World War I Dates: 1914-1918 Great Nations at the start of the Great War (World War I):
World War I The Great War
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Transcript of World War I The Great War
World War I
• The outbreak of World War I forced the United States to focus on foreign affairs.
• European causes of the “Great War”:– Militarism and “Entangling Alliances”– Nationalism and competing colonial ambitions
• The immediate cause was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, June 28, 1914 at Sarajevo by Gavril Princeps.
The AlliancesThe “Triple Entente”
• The Allies:– Great Britain
– France
– Russia (until 1917)
– The United States (after 1917)
The Great WarThe Western Front
• After initial German successes, new technology forced both sides into the bloody stalemate known as “trench warfare.” Thousands died for the gain of a few yards.
World War I
• President Wilson promised neutrality
• Germany’s use of “unrestricted” submarine warfare leads to the sinking of the “Lusitania” on May 7th, 1915. Over 120 Americans killed.
• Due to our protest, Germany suspends policy.
World War I
• America declares war on April 2, 1917. Causes:– Renewal of submarine
warfare
– Zimmerman Telegram
– Collapse of Russia
– Our economic and cultural ties to the Allies
World War I
• American Expeditionary Force (AEF) commanded by Gen. John Pershing
• Battles:– Chateau-Thierry
– Belleau Wood
– Argonne Forest
• Armistice at 11:00, 11 November 1918.
World War I“Over There”
Sergeant Alvin C. York
Captain Eddie Rickenbacker
General John J. Pershing
“Doughboys”
World War IThe War at Home
• Just as the Doughboys were mobilized by the draft, the home front was mobilized:
– The National War Labor Board resolved labor disputes to insure production of vital materials
– Afro-Americans moved north to take new defense jobs
– Liberty Bond drives and increased taxation helped raise funds.
World War IThe War at Home
• Herbert Hoover led the new Food Administration in rationing, featuring:– “Wheatless Mondays”– “Meatless Tuesdays”– “Porkless Thursdays”
• Victory Gardens were popular
World War IThe War at Home
• The end of World War I overshadowed one of the greatest epidemics of all time - the 1918 Flu Epidemic. Worldwide, over 20 million died.
• More troops died of the flu than enemy action.
World War ILosing the Peace
• The Treaty of Versailles set the stage for World War II:– Allied desire for
revenge
– US refusal to ratify
– Wilson’s idealism, the “14 Points”
– Failure of the League of Nations
World War IReturn to “Normalcy”
• Disenchantment with our experience in World War I led to– A rejection of all
foreign involvement
– Repression at home• The Palmer Raids
• Rebirth of the KKK
• Fear of “Radicalism”
Works Cited
• Appleby, Joyce. The American Journey. New York: Glencoe, McGraw-Hill, 1998.
• Tindall, George Brown. America: A Narrative History. 4th ed.. New York: W. W. Norton and Company, 1996.
• Albright, Alan. "The World War I Document Archive" World War I Military History List. Apr. 2003 <http://www.lib.byu.edu/~rdh/wwi/>
• Cohen, George M.. ""Over There"" Library of Congress Library of Congress. 29 Apr. 2003 <http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/vshtml/vssnde.html>