, PNG formats.

Measurement cursors. Pan and Zoom features.

Configurable underlay and overlay.

Tab. 1-9 Dimensions and weight

Overall dimensions (typical data)

Radome with base diameter cm 90 x height cm130

Weight < 90Kg (excluded mast)

1.5 Safety precautions

1.5.1 Safety indications

Headings such as "Note", "Caution" and "Warning" are used to draw attention to all important details of operational and maintenance procedures described in the manual:

NOTE: it refers to any maintenance procedure, event, etc. that must be pointed out.

CAUTION: it includes the operating procedures, rules, etc. that can cause damage to equipment if these procedures and rules are not observed.

WARNING: it concerns operating procedures, rules, etc. which can cause harm or death to personnel or destroy the equipment if they are not observed.




1.5.2 Recommendations

WARNING

- The protection against direct atmospheric discharges on the radar, on the structure or on the power supply network, is customer/user liability; Eldes s.r.l. will not be in any way liable for damages caused by direct lightning strikes on equipment, on data or power supply lines that arrive at the installation site.

WARNING

- The customer/user must provide a copper wire for grounding, with a minimum section of 16 mm², connected to the dispersion system (not to the equi-potential bar) and the grounding system must be unique for the whole installation site.

1.5.2.1 Protection description

The WR10-X radar is fitted with a protection system against indirect atmospheric discharges (Type 2 SPD). The SPD system installed on the radar side, is effective only if a suitable lightning protection system is present (LPS composed of a pick-up rod or similar), which must include in its cone of protection (variable according to the required level), the radar, all the connections, the cable routes and the equipment room. The Radar will be protected only from induced surge voltages caused, through induction, by lightning which could strike the areas near the site. If there is not the LPS system, or if it does not cover all the components mentioned above, the surge protection devices must be implemented in order to reach the type 1 SPD. However the radar system will not be protected against direct atmospheric discharges that can strike on the radar or on the structure. The customer can decide to buy from Eldes s.r.l. (only during the order phase) an additional protection, with respect to the indirect and direct lightning strikes, only for the connection lines. In this case the protection will be implemented up to type 1. This additional protection is particularly recommended for situations in which there is not an LPS system (composed of a pick-up rod or similar), or in which the LPS system is present but its cone of protection does not cover the whole radar system (radar, cable routes, equipment room), inasmuch as the additional protection can withstand direct lightning strikes that could fall on the power supply or data lines.

WARNING

- The type 1 protection NEVER replaces the LPS installation; a direct lightning strike on the radar, on the trestle or on the equipment room will put the whole system out of use, causing serious damage.

1.5.3 Safety recommendations collection

WARNING

- Carry out all the interventions on the equipment following the instructions given in the proper manuals. - Follow all accident standards prevention when carrying out installation or maintenance interventions on the equipment and use the proper tools. - Don’t perform any activities in case of strong winds or adverse weather conditions. - Keep hands and other parts of the body far from the tower structure during the ascent/descent phases of the installation activity.

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WARNING

- Before carrying out each task, set the equipment in safety conditions using the sectioning devices in order to disconnect the power supply of the equipment. - Be careful to not touch high voltage connections during tests and checks with supplied units.

WARNING

- Do not stay near the antenna when the radar is working. - If it is necessary to be near the antenna while the radar is working, limit your stay, making it as short as possible.

WARNING

- It is recommended to perform maintenance activities with the radar not installed on the tower. - For the operations to be necessarily performed on the tower, use all the proper equipments to prevent falls such as safety belt, harness, etc. in order to operate in safety.

CAUTION

- Tighten screws in the right way in order to avoid damaging the threads and poor component fastening with possible vibration. - Do not pull cables and connectors excessively. - During the ascent/descent phases of the installation activity, always, visually verify the free sliding of the sections and the limit stops (if the upper limit stop is reached without stopping, it is possible to break the cable).

CAUTION

- Before touching any board or other parts connected to it with your fingers, is advisable to discharge your own body from electrostatic charges, to avoid damage to the board's components that are sensitive to them.

