World War II in American History: Teaching “The Good War”?
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Transcript of World War II in American History: Teaching “The Good War”?
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“The Good War”
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The Good War
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New Themes in Teaching World War II
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Theme One: The US Role in the World
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Europe in Ruins• 75% of Berlin’s buildings
uninhabitable• Food rationing continued in
Britain until 1954• 10,000,000 DPs, most in
Germany against their will• France lost 500,000
buildings• USSR lost 70,000 villages• Yugoslavia lost 75% of its
livestock
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Europe in Ruins• Two-thirds of all German
males born in 1918 were dead
• USSR lost 20,000,000 men• 200,000 Polish children had
no parents alive• Hungary’s ration was 550
calories per day (US intake is 3,000)
• 5,000,000 Jews killed• Infant mortality in Europe
exceeded 25% in 1945
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Potsdam Conference17 July to 2 August 1945
• Unconditional Surrender for Japan
• “The freely expressed will of the Japanese people” will determine its government
• Each power to take reparations from its sector of Germany
• Germany to be “denazified”• Surrender of Japanese
forces in Korea and Vietnam agreed.
Clement Atlee, Harry Truman, and Josef Stalin at Potsdam. France was not invited to send a representative.
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Role of the USA• Marshall Plan
– $4.6 billion in aid to democratic capitalist states
• Rapid redevelopment of Germany
• Creation of NATO• Permanent place of the USA• Insertion of US firms into
European economy• Formation of the United
Nations, IMF
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Theme Two: Home Front USA
Women welders at Ingalls Shipbuilders in Pascagoula, Mississippi, 1943
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Aircraft Production
0100002000030000400005000060000700008000090000100000
1940 1942 1944
USAUKUSSRGermanyJapan
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Artillery Pieces
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Major Naval Vessels
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UKUSSRGermanyJapan
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Major Naval Vessels (USA included)
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USAUKUSSRGermanyJapan
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Steel (in millions of tons)
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USAUKUSSRGermanyJapan
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Labor Forces• 90 Division Gamble and
Selective Service• US had three latent labor
pools (women, African Americans, Mexicans)
• US added 6,000,000 jobs in three years– GM alone added 750,000
• In Germany there were 400,000 fewer female workers in 1941 than 1939
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Japanese Internment
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Detroit Race Riot, 1943
(Un)intended Consequences?
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What did the war really change?
Lunch counter sit inGreensboro, NC, 1960
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Theme Three: World War II’s Uniqueness
Eisenhower and other senior American officers tour a liberated concentration camp
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The American Century
Signing of the UN Charter, San Francisco, 1945
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Unity
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Contrast to Later Wars
“Police Action” in Korea
Vietnam
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Some Further Reading
• Paul Fussell, Wartime• Studs Terkel, The Good
War• E. B. Sledge, With the
Old Breed• David Nichols, ed.
Ernie’s War• J. Glenn Gray, The
WarriorsStuds Terkel