UNEP-DHI Water Quality Webinar Series

WQ Webinar #5Water Quality Management and Regulation Tools

Facilitator: Gareth James Lloyd Technical Support: Maija Bertule

www.unepdhi.orgNovember 11th, 2015

Contents

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1. Jesper Dannisøe (Senior Biologist at DHI): Water quality regulation tools and

monitoring approaches

2. Philipp Saile (UNEP GEMS/Water Data Centre, Federal Institute of Hydrology): Monitoring Water Quality in the 2030 development agenda (SDGs)

3. Additional questions from the audience!

Water quality: Regulation tools and monitoring approaches Jesper Goodley Dannisøe, Senior Project Manager Title: Senior Biologist Bio: Large-scale infrastructure, water quality, EIA and monitoring

Todays topics:

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Which management and regulation tools are available such as: • Licensing, • Financial instruments, • Modelling and • Monitoring

Licensing

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Licensing is the backbone of controling who is discharging what, where and how much. No license => No right to operate and no right to pollute

Licensing tools: Background knowledge

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• Substantial knowledge about the receiving waterbodies • Where are the other legal point sources (size, type, etc) • Does a license require an EIA • Lists of operations requiring an EIA • Compliance among existing dischargers?

Examples of EIA-demanding industries

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• Power plants, nuclear power, hydro power • Steel and iron mills • Chemical industry (above a certain production volume) • Production of explosives • Highways, ports, terminals, airports • Waste disposal (incineration, landfills etc)

License structure

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• Precise description of production methods • Product (amount) • Input of raw material (amount, type, assessment) • Assessment of production method; Best available technology (BAT) • BREF (Best available techniques reference documents):

http://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/reference/

Financial instruments

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OR

Incentives to reduce pollution

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Incentives to urge industries to improve treatment facilities could be: • Tax reduction • X years to fulfilment of license • Cheap federal land

Modelling:

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Confer to the presentation 2 weeks ago from Anders Erichsen • Models perfect to provide assessment of impacts • No models are better than the data they are fed with! (Data

demanding)

Discharge of wastewater Depth-

profile

Models can sum up loads from point sources

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Approach: 1. Count all upstream known discharges and assess the load (kg/y) 2. Assess the type of discharge (metal, food, brewing, etc) 3. Assess for each source the compliance with permits/licenses 4. Use the data as input to a model and calculate the effects at the

place of a new discharge. 5. Use the results to set limits to the new discharge

Monitoring related to licensing

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Each license must have demands for a self-monitoring system Should be based on two principles: • Maximum concentrations (might be seasonal

demands) • Load (flow x concentration x time), either

daily, monthly or yearly

Monitoring program

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Self-control system: • Sampling of monthly water quality samples with focus on important

variables (organics, nutrients, heavy metals, oil, etc) • Constant measure of discharge volumes (l/s, m3/s)

Authority control system: • Annual parallel sampling to compare results • Annual assessment of data from the industry to check compliance

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End of Part 1:

ANY QUESTIONS

Part II

Monitoring of point and non-point

pollution

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”An effort of the society to learn by some form of measurements about the chemical, physical, biological and ecological characters and behaviour of water in the environment” Robert C. Ward Colorado State University

POLICY

Strategy

Legislation

Planning Economic Spatial

Management Monitoring Compliance

Enforcement

Quality assurance

Evaluation

DATA TRAINING

Where does water quality fit in?

The Management Cycle

Principles for Monitoring

Information needs

Monitoring strategy

Network design

Sample collection

Laboratory analyses

Data handling

Data analysis

Reporting

Information utilisation

Water management

Questions to drive the demands:

Public: Safe water for drinking, swimming, fishing, sporting

Industry: Permit limits justified

NGO´s: Compliance with the laws

Administrator: Where to focus the management

Legislators: Accountability for money spending

The aim of the monitoring?

The aim of the monitoring?

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Monitoring should be done for a reason: • License/permit compliance • Tracing of non-point pollution • Overall water quality assessment of a waterbody • Monitoring integrated in the legislation to provide justice for it

Short or long term monitoring? The duration of the monitoring system

The time span for the monitoring will have an influence on the design

Short term: Intensive sampling

Long term: Extensive sampling

Where to monitor?

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Point sources:

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Find them and you can start monitoring them: A point source can be: • The discharge point from a single factory, suburb, treatment plant or

other single sources • Described by a well-defined catchment/production facility • Normally more or less constant, but may show daily/monthly/annual

variation.

NON-point sources

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Loads entering the water without a specific discharge point: • Seepage from agricultural

land to river/lake • Overland flow under rain

Calculate the load from non-point sources?

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The non-point load is calculated as the difference between the discharge of known point-sources + background concentrations and the actual monitoring results in e.g. a river.

Flow direction

Point source 1 Point source 2 WQ monitoring 1

Non-point load

WQ monitoring 2

What to do about non-point sources?

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Try to quantify them and find the reason • Divide the source up into sub-sources, based on type (e.g.

agriculture, urban, etc) • Look for possibilities to isolate the sub sources and consider

treatment (turning non-point into point-source)

Root zone system

Thank you Jesper Goodley Dannisøe, jda@dhigroup.com

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Philipp Saile

International Centre for Water Resources and Global Change

GEMS/Water Data Centre

Water Quality in the SDGsGoal 6: Ensure access to water and sanitation for all

6 Technical Targets

2 MOI targets

Target 6.3: Improve water quality

Indicator 6.3.1:

Percentage of wastewater safely treated

Indicator 6.3.2:

Percentage of water bodies withgood ambient water quality

The ambient water quality indicator Starting point: GEMS/Water Global Water Quality Indicator

Proximity-to-target index

Parameter selection

Benchmark/target definition

Indicator calculation

Temporal aggregation

PTT-score calculation

Spatial aggregation

Parameter Pollution

TDS Nutrient pollution, salinization

%O2, DO Nutrient pollution

Inorganic N Nutrient pollution

Inorganic P Nutrient pollution

E. Coli/FCB Microbial pollution

The monitoring ladder

5 parameters

Existingmonitoringnetworks

Additional parameters

Increasingmonitoringnetworkcoverage

Comprehensiveset ofparameters andmonitoringnetworkcoverage

Monitoring networkcoverage

# ofParameters

National monitoring andreporting requirements Baseline assessment

Designation of water bodies and river

basins

Identification/

adaptation to national

conditions

Classification based on

existing monitoring data

EEA/ETC-ICMWISE

Challenges Definition and designation of water bodies & river basins

Definition of benchmark values

Definition of classification levels

Differences in monitoring systems

Spatial and temporal coverage

Inclusion of additional data sources (remote sensing, modelling)

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Additional Questions

Thank you for attending WQ Webinar #5

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− Questions/comments to Maija Bertule mabe@dhigroup.com− Webinar recording and slides on YouTube (UNEP-DHI) and

http://www.unepdhi.org/wq-webinars− Short feedback survey in follow-up email – please take 5 minutes

to fill in – we value your opinion!

Next, FINAL WQ webinar (#6)− November 25th:

“Data and Knowledge Management for Water Quality”− Registration:

http://www.unepdhi.org/wq-webinars