World War I 1914-1918 PAGES 270-276. The Stage is Set in the West Aggressive nationalism: France &...
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Transcript of World War I 1914-1918 PAGES 270-276. The Stage is Set in the West Aggressive nationalism: France &...
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World War I
1914-1918
PAGES 270-276
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The Stage is Set in the West
Aggressive nationalism: France & Germany both had strong nationalist feelings.
France wanted to regain its position as Europe’s leading power
Germany was proud of its new military power and Industrial strength - militarism
France angry at Germany over the Franco-Prussian war and that Germans were occupying border provinces of Alsace and Lorraine
Colonial claims and conflicts: Imperialism
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Eastern Multinational Empires
Austria –Hungary and the Ottoman Empire feared strong nationalism
Balkans are the “powder keg of Europe” Minority populations were fostering rebellion
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Alliance Systems
Triple Alliance Germany Italy Austro-Hungarian
Empire
Triple Entente France Great Britain Russia
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Assassination in Sarajevo
Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria Hungary visits Sarajevo
Serbs outraged, Black Hand, a nationalist/terrorist group determined to assassinate the Archduke
Gavrilo Princip, after a earlier failed attempt, was able to assassinate the Archduke and his wife
http://firstworldwar.com/bio/ferdinand.htm
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Ultimatum and Mobilization
Austria sends Serbia an ultimatum to avoid war: punish anyone involved, let Austria join the investigation and end all anti-Austrian agitation
Serbia agreed to most, but not to the demand to let Austria investigate.
Kaiser William II horrified at assassination. Told Francis Joseph assuring him of full German support – or a “blank check”
Austria declares war on July 28th 1914 Russian Czar Nicholas II wrote to his cousin Kaiser
William II urging restraint – meanwhile Russia mobilized for war
http://www.pbs.org/greatwar/maps/index.html
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Neutrality
Britain and Italy chose to remain neutral. Britain had to decide whether or not to support
France German actions made decision for Great Britain SCHLIEFFEN PLAN: an attempt to avoid a two front
war, Germany had to defeat France quickly so that it could turn attention to Russia- to reach this goal the Germans quickly marched through Belgium to get to France
Belgium’s neutrality was violated = Britain declared war on Germany!
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Propaganda Posters
“Each of the nations which participated in World War One from 1914-18 used propaganda posters not only as a means of justifying involvement to their own populace, but also as a means of procuring men, money and resources to sustain the military campaign…Interestingly, for all that the U.S.A. joined the war relatively late - April 1917 - she produced many more propaganda posters than any other single nation.”
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Royal Pictures
http://firstworldwar.com/photos/royalty.htm
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Zimmerman Note
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