2. Functional description

2.1 Introduction

The WR-10X radar is a weather radar operating in X band; it can be supplied in several versions. The WR-10X CE versions have fixed elevation (set during installation), so the elevation movement parts, both mechanical and electrical, are not present. The other versions are fully provided, so all elevation movement parts are foreseen. On each configuration it’s possible to install a Remote Control unit that has remote control and diagnostic purpose. This is an optional part that, if not installed, can be replaced by an interconnection bar in order to close electric circuits. The main parts of the WR-10X, are the following:

Radar Unit

Power supply panel with protection devices against surge voltages

External power supply panel with protection devices against surge voltages

PC Server

PC Client (optional)

RS232/485 Converter

UPS

These WR-10X main parts are connected as shown in Fig. 2-1.


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Fig. 2-1 WR-10X electrical connections general diagram

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2.1.1 Radar Unit

The Radar Unit (1A1) has P/N 10911 and it is shown in Fig. 2-2. This is the main unit and it composed of:

Scanner

Battery

Interconnection bar

Inclinometer

Power Supply Unit Optionally, the following items can be supplied:

Cooler

Heater

Remote Control

Fig. 2-2 Radar Unit

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2.1.1.1 Scanner

The Scanner (1A1A1) has P/N 10914 and it is shown in Fig. 2-3 and Fig. 2-4. The Scanner is the radar sensor and it can be divided in two main sections:

the upper section contains the Antenna, the Transceiver (RTX), the Data Processor, the mechanical parts for elevation movement and the power supply;

the lower section contains the mechanical parts for azimuth movement, the interface for external communication, the slip ring that allows the connection with the section that rotates in azimuth.

Fig. 2-3 Scanner (upper section)

Fig. 2-4 Scanner (lower section)




Referring to the Fig. 2-5, the Antenna (1A1A1A5) is installed on the upper part of the Scanner and it is connected to the RTX (1A1A1A1) by a WR90 flange. The RTX has P/N 10919. The DC/DC Converter (1A1A1A8) has P/N 10928 and it is installed on the right upright of the structure. It converts the 24 Vcc voltage to +12 Vcc , -12 Vcc e +5 Vcc in order to supply the Processor. The Data Processor (1A1A1A2), or Data Acquisition and Controls Module, has P/N 10920 and it is installed facing the RTX.

Fig. 2-5 Scanner sub-parts (upper section)

The Data Processor is composed of the following four boards (see Fig. 2-6):

the Interface Board (1A1A1A2A2) has P/N 10980, it adapts the incoming signals from the radar (to the Processor) and the outgoing signals from the Processor (to the radar);

the Processing Board (1A1A1A2A1) has P/N 11936, carries out the process of receiver tuning and implements the communication with the server PC;

the Extended Board (1A1A1A2A4) has P/N 12546, it makes the sampling of the logarithmic channel of the radar receiver and sends the data to the server PC. Moreover it manages the movement commands of azimuth and elevation;

the Processing Board (1A1A1A2A3) has P/N 11937, it implements two base band matched filters. One is used for the long pulse and the other is used for the medium pulse (short pulse is not perfectly adapted because there is no dedicated matched filter for it).

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Fig. 2-6 Processor boards

The Elevation Motor and Gearbox (1A1A1A4) has P/N 10921 and it is shown in Fig. 2-7. It makes the elevation axis movement. It consists of Motor and Gearbox. It is not present in the CE version.

Fig. 2-7 Elevation Motor and Gearbox

The Azimuth Motor and Gearbox (1A1A1A9) has P/N 10923 and it is shown in Fig. 2-8. It makes the azimuth axis movement. It consists of Motor and Gearbox.




Fig. 2-8 Azimuth Motor and Gearbox

The units TTL-RS422 Converter (1A1A1A10) and RS 232-485 Converter (1A1A1A11) manage the external communication of the radar and are placed in the lower section of the Scanner (see Fig. 2-9).

Fig. 2-9 TTL-RS422 Converter and RS 232-485 Converter

In the same section there is the Azimuth Power Driver (1A1A1A6) that is shown in Fig. 2-10. This unit provides the power supply to the azimuth engine, according to the command signal that comes from the Interface Board.

