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Transcript of Worms Mr. D. DO NOW Write down your homework Write down your homework Take out your foldable Take...
Worms Worms
Mr. DMr. D
DO NOWDO NOW
Write down your homeworkWrite down your homework Take out your foldableTake out your foldable On the back of your foldable On the back of your foldable
answer this questionanswer this question What made scientists put worms in a What made scientists put worms in a
different category from cnidarians different category from cnidarians and sponges?and sponges?
Worms Worms What are the major classifications of worms?What are the major classifications of worms?
Flatworms – PlatyhelminthesFlatworms – Platyhelminthes Roundworms – NematodaRoundworms – Nematoda
Segmented - AnnelidaSegmented - Annelida Name 5 characteristics of all worms. Name 5 characteristics of all worms.
Invertebrates, Long narrow bodies without legs, bilateral Invertebrates, Long narrow bodies without legs, bilateral symmetry, have tissues, organs, and body systems symmetry, have tissues, organs, and body systems
How does a worm with both male and female parts usually How does a worm with both male and female parts usually reproduce?reproduce? Mating – transfer of spermMating – transfer of sperm
How do worms reproduce asexually? How do worms reproduce asexually? Can sometimes grow individual worms from piecesCan sometimes grow individual worms from pieces
WormsWorms
Sense organs, mouth at Sense organs, mouth at anterioranterior
Long, slender body allows Long, slender body allows rapid movement / control rapid movement / control of directionof direction
Three phylaThree phyla Flatworms - PlatyhelminthesFlatworms - Platyhelminthes Roundworms - NematodaRoundworms - Nematoda Segmented worms - AnnelidaSegmented worms - Annelida
Characteristics of all Characteristics of all worms.worms.
InvertsInverts Bilateral symmetryBilateral symmetry
Have a brain Have a brain Simplest organisms with a brainSimplest organisms with a brain
Cells, Tissues, Organs, and Body Cells, Tissues, Organs, and Body SystemsSystems
Long narrow bodies without legsLong narrow bodies without legs Reproduce Sexually and AsexuallyReproduce Sexually and Asexually
FAT WORMS - FAT WORMS - PlatyhelminthesPlatyhelminthes
What characteristics do all flatworms share?What characteristics do all flatworms share? Flat, soft as jelly Flat, soft as jelly
What may parasitic flatworms do to their host?What may parasitic flatworms do to their host? Lives inside a host and takes food from it.Lives inside a host and takes food from it.
Give an example of a parasitic flatworm.Give an example of a parasitic flatworm. Tapeworm – absorbs food from the host’s digestive systemTapeworm – absorbs food from the host’s digestive system
Give an example of a free-living flatworm. Give an example of a free-living flatworm. Planarian – is free living because it can survive outside its hostPlanarian – is free living because it can survive outside its host
How do planaria get food?How do planaria get food? Scavengers – feeding on dead or decaying material. Glides onto Scavengers – feeding on dead or decaying material. Glides onto
its food and inserts a feeding tube. Digestive juices break down its food and inserts a feeding tube. Digestive juices break down food outside of the body. Food is sucked up through this tube, and food outside of the body. Food is sucked up through this tube, and waste also exits this tube.waste also exits this tube.
Phylum Phylum PlatyhelminthesPlatyhelminthes: : FlatwormsFlatworms
Thin (few mm thick)Thin (few mm thick) Bilaterally symmetricalBilaterally symmetrical Single openingSingle opening to pass food and to pass food and
wastewaste Pharynx extends out to suck in foodPharynx extends out to suck in food Free-living or parasiticFree-living or parasitic RegenerationRegeneration
planarian
Class Turbellaria: Free-Class Turbellaria: Free-living flatwormsliving flatworms
Marine / freshwater
Carnivores orscavengers
Light sensitive eyespots
Pharynx brings food into gastrovascular cavity
Planarian
Class Trematoda: Class Trematoda: Parasitic flatwormsParasitic flatworms
““Flukes”Flukes” Infect internal organs of hostInfect internal organs of host Some live on outside of hostSome live on outside of host
Schistosomiasis ---Schistosomiasis ---Blood flukeBlood fluke
Affects 200 million peopleAffects 200 million people
Schistosoma egg in liver
Intermediate host
larvae
Eggs clog blood vessels in liver, spleen, lungs, intestines
Schistosomiasis
Class Cestoda: TapewormsClass Cestoda: Tapeworms Parasitic; flat and longParasitic; flat and long Need no digestive system Need no digestive system
scolexproglottids
Tapeworms can grow to several meters in length in the intestineTapeworms can grow to several meters in length in the intestine
Taenia
Tapeworm life cycle
zygoteslarval cysts
tapeworm attaches inside host intestine
Roundworms - NematodaRoundworms - Nematoda
How are roundworms different from How are roundworms different from cnidarians or flatwormscnidarians or flatworms They have a one-way digestive They have a one-way digestive
system that is tube like with a mouth system that is tube like with a mouth and an anus. and an anus.
