WORLD WAR I(AMERICAN PERSPECTIVE)

Reasons for the war to begin…• Industrialism

– Factory system– Made goods for trade… and then weapons

• Nationalism– Love and loyalty for your country– Desire to unite people under one nation

(gov’t)

• Imperialism– Rule of one country over another– Added strength to country (markets)– Wanted to protect colonies

Reasons for the war to begin…

• Militarism– Glory in war … only use of force could solve

problems– Military weapons and army build up

• Formation of alliances– Choosing “sides”– “friends” to protect and “back-up”– Led to mistrust between nations

• The Balkans = “powder keg”Fighting over international boundaries

(each ethnicity wanted to have its own country).

• Serbia wanted united the Serbs living in Austria into a “Greater Serbia”

Gavrilo Princip, Serbian

Triple Entente = Allies OR Allied Powers

Russia, France, Britain… then Serbia, Italy and the U.S.

Triple Alliance = Central Powers

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy… then Turkey and Bulgaria

Gallipoli

The Gallipoli Campaign

-Turks joined Central Powers

-Br & Fr attacked to open seaport to get supplies to Russia (1915)

- Turkey placed mines in water around Dardanelles to keep Allies out and keep Russia stuck in Black Sea

Allies targeted Asia, Africa & Pacific Islands

(b/c Germany had colonies in these areas)

OTHERS JOINED ALLIES-Japan b/c promised control over

these areas-Africans b/c wanted freedom of

German rule-Arabs b/c wanted to be free of

Ottoman rule

April 1915 – Italy declares neutrality &

withdraws Had no love for Austria-

Hungary…didn’t care if A-H won or not

May 1915 – Italy re-enters on the side of

the AlliesPromised land in Africa…

ITALY SWITCHES

“Neutrality” and Economics

Loans- Loaned $1.5 billion to Allies- Allies used money to buy supplies

Shipping- Ger blocked Br food sources- Br blocked supply ships- interfered with each

countries’ shipping

Committee on Public Info

Changed names of products:- German measles- Hamburger- Sauerkraut

Committee on Public Info

Super-Americanism

Woodrow Wilson

"Any man who carries a hyphen about with him carries a dagger

that he is ready to plunge into the vitals of this Republic whenever

he gets ready."

Selective Service Act

2x more Black Americans…. segregated

Encouraged immigrants = assimilation

War Industries Board

assist factories transfer from peace to war

mass production of steel/tin

Food Administration

Commission for ReliefSent wheat to Europeans

War Bonds

the “Big Four” leaders

Britain: David Lloyd Georges

France: George Clemenceau

U.S.: Woodrow WilsonItaly: Vittorio Orlando

Germany: Wilhelm II

WilsonOrlandoLloyd Georges Clemenceau

League of Nations

International organization to work out disputes between countries to prevent future

wars

Weakness: didn’t have a military

1.Germany would lose land- its colonies

- to create Poland- to France for areas they had

taken over before the war

Treaty of Versailles

2. Germany had to pay reparations,

France wanted immediate payment of $5 billion and

later billed Germany for an additional $32 billion.

Treaty of Versailles

3. Germany to reduce its military

Treaty of Versailles

Four Empires Fell

German: PolandAustria-Hungary: Austria, Hungary,

Czechoslovakia, YugoslaviaOttoman: Jordan, Syria, Palestine,

IraqRussian: Finland, Poland, Latvia,

Lithuania, Estonia

Resulted in countries under foreign rule

•Austrians under Italian rule•Germans (in the Sudetenland)

under Czech rule•Germans (to the east) under

Polish rule•Hungarians under Romanian

rule

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