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Fig. 2-10 Azimuth Power Driver

The Elevation Power Driver (1A1A1A3) has P/N 12100 and it is shown in Fig. 2-11. It is no present in the CE version. It controls the phases of the elevation stepper motor, according to the command signal that comes from the Interface Board.

Fig. 2-11 Elevation Power Driver

The Slip Ring (1A1A1A7) has P/N 12099 and it is shown in Fig. 2-12. This unit is a joint element between the upper and the lower part of the Scanner. From the mechanical point of view it allows the azimuth rotation axis.




Fig. 2-12 Slip Ring

2.1.1.2 Remote Control and Interconnection Bar

The Remote Control (1A1A2) has P/N 10915 and it is shown in Fig. 2-13. This is an optional part and, if no required, it can be replaced with the Interconnection Bar (1A1A7) that has P/N 12094. The Interconnection Bar (Fig. 2-14) allows closing the electrical connections when the Remote Control is not present. The Remote Control has diagnostic purpose: it collects several functioning parameters, as power supply values, tilt angle between radar and ground etc. and it allows to monitor them by using the RSS10 software. The collected values are saved in a proper internal unit. The Remote Control allows the (remote) reset of the Scanner and the PC Server.

Fig. 2-13 Remote Control

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Fig. 2-14 Interconnection bar

2.1.1.3 Inclinometer

The Inclinometer (1A1A3) has P/N 12085 and it is shown in Fig. 2-15. It is the inclination sensor of the radar and it provides inclination data of two orthogonal axes. The unit interfaces directly with the Remote Control collecting data. The Inclinometer is an optional part and it can be installed only when the Remote Control is installed; it is not present in the CE version. If the Inclinometer is not provided, (CE version) a water level (see Fig. 2-16) is installed on the lower external part of the radome, in order to control the alignment of the radar relative to the ground.

Fig. 2-15 Inclinometer




Fig. 2-16 Water level

2.1.1.4 Power Supply Unit

The Power Supply Unit (1A1A5) has P/N 10996 and it is shown in Fig. 2-17. This unit receives two 230 Vac power supply lines. One line provides the power supply to the optional units Heater and Cooler while the other line, via the UPS, provides the power supply to the radar system.

Fig. 2-17 Power Supply Unit

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2.1.2 Power Supply Panel

The power supply panel with protection devices against surge voltages (1A2) has P/N 13076 and it is shown in Fig. 2-18. The panel manages the two power supply lines.

Fig. 2-18 Power Supply Panel

2.1.3 External Power Supply Panel

The power supply panel with protection devices against surge voltages (1A7) has P/N13075 and it is shown in Fig. 2-19.

Fig. 2-19 External Power Supply Panel




2.1.4 PC Server

The PC Server (1A3) has P/N 12096 and it is shown in Fig. 2-20. This unit controls the radar for the acquisition of the data, it receives the data and it optionally creates the files for the images generation.

Fig. 2-20 PC Server

2.1.5 RS232/485 Converter

The RS232/485 Converter (1A4) is shown in Fig. 2-21. It interfaces the cables that connect the radar to the server in order to convert the RS485 serial signals to the standard RS232.

Fig. 2-21 RS232/485 Converter

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2.1.6 UPS

The UPS (1A6) has P/N 12097 and it is shown in Fig. 2-22. The purpose of the UPS is to ensure the 230 Vac power supply continuity and to start the shut down procedure in case of prolonged power supply fault.

Fig. 2-22 UPS




2.2 System products overview

Radar volume radar is a well-defined standard structure formed by a set of conical scan called PPI at different elevation angles; see Fig. 2-23 and a section view in Fig. 2-24 for illustrated details.

Fig. 2-23 Conical scans of Radar Volume

Fig. 2-24 Section of the radar volume

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It is well known that the Plan Position Indicator product (PPI) is a display of radar echo data acquired from one antenna rotation with the antenna at a given elevation angle. PPI products for every elevation angle in a volume scan shall be available to the user. PPI display products providing Z (reflectivity: corrected and uncorrected). It is also well known that the Range Height Indicator (RHI) is a display of radar echo data acquired from one antenna scan with the antenna at a given azimuth angle. RHI products for the select azimuth angle scan shall be available to the user. RHI display products providing Z (reflectivity: corrected and uncorrected). The other products are obtained from the reflectivity volume acquired during the operative scans and stored in active memory. They, if request, are automatically generated at acquisition time and displayed at user demand.

