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World War II Unresolved Business Slide 2 Rise of Totalitarian Regimes Definition Examples Slide 3 Japan Emperor Hirohito Support of Hitler and Mussolini Extreme Nationalists General Hideki Tojo Wartime Prime Minister Slide 4 Spain Francisco Franco Fascist leader during Spanish Civil War Supported by Hitler and Mussolini Overthrew monarchy, Franco becomes leader Slide 5 Italy Fascism- new militant, political movement that emphasized loyalty to the state and obedience to its leader Benito Mussolini (Il Duce) Black Shirts attack Communists and Socialists Abolished democracy and outlawed other political parties Government censors Slide 6 The Black Shirts were a paramilitary squad organized in Italy by dictator Benito Mussolini in 1919. Slide 7 Russia Joseph Stalin Man of steel Perfect Communist State Agriculture- no private farms Industry- build massive govt owned factories, steel mills, power plants 5 Year Plans- attempt to build up economy Propaganda Russian Rights- they had NONE!! Police State Great Purge- enemies of the people Slide 8 Collective Farm Slide 9 Slide 10 Compare Differences: Lenin vs. Stalin Goal: create a classless society Allow some private business; let some peasants hold land Standard of living rises for many workers and peasants Goal: make USSR into a modern industrial power with all production under govt control Creates a command economy Brings all agriculture under govt control w/ peasant group farms Standard of living falls for most workers Slide 11 Germany Adolf Hitler (der Fuhrer) National Socialist German Workers Party Nazism Beer Hall Putsch Chancellor Slide 12 Germany contd Beliefs Master Race Aryans = blue-eyed, blond-hair Germans Inferior Races Jews, Slavs, Gypsies, Catholics, homosexuals, handicapped, and opponents of Hitler Lebensraum living space, Germany wanted to gain land for German speaking people Third Reich Third Empire to last thousand years. Military Hitler started to raise an army, navy, and air force. This was against the Treaty of Versailles. Slide 13 Slide 14 The Schutzstaffel, or SS, was the most feared organization. The SS was responsible for running the Nazi concentration camps and extermination centers. New members of the SS are sworn in at a midnight ceremony. Slide 15 Swastika The swastika is the Aryan symbol for the Sun! Its even-ness balances its- self out, like Yin- Yang. It was used by Hitler Slide 16 Causes of WWII Hitlers Aims The aggression of Hitlers Allies Democratic powers were passive The League of Nations failed Slide 17 Japans Dominance Manchuria- 1931 Withdraws from League of Nations China Rape of Nanjing- brutal invasion of Chinese mainland (1937) Slide 18 Japanese Troops Enter Manchuria Slide 19 Hirohito Reviews the Troops Slide 20 Nanjing Slide 21 Slide 22 Italian Invasion Italy takes over Ethiopia-1936 Stop sale of weapons/materials to Italy Slide 23 Hitlers Defiance of Treaty Rebuild army Rhineland- 1936 Took over Austria (1938), Sudetenland (1938), and Czechoslovakia (1939) Slide 24 German Troops in Cologne in the 1930s German Chancellor Adolf Hitler built up Germanys armed forces and sent troops into the Rhineland and Austria. Hitlers forces then seized Czechoslovakia, Poland, Denmark, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Belgium, Norway, and France. Slide 25 Slide 26 War Starts Munich Conference European democracies agreed that Germany would control Sudetenland to prevent war Nonaggression Pact (Nazi-Soviet Pact) Agreement 1 To split Poland Agreement 2 To agree not to attack each other. Eliminates possibility of 2 front war. Blitzkrieg lightning war, take enemy by surprise and quickly crush opponent with overwhelming force Stalin Annexes Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, & Finland. Europe Germany overran Norway, Denmark, the Netherlands, and Belgium Slide 27 Key Leaders/Groups Teams and Leaders Axis Germany, Italy, and Japan Germany Italy Japan Allies Great Britain, USSR, France, & USA Presidents European Commander Pacific Commander Slide 28 Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis Slide 29 Slide 30 Western Democracy Failure to Halt Aggression US Cuts Oil Off To Japan Neutrality Acts laws to prevent the US from selling arms or making loans to countries at war. Appeasement- Britain and France Slide 31 Slide 32 Slide 33 Hitlers Lightning War Blitzkrieg Soviet Move Invaded Poland, annexed Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Finland Slide 34 Result of German Blitzkrieg on Poland- September 1,1939 Slide 35 Turning Points in the war Britain and France declare war on Germany for invading Poland France Falls Italian and German troops attack France Paris Germans entered Paris in 6 weeks Free French French govt in exile worked to liberate their homeland Battle of Britain Germany bombed London, but Britain never gave up (Sept 1940) Slide 36 Winston Churchill and Charles de Gaulle Slide 37 Slide 38 Turning Points contd Germany wins most of Europe in 6 weeks USA Enters (1941) Common Beliefs USA/ Britain both against Nazi aggression Weapons US sells/ leases weapons to Britain US bans sale of war materials to Japan Pearl Harbor A day that will live in infamy- December 7, 1941 Crippled US fleet in one blow Reason- cutting off oil Slide 39 Slide 40 Slide 41 Pearl Harbor Attack Slide 42 Slide 43 Slide 44 Japanese Kamikaze Attack Kamikaze, which in Japanese means divine wind, were suicide squadrons organized by the Japanese air force in the last months of World War II. Pilots flew their aircraft, loaded with explosives, directly into U.S. naval vessels. Kamikaze pilots, sacrificing their lives in a last-ditch effort to stop the American advance, sank about 40 U.S. ships. Slide 45 FDR talking to Congress Slide 46 Areas of War Europe North Africa Pacific Two-Front War Slide 47 The Allies Strike Back Allies Turn the Tide of War Allies stop Japanese southward expansion The Battle of Midway Allies crippled Japanese fleet revenge for Pearl Harbor; outnumbered 4 to 1, US beat Japanese The Allies go on the Offensive island-hopping Slide 48 The Allies Are Victorious The Allies Plan for Victory Tide Turns on Two Fronts North African Campaigns Battle of El Alamein (1942)- British/ American forces trap Rommels army and he surrendered General Erwin Rommel gained many victories in N Africa Invasion of Italy victory in N Africa allowed for Allies to land in Italy (7/ 1943) Slide 49 Field Marshall Erwin Rommel Slide 50 French Troops in North Africa The engaged in several successful battles, led by General Philippe Leclerc, against Axis forces led by German General Erwin Rommel. In May 1943, after months of fighting, the Allies were able to force the final surrender of German and Italian troops in North Africa. Slide 51 German U-Boat Slide 52 B-17 Bomber Slide 53 Slide 54 Slide 55 Allied Advances Allied Troops ferried across English Channel and land on beaches of Normandy, France German Defenses broken and Allies advance toward Paris to free it from German control After Paris, Allies head to Germany Slide 56 Battle of Stalingrad (1942-1943) Turning Point for Soviets Germans invade Soviet Union in 1941 Stalled German troops stopped outside of Moscow and Leningrad (head to Stalingrad) German Troops surrender because of freezing winter Red Army drove Germans out of Soviet Union and advance toward Germany Slide 57 Germans Freeze in Battle of Stalingrad Slide 58 Defense of Stalingrad In the ruins of Stalingrad, shown here, Soviet soldiers fought the Germans building- by-building in a savage battle for the city that lasted for five months. Slide 59 Life on Allied Home Fronts Mobilizing for Total War Women Military Workplace Rosie the Riveter After the War Slide 60 Americas Women go to Work After Americas entrance into World War II, military production in the United States increased. Many women took jobs or volunteered in staffing weapons factories, earning the nickname of Rosie the Riveter. Intense rationing efforts of certain foods and materials, such as rubber and metals, were also enacted to feed Americas war machine. Slide 61 Rosie the Riveter Slide 62 Slide 63 Japanese Americans Relocation Executive Order 9066 established