World War II
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Transcript of World War II
World War IIWorld War II
Germany has to cede Germany has to cede Alsace-LorraineAlsace-Lorraine to to FranceFrance
Germany has to cede Germany has to cede coal minescoal mines in Saar to in Saar to FranceFrance
Germany has to cede Germany has to cede West-Prussia and all West-Prussia and all
of Posenof Posen to the new country of POLAND to the new country of POLAND
Germany has to give up Germany has to give up all coloniesall colonies
Germany has to cede Germany has to cede all war materials
all war materials to to alliesallies
Germany not allowed to Germany not allowed to
have:have:
TanksTanksWarshipsWarshipsAirplanesAirplanesPoison GasPoison Gas
Germany must limit size of Germany must limit size of army & army & navynavy
Germany must pay Germany must pay 20 billion20 billion gold gold marksmarks
440 Articles 440 Articles blamedblamedGermany for Germany for WWIWWI
Creating Creating DemocraciesDemocracies
President President WilsonWilson ““14 Points”14 Points”
Creating Creating DemocraciesDemocracies
President President WilsonWilson ““14 Points”14 Points”
President President BushBush
Iraq Iraq
WarWar
““The way Europe worked for The way Europe worked for centuries was through war, centuries was through war, displacement of citizens, anddisplacement of citizens, and
restructuring of national borders.”restructuring of national borders.”
Wilson’s Goals:Wilson’s Goals:Make the world safe for Make the world safe for democracydemocracy
Wilson’s Goals:Wilson’s Goals:Make the world safe for Make the world safe for democracydemocracyCarve up Carve up EuropeEurope(Based on (Based on nationalities)nationalities)
Wilson’s Goals:Wilson’s Goals:Make the world safe for Make the world safe for democracydemocracyCarve up Carve up EuropeEurope
Force DEMOCRATIC Force DEMOCRATIC governmentsgovernments
(Based on (Based on nationalities)nationalities)
NationalismNationalism::1. Division of Europe by 1. Division of Europe by nationalities...nationalities...
NationalismNationalism::1. Division of Europe by 1. Division of Europe by nationalities...nationalities...
2. Loyalty to country & its people* 2. Loyalty to country & its people*
ABOVE ALL ABOVE ALL ELSEELSE
NationalismNationalism::1. Division of Europe by 1. Division of Europe by nationalities...nationalities...
2. Loyalty to country & its people* 2. Loyalty to country & its people*
ABOVE ALL ABOVE ALL ELSEELSE
*People of the same blood *People of the same blood regardless of geographyregardless of geography
SOVIET SOVIET UNIONUNION
1. “Uncle Joe” became leader of 1. “Uncle Joe” became leader of SovietsSoviets
Stalin’s Goals:Stalin’s Goals:
1. “Uncle Joe” became leader of 1. “Uncle Joe” became leader of SovietsSoviets
Stalin’s Goals:Stalin’s Goals:
2. Tried to create the perfect2. Tried to create the perfectCommunist Communist statestate
1. “Uncle Joe” became leader of 1. “Uncle Joe” became leader of SovietsSoviets
Stalin’s Goals:Stalin’s Goals:
2. Tried to create the perfect2. Tried to create the perfectCommunist Communist statestate3. Abolished private 3. Abolished private
farms,farms, established collectives established collectives massive massive industrializationindustrialization
ITALYITALY
Mussolini’s Rise:Mussolini’s Rise:1. Unemployment + inflation = 1. Unemployment + inflation =
strikesstrikes
Mussolini’s Rise:Mussolini’s Rise:1. Unemployment + inflation = 1. Unemployment + inflation =
strikesstrikes2. Upper-class wanted government 2. Upper-class wanted government
helphelp
Mussolini’s Rise:Mussolini’s Rise:1. Unemployment + inflation = 1. Unemployment + inflation =
strikesstrikes2. Upper-class wanted government 2. Upper-class wanted government
helphelp
3. Benito Mussolini = NATIONALISM3. Benito Mussolini = NATIONALISM
Mussolini’s Rise:Mussolini’s Rise:1. Unemployment + inflation = 1. Unemployment + inflation =
strikesstrikes2. Upper-class wanted government 2. Upper-class wanted government
helphelp
3. Benito Mussolini = NATIONALISM3. Benito Mussolini = NATIONALISM
4. Practiced 4. Practiced TOTALITARIANISMTOTALITARIANISM
