World War II The inevitable war Part I Axis Aggression.
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Transcript of World War II The inevitable war Part I Axis Aggression.
![Page 1: World War II The inevitable war Part I Axis Aggression.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649ee05503460f94bf0360/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
World War II The inevitable war
Part I
Axis Aggression
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• 1) Invasion of Poland - German invasion of the Polish corridor finally led to a declaration of war by Britain & France
• 2) “phony War” - France & Britain stand by defensively while Germany conquers Poland, Denmark, Norway, Netherlands & Belgium……..Allies not involved.
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Invasion of Poland
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Occupied Warsaw
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•3) Dunkirk - French & British troops trapped by Germany’s rapid advance through France are evacuated to Britain
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Blitzkrieg……...
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Dunkirk after evacuation
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France surrenders……Only 6 weeks
•4) Vichy Regime - S. France which became a fascist collaborating “puppet government”
• N. France occupied by Germany
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Armistice signed in the same
train car...
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• 5) Battle of Britain - Germany began a massive bombing campaign to demoralize the British
• Churchill- offers nothing but “blood, toil, sweat, and tears.”
• RAF successfully defended - • radar!
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British bomb shelter
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America’s support role expands
•6) Cash & carry - Allies could buy war goods from the US to transport in their own ships
•7)Lend-Lease - Allies could buy war goods from US on credit in exchange for leases on military base
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•8)The Atlantic Charter - Churchill and Roosevelt agree on war aims…August 1941
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•9) Germany invades Balkans - when Mussolini unsuccessfully invades Greece, Hitler has to divert attention to the Balkans to help
• Germany takes Hungary, Romania, Yugoslavia, Bulgaria
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•10) North Africa - Italians and Germans attack French & British holdings in North Africa
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Operation Barbarossa
•11) Invasion of the Soviet Union- Hitler needs raw materials - oil & grain
• Three pronged German attack: Leningrad Moscow Stalingrad
• Stalin responds with scorched earth policy
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Leningrad
Moscow
Stalingrad
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Germans invade Russia
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12. Japanese get involved.
•Japanese in Asia - Japan moves to take Dutch & French colonial holdings
• US responds with trade embargo against Japan
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• 13.Pearl Harbor - Japanese bombers attacked US Pacific fleet based in Hawaii
• sank battleships…but aircraft carriers were not at port!
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Destroyed US battleships...
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BELLIGERENTS ……...•Axis: • Germany
• Italy
• Japan
•Allies:• Great Britain• Soviet Union
(Russia)• United States• govts in exile -
“Free French”
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•The Axis Powers seem invincible
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World War II The Inevitable War
Part II
Allied Advance
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Causes of WWII
• End of Old Order• Political instability• Disillusionment• Resentment• Economic suffering• Social chaos• Nationalism• Rise of dictatorships• Aggressive Expansion
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Gradual gains for the allies
• 1. The Bismarck - “unsinkable” new German battleship
• British sink it - ends German ability to dominate the Atlantic with surface ships
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The Battleship Bismarck
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2.
•Battle of Stalingrad - prolonged German offensive
• Russians hold city against unbelievable odds
• Russian counteroffensive encircles entire German 6th army & forces its surrender
• Begins Russian offensive
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Trapped German 6th army
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3. German advance in North Africa……..
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Erwin Rommel - the Desert
Fox
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Halted by British and American Tanks in North Africa…...
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British General Bernard
Montgomery“Monty”
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British troops advance at4. El Alamein
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Germans & Italians surrender in North Africa
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5. Allied invasion of Italy
• Allies launch invasion of Sicily from North Africa
• Mussolini is denounced and arrested by Italian government
• Italy announces declaration of war against Germany
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Mussolini & mistress
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6. American Victories in the Pacific
• Battle of Midway - Americans sink Japanese aircraft carriers
• Americans begin “island leapfrogging”
• Japanese “kamikazes” -
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Battle of Midway
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Kamikazi about to hit Intrepid
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7. D-Day June 6, 1944• American led Allied forces launch a
surprise invasion of German-occupied France at Normandy
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paratroopers
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Germans expect
landing at Calais
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• Transport ships ferried troops for the largest amphibious attack in history
• high casualties
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8. Allied Drive from West
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Allied paratroopers land in the Netherlands- largest ever
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Market Garden
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• German counteroffensive in the Ardennes
• The Battle of the Bulge
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9. Soviet Drive from East
• Supported by industry beyond the Ural Mountains
• Soviets Drive towards Berlin
• The Soviets reach Berlin FIRST
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10. Yalta
Churchill Roosevelt Stalin
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The Big Three agree that:• Germany would be divided.
• Part of Poland would go to the Soviet Union.
• The Soviet Union would declare war on Japan two to three months after defeating Germany.
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11.V-E DAY
Montgomery presides over
German Surrender
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• Germans sign unconditional surrender
• War in Europe is over! (May 8, 1945)
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12. Potsdam
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• New “Big Three”• Stalin (still there)
• Clement Attlee (replaced Churchill)
• Harry Truman (replaced Roosevelt)
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Now to focus on the Pacific!
• At Potsdam, the Big Three finalized plans for administration of Europe
• Germany & Berlin to be divided into four zones of occupation
• administered by Big Three countries plus France
• free elections to be held later for self -determination
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13. Hiroshima/NagasakiLittle Boy and Fat Man
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Devastation Innocents
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Nagasaki
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14. V-J Day• Soviet Union declares war on Japan
day after Hiroshima bombing• Japanese won’t agree to
unconditional surrender• 2nd bomb dropped on Nagasaki• unconditional surrender by the
Japanese (Sept 2, 1945)
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The End of World War II
Will we ever have to have another?
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Effects of WWII
• Shift in balance of power- Britain, France and Germany lost world dominance.
• Emergence of superpowers-US and USSR
• Creation of New nations– Most of the colonial positions of the world were given independence.
• Founding of the United Nations
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Effects Cont.
• 55 million people died in result of combat. (Russia lost the most at 22 million)
• 12 million died at the hands of the Nazis during the Holocaust.
• Millions more died in Asia at the hands of the Japanese genocide campaigns.
• Total Cost of the war—1.5 trillion in 1940s money