In particular for each elevation are given reflectivity values Z [dBZ] and the height of the measurement [Km] for each radar bin (see Fig. 2-25). We can have three types of results:

Reflectivity result (HVMI, VMI, CAPPI, LBM, VPR, VCUT, NOWCASTING)

Height of measurements result (Echo VMI, Echo LBM)

Derivate result (VIL, VIL Density, SRI, SRT)

Fig. 2-25 Section of radar volume with an example of reflectivity bin values




2.2.1 PPI (Plan Position Indicator) and RHI (Range Height Indicator)

The PPI is a slant-range display of radar echo data acquired from one antenna rotation with the antenna at a given elevation angle (see Fig. 2-26). It is the first original radar products since it is the “natural” product of a radar in a horizontal scan mode. The PPI has been around the longest and is the product with which people are most familiar. In that respect it is widely used to obtain a quick overview of the present weather situation and to identify regions of particular interest for more in-depth study with the other products.

Fig. 2-26 PPI product description and an example of image

RHI is the second original radar products since it is the “natural” product of a radar in a vertical scan mode (see Fig. 2-27). It can be used to know the vertical structure of clouds, in particular thunderstorms and the level of the melting layer.

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Fig. 2-27 RHI product description and an example of image

2.2.2 VMI (Vertical Maximum Indicator) HVMI (Horizontal

Vertical Maximum Indicator) and EchoVMI (Height of

Vertical Maximum Indicator)

VMI product is the maximum reflectivity value at each data column (see Fig. 2-28), it allows a complete vision of the potential dangerous storm into volume scan. This product is useful for a quick surveillance of region of convective precipitation to locate both mature and newly developing thunderstorms, since storms that have only a small region of high intensity precipitations will show up the same as storms that have high intensity precipitations through a great depth.

Fig. 2-28 VMI product description




HVMI is the maximum display products generates three partial images from the volume and combines them to the displayed images: - a top view of the highest measured (reflectivity) values in Vertical direction (VMI). This image shows the highest measured value for each vertical column, seen from the top of the volume; - a north-south view of the highest measured values in Y-direction. This image is appended above the top view and shows the highest measured value for each horizontal line seen from north to south; - an east-west view of the highest measured values in X-direction. This image is appended to the right of the top view and shows the highest measured value for each horizontal line seen from east to west. It gives some more information respect to VMI in particular the height and the location of the storm core in north-south and east-west direction (see Fig. 2-29). Can be used to know the vertical structure of cloud and it is good also to indicate the rainfall potential of a severe storm.

Fig. 2-29 VMI product (left panel) and HVMI product (right panel) example images

The EchoVMI is the height of the VMI bin, it can be used to locate the height with potential dangerous storm (see Fig. 2-30). It may have aeronautic application, as an example it provide a height of maximum dangerous storm in a given air-route to avoidance. Besides it is useful to understanding if the maximum echoes are near the ground.

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Fig. 2-30 Echo VMI product description and an example of image




2.2.3 LBM (Lowest Bin Map) and Echo LBM (Height of LBM)

LBM product is the reflectivity value at the lowest height level in each data column (see Fig. 2-31). The LBM is a good indicator of the rainfall which is impacting the surface.

Fig. 2-31 LBM product description and an example of image

The height of LBM bin is called EchoLBM it is provides the height of precipitation echo nearest the ground seen by radar (see Fig. 2-32). It can be used to estimate the minimum height of precipitation cloud.

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Fig. 2-32 Echo LBM product description and an example of image




2.2.4 VIL (Vertically Integrated Liquid) and VIL Density

The aim of the VIL product is to give an instantaneous estimate of the water content residing in an atmospheric layer, for this reason, the VIL product will need volume scan reflectivity data. These reflectivity data are converted into equivalent liquid water content data. After the conversion the water content is being integrated over each vertical column to find the VIL product. VIL is expresses in [Kg/m2] and represent the total liquid content per square meter. In the operational mode the VIL is computed in this way: each radar bin reflectivity Zi

above a given column is first converted in liquid water and then integrated. In Fig. 2-33 an example of reflectivity and height values that will be used to compute VIL in a given data column.