TotalitarianismTotalitarianism::1.1. Method of control in which a Method of control in which a
country’s individuals have little or country’s individuals have little or no freedoms separate from theno freedoms separate from thegovernment’s wishesgovernment’s wishes
GERMANYGERMANY
Hitler promised to raiseHitler promised to raiseGermany from the Germany from the
shame of the shame of the Treaty of Treaty of VersaillesVersailles
The League of The League of NationsNationsFAILSFAILS
The League of The League of NationsNationsFAILSFAILS
It’s fatal flaw? It’s fatal flaw? No military for No military for enforcementenforcement
The League of The League of NationsNationsFAILSFAILS
It’s fatal flaw? It’s fatal flaw? No military for No military for enforcementenforcement
Failure in Failure in JapanJapan
The League of The League of NationsNationsFAILSFAILS
It’s fatal flaw? It’s fatal flaw? No military for No military for enforcementenforcement
Failure in Failure in JapanJapan
Hitler increased size of Hitler increased size of armyarmy
The League of The League of NationsNationsFAILSFAILS
It’s fatal flaw? It’s fatal flaw? No military for No military for enforcementenforcement
Failure in Failure in JapanJapan
Hitler increased size of Hitler increased size of armyarmy
The League couldn’t stop The League couldn’t stop himhim
The League of The League of NationsNationsFAILSFAILS
It’s fatal flaw? It’s fatal flaw? No military for No military for enforcementenforcement
Failure in Failure in JapanJapan
Hitler increased size of Hitler increased size of armyarmy
The League couldn’t stop The League couldn’t stop himhim
Italy gave all power to Il Italy gave all power to Il DuceDuce
The League of The League of NationsNationsFAILSFAILS
It’s fatal flaw? It’s fatal flaw? No military for No military for enforcementenforcement
Failure in Failure in JapanJapan
Hitler increased size of Hitler increased size of armyarmy
The League couldn’t stop The League couldn’t stop himhim
Italy gave all power to Il Italy gave all power to Il DuceDuce
The League did nothingThe League did nothing
Isolationism:Isolationism:
1.1. Belief that one’s country should Belief that one’s country should stay out of other countries stay out of other countries conflictsconflicts
The “America First” The “America First” CommitteeCommittee
“...and the Wolf chewed up the children and spit out their bones...But those were Foreign Children and it didn’t really
matter.”
Hitler’s Rise to Hitler’s Rise to PowerPower
Germany asks FranceGermany asks FranceFor moratorium—For moratorium—
FranceFranceRefusesRefuses
France controls France controls Germany’s Germany’s
richest richest production areaproduction area
German workers German workers strike/inflation risesstrike/inflation rises
19221922
Hitler’s Rise to Hitler’s Rise to PowerPower
Hitler acts out Hitler acts out “Beer Hall “Beer Hall Putsch”Putsch”
““Putsch” failsPutsch” failsHitler imprisonedHitler imprisoned
Writes “Writes “Mein KampfMein Kampf””
Mein KampfMein Kampf explains principles explains principles
of Nazismof Nazism
Hitler’s Rise to Hitler’s Rise to PowerPower
Hitler gains a Hitler gains a following as a saviorfollowing as a savior
Democratically Democratically elected as PM of elected as PM of
WeimarWeimar
Establishes the Establishes the Third ReichThird Reich
19331933
Austria (formerly Austria-Hungary” Austria (formerly Austria-Hungary” was not allowed to join Germany...was not allowed to join Germany...
Hitler takes AustriaHitler takes Austria
““German Austria must unite itself German Austria must unite itself with the German Motherland...”with the German Motherland...”
—Hitler —Hitler Mein KampfMein Kampf
Austria (formerly Austria-Hungary” Austria (formerly Austria-Hungary” was not allowed to join Germany...was not allowed to join Germany...
Austrian Chancellor accepted Hitler’s Austrian Chancellor accepted Hitler’s terms for control of Austria (by vote)terms for control of Austria (by vote)
Hitler takes AustriaHitler takes Austria
Austria (formerly Austria-Hungary” Austria (formerly Austria-Hungary” was not allowed to join Germany...was not allowed to join Germany...
