World War I

“The Great War”

1914-1918

Rivalry Between Nations

Industrialization created rivalries among European countries.

Great Britain, France, Germany, and other European countries needed natural resources for their factories.

They also needed markets were they could sell their products.

Imperialism: European countries claimed land in Africa and Asia to set up colonies.

European countries also built up large armies and navies to protect their empires.

Countries formed alliances with one another and agreed to support one another in times of war.

World War IWhy did it start? nationalism, colonialism,

and alliances

June 28, 1914, Gavrilo Princip assassinates Archduke Francis Ferdinand and his wife Sophie of Austria-Hungary in Sarajevo. Princip had ties to a Serbian terrorist group.

World War IWho fought whom?

July 23rd: Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia because of assassination and Germany agrees to support Austria-Hungary.

August 3-4: Germany declares war on Russia, France, and Belgium.

August 4: Great Britain declares war on Germany. August 6: Austria-Hungary declares war on Russia. August 10:France declares war on Austria-Hungary. August 12: Great Britain declares war on Austria-

Hungary. April 6,1917: USA declares war on Germany in

retaliation for the sinking of the Lusitania cruise ship on May 7, 1915 and the resumption of unrestricted warfare.

World War IThe Allied Powers

SerbiaGreat BritainFranceRussiaItalyJapanUnited States Belgium Montenegro Romania Portugal China

Liberia Greece Siam San Marino Panama Cuba Brazil Guatemala Haiti Honduras Costa Rica Nicaragua

World War IThe Central Powers

Austria-HungaryGermanyBulgariaOttoman Empire (Turkey)

World War IWeaponry

The methods of the Industrial Revolution were used to mass-produce deadly weapons. airplane submarine tank machine gun mustard Gas

The War on the Home Front

George M. Cohen's “Over There” African-Americans fought in the war

but were still discriminated against. Women took over many factory jobs

for the first time.

Soldiers from the 369th Infantry Regiment proudly wearing their Croix de Guerre medals.

Before the Treaty of Versailles

World War IThe Effects Russian Revolution – 1917

revolution begun by Vladimir Lenin and led to a communist government in Russia

Germany was blamed for starting the war and was asked to pay for the damage leaving the country in financial ruins.

Activity

• Take one minute for each partner to explain one of the following topics.

1.What were the main causes of World War?2.Why was Germany upset after the war?

The Time Between the Wars

The Roaring 20s and the Great Depression

The Great Depression

When the United States stock market crashed on October 29, 1929, the world’s economy collapsed.

The Early 1930s nations struggled through depressions businesses went broke millions of people were out of work banks closed poverty spread throughout the world The climate was perfect for the rise of dictators

such as Adolf Hitler (Germany) and Benito Mussolini (Italy).

This period is known as the Great Depression.

Paris in 1930

London in 1930

United States October 29, 1929 (the day the US stock market fell) is known as Black Tuesday.

Many investors lost everything At one point, 25% of all Americans were unemployed. Breadlines and soup kitchens were set up to feed the

poor. Many of the urban poor lived in shanty towns called

Hoovervilles (named after President Herbert Hoover, the president at the time of the beginning of the Great Depression).

Germany Germany depended heavily on American loans. The Wall Street Crash (Black Tuesday) placed

more pressure for Germany to repay US loans. rampant hyperinflation = useless currency massive unemployment (5 million in 1932, 20% of

total population) Germany turned to Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party

to solve the German economic crisis.

The deutschmark in 1923 was only good for making kites

…and burning in a stove for heat.

Germans wanted someone to blame for their misfortune.

The Nazi party offered Jews as the scapegoat.

Children were often organized in youth groupsand taught Nazi lessons.

• Germans were told to boycott Jewish businesses.• Kristallnacht (the Night of Broken Glass) was a night of destruction aimed at Jewish homes and businesses.