WOW Macromolecules Polymers.. 1. They all contain Carbon 1.Has 4 valence electrons What do all...
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Transcript of WOW Macromolecules Polymers.. 1. They all contain Carbon 1.Has 4 valence electrons What do all...
2. They are all polymers– A polymer is a long
molecule consisting of many similar building blocks called monomers
What do all macromolecules have in common?
What is a polymer?
How are polymers assembled?
3. They are all assembled by a Dehydration reaction (Condensation).
(a) Dehydration reaction in the synthesis of a polymer
HO H1 2 3 HO
HO H1 2 3 4
H
H2O
Short polymer Unlinked monomer
Longer polymer
Dehydration removes a watermolecule, forming a new bond
Figure5.2A
Dehydration (Condensation) Reaction
• Polymers are disassembled by– Hydrolysis
(b) Hydrolysis of a polymer
HO 1 2 3 H
HO H1 2 3 4
H2O
HHO
Hydrolysis adds a watermolecule, breaking a bond
Figure 5.2B
Examples in the cell 1. Carbohydrates- polysaccharide
Cellulose plant cell wallStarch- plants storage sugar
Carbohydrates
• Monomer = Monosaccharide (simple sugar)
• Type of bond = glycosidic linkage
• Function:– Storage and structural
support
Lipids
• Monomer = Fatty acid tail
• Type of bond = ester linkage
• Function: – Energy storage– Protection
Ester linkage
3. Proteins• Proteins - more than 50% of
dry mass of cells• Functions include:
– Enzymes– Structural– Storage– Transport– Hormonal (cellular
communication)– Receptor– Contractile (movement)– Defensive
Animation: Protein Functions
Proteins in mouse cells
LE 5-20d
Hydrophobicinteractions andvan der Waalsinteractions
Polypeptidebackbone
Disulfide bridge
Ionic bond
Hydrogenbond
Proteins level of structure3. Tertiary
LE 5-20e
b Chains
a ChainsHemoglobin
IronHeme
CollagenPolypeptide chain
PolypeptidechainProteins level
of structure4. Quaternary
Examples in the cell 4. Nucleic Acids
RNA – Carries genetic code to cell.
DNA stores genetic information
Nucleic Acids
• Monomer = Nucleotide
• Type of bond = Covalent and Hydrogen bond between bases
• Function: – Store genetic
information