Fig. 2-33 VIL product description and used values for VIL4 calculation

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VIL in general it can be considered as a means of locating the most active and severe storms in a region since these would be the storm that would be expected to have greatest reflectivity through the greatest depth. VIL is used to be better for detecting thunderstorm than the hail detection algorithm because height dependence can lead at some errors. In stratiform situations VIL rarely exceeds a value of 10 kg/m2, in thunderstorms, however, VIL is usually (much) higher (see Fig. 2-34).

Fig. 2-34 VIL product for stratiform (left panel) and convective (right panel) events

VIL Density is simply the VIL divided by the EchoTOP and multiplied by 1000 in order to express the result as g/m3. Remember that the EchoTOP is the height of the highest (in altitude) bin measured by radar. VIL Density makes VIL independent of height and then reduces error due to fact that VIL alone may not be sufficient to distinguish tall storms with low overall reflectivity (smaller targets, including possible small hail) from short storms with high reflectivity (larger targets including possible large hail) So VIL Density is well adapt for the algorithms of hail detection, see Fig. 2-35 as an example of VIL density image.




Fig. 2-35 VIL Density product for stratiform (left panel) and convective (right panel) events

2.2.5 CAPPI (Constant Altitude Plan Position Indicator)

The CAPPI product is a horizontal cross section at the user-specified altitude and it is produced by using data from concentric annuli in such a fashion as to compose a seamless picture at essentially a constant altitude and specified layer thickness (seeFig. 2-36). The CAPPI product is a display of radar echo data for a nominally constant altitude with respect to the radar site elevation or the sea level in accordance with user choice. In the cone of silence the user may utilized, the PseudoCAPPI options. The Pseudo CAPPI algorithm generates an image of the selected data type in user-selectable height above ground. The generation scheme is nearly the same as for the standard CAPPI product. Additionally, the possible "no data" areas of the standard CAPPI close to the Radar site and at lager ranges are filled with data of the corresponding elevation: at short ranges the data are taken from the highest elevation until this beam crosses the defined height (see Fig. 2-37) and for large ranges, where the lowest beam is higher than the defined height, the data accumulation follows the lowest beam.

Hail?

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Fig. 2-36 CAPPI illustration

Fig. 2-37 Pseudo CAPPI illustration

CAPPI can helps to study the meteorological situation at a given altitude of interest. CAPPI at lower height can be also used for rain-estimation. In the Fig. 2-38 is shown an example of CAPPI calculation at 3 Km height with an example of image.




Fig. 2-38 CAPPI product description and an example of image

2.2.6 VCUT (Vertical CUT)

The VCUT products is a vertical section in a given direction, the algorithm transverses the volume data in two dimension along the defined line generating a vertical cross section of the reflectivity (seeFig. 2-39). The direction, that is the azimuth angle, can be set from the user during volume scan. Otherwise the algorithm provide as output two VCUT images, one along the direction of maximum number of filled bin and one along the direction of maximum reflectivity intensity. VCUT helps to know the vertical structure of clouds, in particular thunderstorms and the level of the melting layer.

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Fig. 2-39 VCUT product description and an example of image




2.2.7 VPR (Vertical Profile of Reflectivity)

VPR is the profile of reflectivity carried out along a given data column (seeFig. 2-40). VPR can be used to correct rain rate estimation being rain/reflectivity at sampled heights obtained directly from radar measurement may significantly differ from rain/reflectivity at ground level due to several factors. The importance of this error greatly depends on the VPR shape, which has specific signatures depending on the type of rain. Usually (but not always) stratiform VPR shows a maximum peak of reflectivity, known as bright band, which is the result of the special scattering features of melting drops and the different fall speed of snow and rain. In case of convective rain the bright band phenomenon is not observed and it is difficult to define a standard behavior of convective VPR apart from the decrease in reflectivity with height in the upper levels of the convective cells (see Fig. 2-41).

