World War IIWorld War II

December 2, 2013December 2, 2013

World War II begins in EuropeWorld War II begins in Europe

World War II started in 1939 when World War II started in 1939 when Germany invaded PolandGermany invaded Poland

Adolf Hitler was trying to unite all Adolf Hitler was trying to unite all countries with Germans living in them countries with Germans living in them under his Nazi governmentunder his Nazi government

There were 2 groups fighting each other There were 2 groups fighting each other during the warduring the war– The The Axis PowersAxis Powers were Germany, Italy, and were Germany, Italy, and

JapanJapan– The The Allied PowersAllied Powers were Great Britain, France, were Great Britain, France,

and the Soviet Unionand the Soviet Union

The U.S. in WWIIThe U.S. in WWII Just like with WWI, the U.S. remained Just like with WWI, the U.S. remained

neutral at the start of World War IIneutral at the start of World War II However, President Franklin Roosevelt However, President Franklin Roosevelt

wanted to help our ally, Great Britainwanted to help our ally, Great Britain There were laws, however, stating that the There were laws, however, stating that the

U.S. could not sell any weapons to any U.S. could not sell any weapons to any warring nationswarring nations

In 1939, Roosevelt asked for and received In 1939, Roosevelt asked for and received a new law that allowed Allied Powers to a new law that allowed Allied Powers to buy weapons if they paid cash and carried buy weapons if they paid cash and carried them on their own shipsthem on their own ships

Lend-LeaseLend-Lease

In 1941, the British ran out of cash to In 1941, the British ran out of cash to buy American supplies.buy American supplies.

In response, the U.S. began lending In response, the U.S. began lending or leasing weapons to themor leasing weapons to them

Also in 1941, Roosevelt gave lend-Also in 1941, Roosevelt gave lend-lease aid to the Soviet Unionlease aid to the Soviet Union

American-Japanese RelationsAmerican-Japanese Relations

To protest Japanese expansion in the To protest Japanese expansion in the Pacific Ocean, Roosevelt stopped Pacific Ocean, Roosevelt stopped exporting aviation supplies, including exporting aviation supplies, including fuel, to Japanfuel, to Japan

Roosevelt also seized all property Roosevelt also seized all property owned by Japanese in the U.S.owned by Japanese in the U.S.

In retaliation, Japan decided to strike In retaliation, Japan decided to strike at the U.S. Navy stationed at Pearl at the U.S. Navy stationed at Pearl Harbor, HawaiiHarbor, Hawaii

Pearl HarborPearl Harbor

Around 8 am, on December 7, 1941, Around 8 am, on December 7, 1941, sailors stationed at Pearl Harbor sailors stationed at Pearl Harbor began hearing machine gun fire and began hearing machine gun fire and low-level bombinglow-level bombing

Japanese war planes were flying in, Japanese war planes were flying in, dropping bombs, and flying out againdropping bombs, and flying out again

The attack lasted less than 2 hours, The attack lasted less than 2 hours, but the damage was incredible to the but the damage was incredible to the U.S Navy’s Pacific fleetU.S Navy’s Pacific fleet

Damage at Pearl HarborDamage at Pearl Harbor There were 8 battleships in port at the There were 8 battleships in port at the

time, and all were destroyed or severely time, and all were destroyed or severely damageddamaged

More than 180 planes were destroyedMore than 180 planes were destroyed Over 2000 people were killed and over Over 2000 people were killed and over

1000 were wounded1000 were wounded Almost half of the U.S. casualties were on Almost half of the U.S. casualties were on

board the board the U.S.S. ArizonaU.S.S. Arizona, which sank with , which sank with most of the crew on boardmost of the crew on board

Today, a national monument is in place Today, a national monument is in place over the site of the over the site of the Arizona’sArizona’s sinking sinking

The U.S. enters World War IIThe U.S. enters World War II

On December 8, 1941, the U.S. declared On December 8, 1941, the U.S. declared war on Japanwar on Japan

A few days later, Germany and Italy A few days later, Germany and Italy declared war on the U.S.declared war on the U.S.