Austrian Chancellor accepted Hitler’s Austrian Chancellor accepted Hitler’s terms for control of Austria (by vote)terms for control of Austria (by vote)
Hitler invaded Austria (1938)Hitler invaded Austria (1938)
Hitler takes AustriaHitler takes Austria
Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia
Czechs...7,447,000Czechs...7,447,000
Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia
Czechs...7,447,000Czechs...7,447,000
Germans...3,218,000Germans...3,218,000
Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia
Czechs...7,447,000Czechs...7,447,000
Germans...3,218,000Germans...3,218,000Slovaks...2,309,000Slovaks...2,309,000
Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia
Czechs...7,447,000Czechs...7,447,000
Germans...3,218,000Germans...3,218,000Slovaks...2,309,000Slovaks...2,309,000Magyars...729,000Magyars...729,000
Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia
Czechs...7,447,000Czechs...7,447,000
Germans...3,218,000Germans...3,218,000Slovaks...2,309,000Slovaks...2,309,000Magyars...729,000Magyars...729,000Ruthenes...569,000Ruthenes...569,000
Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia
Czechs...7,447,000Czechs...7,447,000
Germans...3,218,000Germans...3,218,000Slovaks...2,309,000Slovaks...2,309,000Magyars...729,000Magyars...729,000Ruthenes...569,000Ruthenes...569,000
Poles...100,000Poles...100,000
Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia
Czechs...7,447,000Czechs...7,447,000
Germans...3,218,000Germans...3,218,000Slovaks...2,309,000Slovaks...2,309,000Magyars...729,000Magyars...729,000Ruthenes...569,000Ruthenes...569,000
Poles...100,000Poles...100,000Others...266,000Others...266,000
Hitler takes Hitler takes CzechoslovakiaCzechoslovakia
Sudetenland contained large # of Sudetenland contained large # of German-speaking , pro-Nazi German-speaking , pro-Nazi
populationpopulation
Hitler takes Hitler takes CzechoslovakiaCzechoslovakia
Sudetenland contained large # of Sudetenland contained large # of German-speaking , pro-Nazi German-speaking , pro-Nazi
populationpopulation
Hitler & Chamberlain met 3 times over Hitler & Chamberlain met 3 times over the Sudetenland in N. Czechoslovakiathe Sudetenland in N. Czechoslovakia
Hitler takes Hitler takes CzechoslovakiaCzechoslovakia
Sudetenland contained large # of Sudetenland contained large # of German-speaking , pro-Nazi German-speaking , pro-Nazi
populationpopulation
Hitler & Chamberlain met 3 times over Hitler & Chamberlain met 3 times over the Sudetenland in N. Czechoslovakiathe Sudetenland in N. Czechoslovakia
The Munich Agreement The Munich Agreement (Sudetenland would be Hitler’s last demand)(Sudetenland would be Hitler’s last demand)
Hitler & Hitler & StalinStalin
Soviet Union signed Soviet Union signed non-aggression pactnon-aggression pact
With GermanyWith Germany
Hitler & Hitler & StalinStalin
Soviet Union signed Soviet Union signed non-aggression pactnon-aggression pact
With GermanyWith Germany
Stalin gained eastern Stalin gained eastern half of Polandhalf of Poland
Hitler’s Attack Style Hitler’s Attack Style BLITZKRIEBLITZKRIE
GG
Stage 1: Air Stage 1: Air bombingbombing
Stage 2: Tanks & Stage 2: Tanks & Artillery Artillery
Stage 3: Flanking Stage 3: Flanking InfantryInfantry
Highly Highly effective effective
fighting stylefighting style
Fighting in Poland Fighting in Poland was over in 3 was over in 3
weeksweeks
Hitler takes FranceHitler takes France
Hitler planned to attack France Hitler planned to attack France after Polandafter Poland
Hitler takes FranceHitler takes France
Hitler planned to attack France Hitler planned to attack France after Polandafter Poland
French behind “Maginot Line”French behind “Maginot Line”
Hitler takes FranceHitler takes France
Hitler planned to attack France Hitler planned to attack France after Polandafter Poland