Fig. 2-40 VPR product description

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Fig. 2-41 Example of VPR image for stratiform and convective precipitation




2.2.8 SRI (Surface Rain Intensity) and SRT (Surface Rainfall Total)

SRI is the instantaneous precipitation and it is calculate from radar reflectivity using a proper relationship which can lead at may leads to some error in rain rate retrieval, to mitigate radar errors it is important to have an adjustment method (as example utilizing gauge data) to calibrate the radar data in order to improve precipitation retrievals. Accumulated rain rate is available for 1,3,6,12 and 24 hours and is express in [mm], as an example in Fig. 2-42 is shown a SRI and a SRT 3 hour accumulated images.

Fig. 2-42 Instantaneous (left panel) and 3 hours accumulated (right panel) precipitation

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2.2.9 NOWCASTING

Nowcasting techniques exploit the information derived from radar reflectivity conditions in the past and extrapolate them in the future, assuming no significant change in the general behavior of the forecasted precipitation pattern (Fig. 2-43).

Fig. 2-43 Nowcasting techniques take a temporal sequence of radar maps and propagates the last available one in the future

The nowcasting technique implemented on WR-10X data is named Spectral Pyramidal Advection Radar Estimator (SPARE). The basic principle on which SPARE is based is the spatial correlation between images. In other words, portions of radar maps, at a given instant are compared with the nearest portions of the radar images at immediately previous instant to find the best estimation of the local displacement vector or advection vector of the considered portion. The displacement field obtained at the end of the algorithm is then used to move in the future the radar field of reflectivity factor, Fig. 2-44 gives a graphical description of basics of SPARE algorithm.

Fig. 2-44 Graphical description of basics of SPARE algorithm

NowcastingNowcasting

algorithmalgorithm

AnalysisAnalysis windowwindow ForecastForecast windowwindow

RequirementRequirement::

ExecutionExecution time <time < tt

PredictedPredicted horizontalhorizontal mapsmapsPredictedPredicted horizontalhorizontal mapsmapsRadar Radar HorizontalHorizontal mapsmaps

t

Radar Radar HorizontalHorizontal mapsmapsRadar Radar HorizontalHorizontal mapsmaps

t




In operative mode the input variables are the VMI reflectivity at the two consecutive past instants with respect to procedure initialization and the output are the VMI reflectivity map at the N consecutive future instants. In this version N=6 and the maximum prediction period depends on the time between two consecutive scans. If for example scan frequency was 10 minutes maximum forecasted period is one hour. If scan frequency is greater than 30 minutes nowcasting algorithm does not work because of the results would be unreliable. A reasonable maximum prediction period should be less than 1 hour ahead. In Fig. 2-45 an example of nowcasting output in two forecasted instants.

Fig. 2-45 Two nowcasted images an one initialization image

2.3 Main features

The WR-10X main features are in the following listed:

de-clutter filtering;

selectable PRF;

interference rejection;

noise automatic estimation;

automatic RHI;

sectors blanking;

automatic tuning. One or more features could be not available; it depends on the radar version.

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3. Operativity

3.1 Foreword

The Power Supply Panel is placed near the PC Server. It receives the 230 Vac power supply line and it provides this voltage to the UPS, to the Radar unit, to the PC and all the accessories. The PC Server is provided with the RS422 and RS232 communication ports already installed and configured. An additional multi-serial board is installed on the PC: typically, for the communication with the Radar unit the COM4 port is used, but it is possible to use any other PC COM port after a proper software configuration. The UPS unit is provided already pre-configured. The UPS and the Power Supply Panel manage the system shutdown in case of mains failure or reset. If the WR-10X is provided with the Remote Control system it’s possible to manage the UPS functioning by means of the RSS10 software directly installed on the PC Server, otherwise it’s possible to manage the UPS functioning by means of the software installed on the notebook of the maintenance worker. The mains distribution scheme is reported in Fig. 3-1.

Fig. 3-1 Mains distribution scheme

3.2 System parts location

The WR-10X System is schematized as shown in Fig. 3-2. On the site, where the WR-10X System is installed, all the system parts are installed indoor, but not the Radar Unit. In fact, the Radar Unit is installed in such a way that a certain height related to the ground is guaranteed (i.e. roof, mast, etc.) in order to avoid interferences due to obstacles. The other parts are located in an indoor environment (i.e. room, office, etc.) where a LAN connection and the 230 Vac mains are available.