The U.S. joined the Allied PowersThe U.S. joined the Allied Powers This meant they had to fight on two frontsThis meant they had to fight on two fronts

– They faced Germany and Italy in Europe and They faced Germany and Italy in Europe and North AfricaNorth Africa

– They faced Japan in the PacificThey faced Japan in the Pacific

World War II ends the Great World War II ends the Great DepressionDepression

In order to fight a war, weapons and other In order to fight a war, weapons and other supplies are neededsupplies are needed

When the U.S. began spending heavily in When the U.S. began spending heavily in 1941 for defense, new plants and factories 1941 for defense, new plants and factories were openedwere opened

Jobs were created, helping many who were Jobs were created, helping many who were still unemployed find a jobstill unemployed find a job

Others joined the militaryOthers joined the military This allowed for business recovery and This allowed for business recovery and

unemployment numbers to go down and unemployment numbers to go down and the economy recoveredthe economy recovered

Georgia in WWIIGeorgia in WWII

Georgia played a large role in WWIIGeorgia played a large role in WWII Not only did Georgia have military Not only did Georgia have military

bases that played a part, but new bases that played a part, but new factories were opened in Georgia to factories were opened in Georgia to build military suppliesbuild military supplies

Georgia also had respected leaders, Georgia also had respected leaders, both in state government as well as both in state government as well as federal governmentfederal government

Bell AircraftBell Aircraft When the federal government decided to When the federal government decided to

build more B-29 bomber airplanes, new build more B-29 bomber airplanes, new plants were neededplants were needed

One of these was built in MariettaOne of these was built in Marietta When the plant first opened, only 1200 When the plant first opened, only 1200

people were employedpeople were employed By 1945, 27,000 employees built 60-65 By 1945, 27,000 employees built 60-65

planes a monthplanes a month The plant closed after the war, but was The plant closed after the war, but was

reopened in 1950 by the Lockheed Martin reopened in 1950 by the Lockheed Martin Corporation and is still open todayCorporation and is still open today

Military Bases in GeorgiaMilitary Bases in Georgia Major military bases in Georgia played a role in Major military bases in Georgia played a role in

WWIIWWII Fort Benning trained new infantry soldiersFort Benning trained new infantry soldiers Fort McPherson received new draftees from all Fort McPherson received new draftees from all

over the countryover the country Airmen from Glynco Naval Air Station, on the Airmen from Glynco Naval Air Station, on the

coast, patrolled for German submarinescoast, patrolled for German submarines A military hospital operated in Atlanta, Fort Gillem A military hospital operated in Atlanta, Fort Gillem

was used for storage, and prisoners of war were was used for storage, and prisoners of war were held at Fort Benning, as well as others around the held at Fort Benning, as well as others around the state state

Savannah and Brunswick Savannah and Brunswick ShipyardsShipyards

Cargo ships, called “Liberty ships” for Cargo ships, called “Liberty ships” for WWII were built at the shipyards at WWII were built at the shipyards at Savannah and Brunswick, on the Savannah and Brunswick, on the Georgia coastGeorgia coast

The first was launched in 1942 – the The first was launched in 1942 – the U.S.S. James OglethorpeU.S.S. James Oglethorpe

All together, both shipyards had All together, both shipyards had produced 187 ships by the end of the produced 187 ships by the end of the warwar

Richard B. RussellRichard B. Russell

Russell became Georgia’s governor in Russell became Georgia’s governor in 19311931

He tried to run the state as a successful He tried to run the state as a successful business, which helped ease some of the business, which helped ease some of the problems brought on by the Depressionproblems brought on by the Depression

In 1932, he was elected to the U.S. In 1932, he was elected to the U.S. Senate, where he supported strong Senate, where he supported strong national defense during WWIInational defense during WWII

He went on to become an advisor to 6 He went on to become an advisor to 6 future presidentsfuture presidents

Carl VinsonCarl Vinson

Carl Vinson served 25 consecutive terms Carl Vinson served 25 consecutive terms in the U.S. House of Representatives from in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1914 to 19651914 to 1965

Vinson represented Georgia’s interest in Vinson represented Georgia’s interest in the military during WWI and WWIIthe military during WWI and WWII

He helped promote a strong national He helped promote a strong national defense, both during WWII and afterdefense, both during WWII and after

He retired to his farm in Milledgeville in He retired to his farm in Milledgeville in 19651965

The HolocaustThe Holocaust Meanwhile, in Europe, Hitler believed that the Meanwhile, in Europe, Hitler believed that the

German people were superior to everyone elseGerman people were superior to everyone else– He wanted to destroy others who he believed to be He wanted to destroy others who he believed to be

inferiorinferior He particularly hated people of the Jewish raceHe particularly hated people of the Jewish race