military zones for the imprisonment of Japanese Americans Why Americans feared Japanese Americans presented a threat to national security German/Italian descent no similar action taken Slide 64 Slide 65 Japanese Internment Slide 66 Slide 67 Slide 68 The Holocaust Begins Kristallnacht- Night of Broken Glass Flood of Refugees Isolating the Jews Hitlers Final Solution Mass killings begin The Final Stage- Mass Extermination The Survivors Slide 69 Map of Kristallnacht Slide 70 Kristallnacht Slide 71 Burning Synagogue Slide 72 Jewish Refugees Leave Germany Nazi soldiers jeer as this Jewish family leaves Memel, Germany, en route to Lithuania on April 6, 1939. Slide 73 Concentration Camp Map Slide 74 Glasses from Auschwitz Slide 75 Israel After WWII, the Allies (specifically Great Britain), created the country of Israel for Jews to have a safe homeland. The problem was that the land used to create Israel was known as Palestine an area controlled by Arabs. Slide 76 Diplomacy Atlantic Charter Yalta Conference Potsdam Conference Slide 77 Slide 78 Ending the War Europe D-Day US/ British Invasion of Europe Battle of the Bulge little movement, but Germans lost irreplaceable troops, tanks, guns, and planes Germanys Unconditional Surrender (V-E Day- 1945) FDR Dies - Before war is over, Truman takes over Slide 79 Invasion of Normandy A force of about 120,00 Allied soldiers were supported by more than 20,000 paratroopers. It was the largest seaborne invasion in history. Germans were take by surprise, because they expected an invasion to come from farther north, near Calais, at the narrowest part of the English Channel. Slide 80 D-Day Troops Slide 81 D-Day Slide 82 The Battle of the Bulge was the last German offensive of World War II. It was launched at the end of 1944 in an attempt to divide the British and American forces and retake the seaport of Antwerp, in Belgium. Shown here are German troops. Slide 83 Manhattan Project- creation of Atom Bomb J. Robert Oppenheimer Created Use it or not Pro Save millions of American lives in war Con Destruction and effects of bomb Slide 84 Interesting Fact: Einstein himself decided to write President Roosevelt to make him aware of the critical challenge that nuclear power posed and the need to develop atomic weaponry before the Germans did. This led to the idea of the Manhattan Project, in Los Alamos, NM. Einstein did not work on the project, but his theories were used. Slide 85 Slide 86 Atomic Bomb Dropped Truman makes decision Hiroshima Dropped By Enola Gay Nagasaki Bombs Names Little Boy and Fat Man V-J Day Slide 87 An Atomic Bomb Slide 88 B-29 Bomber Slide 89 Enola Gay Slide 90 Slide 91 Aftermath of Atomic Bomb in Hiroshima The blast destroyed 68 percent of the city and damaged another 24 percent, and an estimated 60,000 to 70,000 people were killed or reported missing, according to United States estimates. Slide 92 Hiroshima After the Bomb Slide 93 Post- war Japan Occupation 6 yr, reformed economy/ govt MacArthur Constitution democratic constitution, still used today War Crimes Tojo and others tried and 7 sentenced to death/ others jailed. Slide 94 Japanese Surrender Japanese officials formally surrendered to the Allies on September 2, 1945, aboard the United States battleship Missouri. Japan's surrender brought an end to World War II (1939-1945). Slide 95 Slide 96 Impact of WWII Human Losses 75 million people Stalin killed 15 million Economic Losses- parts of Europe and Asia destroyed by war Nuremberg Trials 22 surviving Nazi leaders tried for crimes against humanity Showed leaders could be held accountable for actions Slide 97 Impact contd Occupied Nations To prevent another war W. Nations- occupied Japan and W. Germany (democratic governments) Soviets occupied Eastern Europe (communist governments) United Nations Provided place to discuss world problems and develop solutions General Assembly- includes representatives from all member nations with one vote each Security Council- 15 member nations; 5 permanent (US, Russia, France, Britain, & China) Slide 98 Slide 99 Slide 100 Now what is going to happen in the world????