Worlds Most Deprived, 2008
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Transcript of Worlds Most Deprived, 2008
The World’s Most Deprived
Characteristics and Causes of
Extreme Poverty and Hunger
Millennium Development Goals
The first MDG: Cut extreme poverty and hunger in half between 1990 and 2015
Will the first MDG be met?
If so, who will move out of poverty and hunger? Who will be left behind?
Where the world’s poor live: Poor living on less than $1 a day
1,248 million poor People in 1990
969 million poor people in 2004
South Asia
39%South Asia
47%
Sub-SaharanAfrica19%
Sub-Saharan Africa31%
East Asia & Pacific
38%
East Asia& Pacific
17%
Middle East & North Africa
0%
Latin America &the Caribbean
4%
Europe & Central Asia
0%
Europe &Central Asia
0%
Middle East &North Africa
0%
Latin America &the Caribbean
5%
Global progress reducing poverty
World has achieved considerable progress in
reducing poverty:
Population living on less than $1 a day:
28.7 % in 1990 18.0% in 2004
At this rate, MDG poverty target will be met globally by 2015
Regional progress uneven
Reductions in global poverty largely driven by East Asia and the Pacific
Decline in poverty rates in Sub-Saharan Africa stagnating:
46.8 % in 1990 41.1 % in 2004
Looking beneath the $1 a day line
Subjacent poor:75 cents – one dollar485 million people
Medial poor:50 cents – 75 cents323 million people
Ultra poor:Less than 50 cents162 million people
Changes in poverty by region & group, 1990 - 2004
Subjacent poor($0.75 and <$1):
485 million
Ultra poor(<$0.50):
162 million
Medial poor($0.50 and <$0.75):
323 million
East Asia & Pacific -131 m
East Asia& Pacific -138 m
EastAsia& Pacific -38 m
South Asia-27 m
South Asia-37 m
South Asia30 m
Sub-SaharanAfrica 14 m
Sub-SaharanAfrica 15 m
Sub-SaharanAfrica 29 m
-200
-100
0
100
Cha
nge
in n
umbe
r of
peo
ple
(m
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The world’s ultra poor: Where do they live?
Three-fourths of the world’s ultra poor live in Sub-Saharan Africa, the only region where ultra poverty predominates
Most of Asia’s poor live just below the dollar a day line—only a small minority is ultra poor
Progress in poverty reduction varies by region
Between 1990 and 2004:
East Asia and the Pacific: substantial reduction in poverty in all three groups
South Asia: subjacent poverty increased, number of ultra poor decreased significantly
Sub-Saharan Africa: number of poor increased in each category, particularly in ultra poverty
Poverty declined more for the less poor
Subjacent Poverty Medial Poverty Ultra Poverty
-3.1-3.8 -3.6
-4.0
-5.1
-1.4
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
Equitable growthActual decline
% decline in poverty:equitable growth vs. actual1990 - 2004
Progress has been slowest for the poorest
Income growth benefited those just below the poverty line most
Ultra poverty rates decreased less than ifeveryone’s income had grown equally
East Asia and the Pacific: rapid economic growth benefited all groups nearly equally
Sub-Saharan Africa & South Asia: ultra poor mostly left behind
IFPRI’s Global Hunger Index
Innovative tool—measures hunger and undernutrition in developing and transitional countries
Combines three indicators into one index:
1. proportion of people who are calorie deficient
2. child underweight prevalence
3. child mortality
Global Hunger Index: South Asia made more progress than Sub-
Saharan Africa
27.3
32.1
27.0 26.625.4 25.1
0
10
20
30
40
Sub-Saharan Africa South Asia
GH
I sc
ore
1992 1997 2003
Findings of Global Hunger Index
Hotspots of hunger:
Sub-Saharan Africa: slow progress in combating hunger, especially in reducing child mortality and undernutrition
South Asia: large strides in reducing hunger, improving child nutrition, but has highest rate of underweight children in the world
Who are the world’s poorest and hungry?
Households in remote rural areas, located furthest from roads, markets, schools, and health services
Those facing exclusion because of their ethnicity, gender or disability
People with few assets or education, or access to credit
Why those in ultra poverty stay poor?
From poor area or born poor
Effects of disasters or shocks can persist for years
Lack of education, labor, assets, and access to credit can create a trap
Belong to a disadvantaged group
The road ahead
“Business as usual” not sufficient to improve welfare of world’s most deprived
New and different action required to help those living in extreme poverty and hunger
To help the poorest move out of poverty
Improve access to markets and basic services, particularly in remote rural areas
Provide insurance against health shocks
Prevent child malnutrition
Invest in education for those with few assets
Address exclusion of disadvantaged groups