French behind “Maginot Line”French behind “Maginot Line”
Germans behind “Siegfried Germans behind “Siegfried Line”Line”
Hitler takes FranceHitler takes France
Hitler planned to attack France Hitler planned to attack France after Polandafter Poland
French behind “Maginot Line”French behind “Maginot Line”
Germans behind “Siegfried Germans behind “Siegfried Line”Line”A year spent waiting = “Phony A year spent waiting = “Phony War”War”
Hitler takes FranceHitler takes France
Hitler attacked Belgium & Hitler attacked Belgium & “walked to “walked to France” France”
Hitler takes FranceHitler takes France
Hitler attacked Belgium & Hitler attacked Belgium & “walked to “walked to France” France” Handed France his surrender Handed France his surrender termsterms
Hitler takes FranceHitler takes France
Hitler attacked Belgium & Hitler attacked Belgium & “walked to “walked to France” France” Handed France his surrender Handed France his surrender termsterms
Germany controlled N. FranceGermany controlled N. France
Hitler takes FranceHitler takes France
Hitler attacked Belgium & Hitler attacked Belgium & “walked to “walked to France” France” Handed France his surrender Handed France his surrender termsterms
Germany controlled N. FranceGermany controlled N. France
S. France was puppet S. France was puppet government government (“Vichy”) (“Vichy”)
BritaiBritainn
PolandPoland
RomaniRomaniaa
GreecGreecee
TurkeTurkeyy
Soviet Soviet UnionUnion
Britain Got Britain Got Entangled Entangled
The HolocaustThe Holocaust
Nazi plan for Weimar Nazi plan for Weimar RepublicRepublicDisband the Disband the
ReichstagReichstag
““We will become members of the We will become members of the Reichstag in order to disable the Reichstag in order to disable the Weimar order with its own Weimar order with its own acquiescence...We come as acquiescence...We come as enemies.”enemies.”
——Joseph Goebbels Joseph Goebbels
Nazi plan for Weimar Nazi plan for Weimar RepublicRepublicDisband the Disband the
ReichstagReichstag Reichstag burns & Hitler blames Reichstag burns & Hitler blames
the communiststhe communists
Nazi plan for Weimar Nazi plan for Weimar RepublicRepublicDisband the Disband the
ReichstagReichstag Reichstag burns & Hitler blames Reichstag burns & Hitler blames
the communiststhe communistsPresident Von Hindenburg President Von Hindenburg
suspended individuals & civil suspended individuals & civil rightsrights
Nazi plan for Weimar Nazi plan for Weimar RepublicRepublic
Hitler elected democraticallyHitler elected democratically
Nazi plan for Weimar Nazi plan for Weimar RepublicRepublic
Actions against “inferiors” began a Actions against “inferiors” began a month latermonth later
Hitler elected democraticallyHitler elected democratically
Nazi plan for Weimar Nazi plan for Weimar RepublicRepublic
Actions against “inferiors” began a Actions against “inferiors” began a month latermonth later
Hitler elected democraticallyHitler elected democratically
One of the first actions was the One of the first actions was the “Jewish boycott”“Jewish boycott”
Elimination of a race required 3 Elimination of a race required 3 steps: steps:
1.1. MarginalizationMarginalization2. Government 2. Government
actionaction3. 3. ExecutioExecutio
nn
1. 1. MarginalizationMarginalization
Before Hitler, most Jews were Before Hitler, most Jews were comfortable as German citizens...comfortable as German citizens...
Converted to Converted to ChristianityChristianity
Married non-JewsMarried non-Jews
100,000+ fought for 100,000+ fought for Germany during Germany during
WWIWWITaught in German Taught in German
UniversitiesUniversities
Nazis required a Nazis required a boycott of all Jewish boycott of all Jewish
owned shops and owned shops and business’business’
“Germans! Defend yourselves!
Don’t buy from Jews.”
“The Jews are our misfortune!”