Describe the body of a roundworm.Describe the body of a roundworm. Small, have a mouth and anus, many Small, have a mouth and anus, many
have transparent bodies, roundhave transparent bodies, round
Phylum Nematoda: Phylum Nematoda: RoundwormsRoundworms
Free living or parasiticFree living or parasitic Digestive tract has Digestive tract has two openingstwo openings
Disease-Disease-causing causing roundworms: roundworms: TrichinellaTrichinella
Transmitted Transmitted by by consuming consuming improperly improperly cooked porkcooked pork
TrichinosisTrichinosis Disease Disease
caused by caused by trichnellatrichnella
Disease-causing Disease-causing Roundworms:Roundworms:ElephantiasisElephantiasis
Worm Worm infects infects blood and blood and lymph lymph vesselsvessels
Transmitted Transmitted by by mosquitoesmosquitoes
Tropical Tropical parts of Asiaparts of Asia Swelling caused by blockage of lymph vessels
Disease-Disease-causing causing Roundworms:Roundworms:AscarisAscaris
Parasitic roundworm Parasitic roundworm Affects humans, cats, dogs, horses, Affects humans, cats, dogs, horses,
pigs, chickenspigs, chickens Cause severe malnutritionCause severe malnutrition Spread by eating food or water Spread by eating food or water
contaminated with contaminated with AscarisAscaris eggs eggs
Intestine filled with Ascaris
Hook WormsHook Worms
Enter the body through the skin on Enter the body through the skin on the soles of the feetthe soles of the feet
Live in the blood and intestinesLive in the blood and intestines
HookwormsHookworms
This patient presented with a hookworm infection involving the toes of the right foot, which is also known as “ground itch”. Usually the first sign of infection is itching, and a rash at the site where skin touched contaminated soil or sand, which occurs when the larvae penetrate the skin, followed by anemia, abdominal pain, diarrhea, loss of appetite, and weight loss..
Hookworms penetrate the bottoms of bare feet. Do not go barefoot.
Necator
Pinworm Pinworm (Enterobius)(Enterobius)
0.5 inches long
Guinea WormsGuinea Worms
Dracunculus medinensis
Guinea WormsGuinea Worms
Segmented Worms - Segmented Worms - AnnelidaAnnelida
Describe the body of a segmented worm.Describe the body of a segmented worm. Have a mouth and anus that are separated Have a mouth and anus that are separated
by segments by segments Name 3 characteristics of all segmented Name 3 characteristics of all segmented
worms.worms. All have a nerve cord, digestive tube, and a All have a nerve cord, digestive tube, and a
closed circulatory system. closed circulatory system. What is a closed circulatory systemWhat is a closed circulatory system
Blood moves within a closed network of Blood moves within a closed network of tubes called vessels.tubes called vessels.
Phylum Annelida: Phylum Annelida: Segmented WormsSegmented Worms
Body divided into segments by internal Body divided into segments by internal walls, “septa”walls, “septa”
In many annelids, segments specialize In many annelids, segments specialize for specific function:for specific function: EyesEyes AntennaeAntennae RespirationRespiration
Example: earthwormExample: earthworm
EarthwormEarthworm
Over 100 segmentsOver 100 segments Closed circulatory systemClosed circulatory system
All fluids contained within small tubesAll fluids contained within small tubes Oxygen enters through skinOxygen enters through skin Gizzard – grinds dirt and soilGizzard – grinds dirt and soil Setae – bristles that are located on the Setae – bristles that are located on the
underside aid in movementunderside aid in movement Mucus – slippery substance that helps the Mucus – slippery substance that helps the
earthworm moveearthworm move
Aerating the soilAerating the soil
Examples to know:Examples to know: *Phylum Platyhelminthes (flatworms)*Phylum Platyhelminthes (flatworms)
Planarian, free living Planarian, free living Tapeworm, parasitic Tapeworm, parasitic
Flukes: ex. Flukes: ex. SchistosomaSchistosoma, parasitic, causes Schistosomiasis, parasitic, causes Schistosomiasis *Phylum Nematoda (roundworms)*Phylum Nematoda (roundworms)
TrichinellaTrichinella, parasitic, causes trichinosis, parasitic, causes trichinosis filarial worms, parasitic, causes Elephantiasis (filariasis)filarial worms, parasitic, causes Elephantiasis (filariasis)
Ascaris, Ascaris, parasiticparasitic hookworms, parasitichookworms, parasitic pinworms, parasiticpinworms, parasitic
Guinea worms, parasiticGuinea worms, parasitic *Phylum Annelida (segmented worms)*Phylum Annelida (segmented worms)
earthworm, free livingearthworm, free living Nereis, Nereis, free livingfree living leechleech
Closing – Crumble and Closing – Crumble and TossToss
Get a piece of paperGet a piece of paper How does the structure of the How does the structure of the
segmented worm affect its segmented worm affect its function?function?
Planarian?Planarian?
Words to know Words to know
Scissors ( no scapel), forceps, Scissors ( no scapel), forceps, dissecting pinsdissecting pins
Anterior – Head endAnterior – Head end Posterior – Butt EndPosterior – Butt End Ventral – Stomach side (light color)Ventral – Stomach side (light color) Dorsal – Back side ( Dark Blood Dorsal – Back side ( Dark Blood
Vessel)Vessel)
Flatworm Lab 3/8/2011Flatworm Lab 3/8/2011
Please pick up a worm lab and Please pick up a worm lab and read itread it
What am I?What am I?
Do Now 3/15/2011 TEST 9Do Now 3/15/2011 TEST 9
Pick up and Answer Sheet and packet Pick up and Answer Sheet and packet on the Chairon the Chair
After the TestAfter the Test Kids SurveyKids Survey Complete the Packet (on chair) Complete the Packet (on chair) Packet Due ThursdayPacket Due Thursday Remember to Get Frost Valley Activity Remember to Get Frost Valley Activity
Sheets in tomorrowSheets in tomorrow