A Rack (not supplied) can be foreseen in order to host the parts:

PC Server;

UPS;

RS232-RS485 Converter;

Ethernet Switch;

Power Supply Panel. Otherwise, the Power Supply Panel can be wall-mounted and a free plane surface (i.e. desk) must be available for the other parts location. Depending on the site (dimension, environment, typology, etc.) where the WR-10X system has been installed, several system parts location solutions can be found.

3.3 Control and indicators

The Radar unit is installed on the tower and so it is not provided with local indicators and commands. By means of the Power Supply Panel it is possible to switch on/off the WR-10X. After switching on the WR-10X, the boot phase starts and no command can be given to the system for a few seconds. By means of the Power Supply Panel it is possible to break the mains for the entire system in order to power off it or to reset it

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Fig. 3-2 WR-10X System scheme


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3.4 System operation

A GUI is available for the operator on the Server PC; a GUI for the operator is also available on the Client PC. Please, refer to the related Operative Manuals where all the necessary information is gathered. For what concern the Remote Control, please refer to the dedicated Manual.

3.5 System power on/off

3.5.1 System powering on/off standard procedure

The System powering on/off standard procedure is applicable in any case. In order to power off the WR-10X System, follow the reported steps:

1. first of all, it is necessary to switch off the Server PC

2. only when the PC shut down is completed, it is possible to break the power by means of the I2 switch of the Power Supply Panel

3. at last, break the power of the radar unit service plug by means of the I1 switch of the Power Supply Panel

In order to power on the WR-10X System, follow the above reported procedure, but in reverse order.

3.5.2 System powering on/off procedure by Remote Control

If the WR-10X is provided with the Remote Control (PC with RSS10 software installed), the following powering on/off procedure is applicable. In order to power off the WR-10X System by Remote Control, follow the reported steps:

1. after the login has been carried out, the Maps Viewer interface will appear (see Fig. 3-3)

2. double click on the WR-10X to open the Plant Viewer window and to access the System Page (see Fig. 3-4)

3. to switch off the Radar Unit and to shut down the PC Server, click on the related icons. After clicking on the icon its status will change (from ON, to OFF)

In order to power on the WR-10X System, click on the RADAR ON/OFF and on the PC ON/OFF icons; after clicking on the icon its status will change (from OFF, to ON).




Fig. 3-3 Maps viewer interface window

Fig. 3-4 System Page of Plant Viewer window

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3.6 System Reset

3.6.1 System reset standard procedure

The System resetting standard procedure is applicable in any case. To reset the whole WR-10X System or to reset only the Radar Unit it is necessary, in both cases, to power off and then to power on the system, following the “System powering on/off standard procedure” already reported. To reset only the PC Server just perform the PC restarting.

3.6.2 System reset procedure by Remote Control

If the WR-10X is provided with the Remote Control (PC with RSS10 software installed), the following resetting procedure is applicable. To reset the WR-10X System by Remote Control, follow the reported steps:

1. after the login has been carried out, the Maps Viewer interface will appear (see Fig. 3-3)

2. double click on the WR-10X to open the Plant Viewer window and to access the Controls Page (see Fig. 3-5)

3. to reset the Radar Unit it is necessary to right click on the Radar ON-OFF button (the Radar Unit will be switched off and then automatically switched on again)

4. to reset the PC Server it is necessary to right click on the PC ON-OFF button (the PC will be shut down and then automatically restarted)

Fig. 3-5 Controls Page of Plant Viewer window




4. Installation The instructions related to the, mechanical and electrical, hardware installation are reported in the WR-10X Installation Manual while the software installation procedures are reported in the proper Operative Manuals.

5. Maintenance The preventive and corrective maintenance activity instructions and the troubleshooting information are gathered in the WR-10X Service Manual (for more details, contact Eldes).

WR-10X - USP...WR-10X System Manual Document code: ELDES OM-12704-03-02 Proprietary Information Page...

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