“JUDE”
““Nazification” of CultureNazification” of Culture
Distinguishing between “pure” Distinguishing between “pure” German (Nazi) culture & inferior German (Nazi) culture & inferior
cultures cultures
““Nazification” of CultureNazification” of Culture
Distinguishing between “pure” Distinguishing between “pure” German (Nazi) culture & inferior German (Nazi) culture & inferior
cultures cultures
Hundreds of Thousands of Hundreds of Thousands of ““un-German” books were burnedun-German” books were burned
““Nazification” of CultureNazification” of Culture
Germany relied on PROPAGANDAGermany relied on PROPAGANDA
““Nazification” of CultureNazification” of Culture
Germany relied on PROPAGANDAGermany relied on PROPAGANDA
Joseph Goebbels—Master of Joseph Goebbels—Master of PropagandaPropaganda
““Nazification” of CultureNazification” of Culture
Germany relied on PROPAGANDAGermany relied on PROPAGANDA
Controlled press, radio, film, art, Controlled press, radio, film, art, music, and public eventsmusic, and public events
Joseph Goebbels—Master of Joseph Goebbels—Master of PropagandaPropaganda
““Nazification” of CultureNazification” of Culture
1937—Degenerate Art Exhibit1937—Degenerate Art Exhibit
““Nazification” of CultureNazification” of Culture
1937—Degenerate Art Exhibit1937—Degenerate Art Exhibit
Degenerate ArtDegenerate Art—art that doesn’t —art that doesn’t glorify Aryan raceglorify Aryan race
““Nazification” of CultureNazification” of Culture
1937—Degenerate Art Exhibit1937—Degenerate Art Exhibit
Exhibit was designed to Exhibit was designed to emphasize the arts’ “ugliness”emphasize the arts’ “ugliness”
Degenerate ArtDegenerate Art—art that doesn’t —art that doesn’t glorify Aryan raceglorify Aryan race
2. Government 2. Government ActionAction
Jews & the LawJews & the Law
400 laws limiting Jewish citizens 400 laws limiting Jewish citizens between (1933-1939)between (1933-1939)
Jews & the LawJews & the Law
400 laws limiting Jewish citizens 400 laws limiting Jewish citizens between (1933-1939)between (1933-1939)
Civil Service LawCivil Service Law
Jews & the LawJews & the Law
400 laws limiting Jewish citizens 400 laws limiting Jewish citizens between (1933-1939)between (1933-1939)
Nazis even created a “science” Nazis even created a “science” based on Jewish/German based on Jewish/German
differencesdifferences
Civil Service LawCivil Service Law
““[the] state must set race in the [the] state must set race in the center of all life. It must take care to center of all life. It must take care to keep it pure. [The state] must see to keep it pure. [The state] must see to it that only the healthy beget it that only the healthy beget children...”children...”
—Hitler —Hitler Mein KampfMein Kampf
Race ScienceRace ScienceForced sterilization (500,000 in Forced sterilization (500,000 in
10)10)
320,000 German outcasts:320,000 German outcasts:Alcoholics, homosexuals, depressed, Alcoholics, homosexuals, depressed,
schizophrenics, “work shy”schizophrenics, “work shy”
Instituted euthanasia (execution) Instituted euthanasia (execution) Mentally insane, handicapped, retardedMentally insane, handicapped, retarded
Nuremburg Race LawsNuremburg Race Laws
Women under 45 couldn’t work in Women under 45 couldn’t work in Jewish householdsJewish households
Marriage & sex between Jews & Marriage & sex between Jews & non-Jews forbiddennon-Jews forbidden
Jews are not German citizensJews are not German citizensSubjects of the stateSubjects of the state
““Jews Unwelcome” signs Jews Unwelcome” signs appeared in theaters, shops, appeared in theaters, shops, pharmacies, hotels, restaurants, pharmacies, hotels, restaurants, etc.etc.
Could only sit on public benches Could only sit on public benches marked for Jewsmarked for Jews
Jewish business’ AryanizedJewish business’ Aryanized
All Jews had to take new middle All Jews had to take new middle namesnames
Jewish passports marked with “J”Jewish passports marked with “J”
The Evian The Evian ConferenceConference
Britain: “No Britain: “No room.”room.”
US: “We have a quota US: “We have a quota system.”system.”
Australia: “We don’t want Australia: “We don’t want the Jewish problem.”the Jewish problem.”
Canada: “We’ll take farmers Canada: “We’ll take farmers only.”only.”
KristallnachtKristallnacht(Night of Broken Glass)(Night of Broken Glass)
The The Saint LouisSaint Louis
Hitler elected Hitler elected democraticallydemocratically
19331933
Boycott of Jewish Boycott of Jewish business’business’
““Civil Service” laws Civil Service” laws (400 between (400 between
‘33-’39)‘33-’39)
““Degenerate Art” Degenerate Art” exhibitexhibit
19371937
Forced sterilization Forced sterilization of “inferiors”of “inferiors”
Separation of “pure” Separation of “pure” German and German and
“inferior” people “inferior” people groupsgroups
19341934 19351935
The The S.S. Saint LouisS.S. Saint Louis
19391939
The Evian The Evian ConferenceConference KristallnachtKristallnacht
19381938
3. Execution3. Execution