– In 1942, Hitler ordered the destruction of Europe’s entire In 1942, Hitler ordered the destruction of Europe’s entire population of Jewspopulation of Jews

Jews were captured and put into concentration Jews were captured and put into concentration camps, like Auschwitz and Dachaucamps, like Auschwitz and Dachau

The The HolocaustHolocaust is the mass murder of millions of is the mass murder of millions of Jews and other people by the Nazis during WWIIJews and other people by the Nazis during WWII

Georgia Remembers the HolocaustGeorgia Remembers the Holocaust

In 1986, the Georgia Commission on In 1986, the Georgia Commission on the Holocaust was establishedthe Holocaust was established

The Commission tries to foster The Commission tries to foster tolerance, good citizenship, and tolerance, good citizenship, and character development in young character development in young GeorgiansGeorgians

It hopes to lead a new generation It hopes to lead a new generation beyond racismbeyond racism

Franklin Roosevelt’s Connection to Franklin Roosevelt’s Connection to GeorgiaGeorgia

Roosevelt suffered from polio, which is a Roosevelt suffered from polio, which is a disease that damages the nervous system disease that damages the nervous system and can cause paralysisand can cause paralysis

In 1924, Roosevelt began visiting Warm In 1924, Roosevelt began visiting Warm Springs, GA as treatment for his polioSprings, GA as treatment for his polio

When he became president, his Warm When he became president, his Warm Springs house became known as the Little Springs house became known as the Little White HouseWhite House

On April 24, 1945, Roosevelt died while at On April 24, 1945, Roosevelt died while at the Little White House after suffering a the Little White House after suffering a strokestroke

The End of WWIIThe End of WWII

Roosevelt’s vice-president, Harry Truman, Roosevelt’s vice-president, Harry Truman, became president after Roosevelt’s deathbecame president after Roosevelt’s death

He guided the U.S. through the end of the He guided the U.S. through the end of the war in Europe, with the death of Hitler and war in Europe, with the death of Hitler and Germany’s surrender in May 1945Germany’s surrender in May 1945

He also made the decision to drop the He also made the decision to drop the atomic bombs on Japan, ending the war in atomic bombs on Japan, ending the war in the Pacific in September 1945.the Pacific in September 1945.

Questions…Questions… 1) Who were the 2 sides in WWII?1) Who were the 2 sides in WWII? 2) Who were Axis Powers in WWII?2) Who were Axis Powers in WWII? 3) Who were Allied Powers in WWII?3) Who were Allied Powers in WWII? 4) How was the U.S. helping the Allied Powers before 4) How was the U.S. helping the Allied Powers before

entering the war?entering the war? 5) Describe the Lend-Lease program.5) Describe the Lend-Lease program. 6) Why did the Japanese decide to attack Pearl Harbor?6) Why did the Japanese decide to attack Pearl Harbor? 7) When was the attack at Pearl Harbor?7) When was the attack at Pearl Harbor? 8) Describe the damage after the Japanese attack at Pearl 8) Describe the damage after the Japanese attack at Pearl

Harbor.Harbor. 9) Which side did the U.S. fight on in WWII?9) Which side did the U.S. fight on in WWII? 10) How did WWII end the Great Depression?10) How did WWII end the Great Depression? 11) What type of plant was built in Marietta and what 11) What type of plant was built in Marietta and what

specifically did it build?specifically did it build?

More Questions…More Questions… 12) How were different military bases used in Georgia? Be 12) How were different military bases used in Georgia? Be

specific!specific! 13) What was built at the Savannah and Brunswick 13) What was built at the Savannah and Brunswick

shipyards during WWII?shipyards during WWII? 14) How did Richard Russell ease the Depression while he 14) How did Richard Russell ease the Depression while he

was governor?was governor? 15) What did Russell support while he was in the U.S. 15) What did Russell support while he was in the U.S.

Senate?Senate? 16) What interest did Carl Vinson represent for Georgia 16) What interest did Carl Vinson represent for Georgia

during the WWI and WWII?during the WWI and WWII? 17) What is the Holocaust?17) What is the Holocaust? 18) How does Georgia remember the Holocaust?18) How does Georgia remember the Holocaust? 19) Where did Roosevelt go in Georgia to ease his polio 19) Where did Roosevelt go in Georgia to ease his polio

symptoms?symptoms?