World Times All in One Selected

8/20/2019 World Times All in One Selected

1/52

Name

of

Organisatim

Place

Date

World Future Energy Sumnut(5th E‚Ê

•œn)

Abu Dhabi,UAE

16 to 19 January

Sixh

meeting

of

the

Safta

Ministerial

Council

Islamabad,Pakistan

16 February

3rd

forum

of

OIC

Think

Tanks

Forum

Baku,Azerbttan

2•]

3 March

Seoul Nuclear secuHty Sunlnit

Seoul.

South

Korea

26•]

27ƒ‹

rarch

The

23rd

Arab

League

Summit

(seventh

meeting

of

the

G-20

heads

of

govertment)

Baghdad,

Iraq

27-29 March

The

Fourth

Annual

BRICS

Summit

New Delh,Llaa

29 March

The

sixth

Summit

of

the

America

Cartagena,

Colombia

14 and 15 April

38‚Ê

G-8 Sullnmlt

Callnp Da’ˆ

d,Maryland,usA

18-19 May

NATO Chicago Suƒ®

Ydt

Chicago, Illinoig

USA

20-21

May

International

Green

Awards

Sustainability

Summit

Dubæ¢

UAE

5

june

The 2012 SCO su‡U

“ c

t(‚Ê

e 12dl almual

Š í

Š‹

“ ‡laui

he Shanghal c00perauon

Bettingi Chna

6-7

June

The 2012 G-20 Me‘Î co s_t Los Cabos Baja CahfOrnla,

Mexlco

18-19 June

‹™ Ž¯

s•‹

ru”Q

”Õ

„Y ŒÜ

„[ P12 ™

•è

Š@¼

Developƒ®

ent)

Rio

de

Janeiro,

Brazil

20-22 June

International

C

on fe

rence

on

A

fghanistan

Tolcyo,

Japan

8

July

The 2012 01ƒV

Î

pi„v

Hllnger s_it

10

Downing

Street

London,

UK

12 August

The

16th

NAM

(Non-Ajigrred

Movement)

Summit

Tehran,

Iran

30-31

August

The ministerial meeting

of

Arab

League

and

European

Ulion

Cairo,

Egypt

13

November

The

2lstASEAN

Summit

Phnonl Penh,Cambodia

18

November

D-8 Su•\

it

Islalnabad,Pakistan

22

November

Doha

Climate

Talks

[the

lgth

session

of

lhe

Conference

of

the

parties

to

the

llnited

Nation

Frate

work

Convention

on

Ctimite

in'ign

(UNFCCC)]

Doha,

Qatar

26

November-8

December

17 December

riving

South

Asia

Economic

Integration

New Deuli,India

INTERNAT10NAL FORUMS

LIST OF INTERNIAT10NAL SUMMITS

r HELD IN 2012

188 1 Allin One•\ B00k ‡ W


2/52

NATIONAL

/

REGIONAL

ies

and

towns

-

denying

rural

female

population

from

this

basic

right.

3.HEALTHISSUES:

The

health

sector

in

Balochistan

is

even

more

depressing.

There

are

96

hospitals,

545

dispenssles

and

93

mottrer

& child

health

centres

_

and

the quality

of

services

provided

are

not

sadsfactory.

There

are

only

1564

registered

doctors

rn

the

province,

which

nleans

that

for

every

4

g6

1

pro_

vincial

citizens

there

is

only

one

doc_

tor.

RICOMMENDATIONS

These

recommendations

have

been

provided

by

ladies

active

in

the

local

political

and

social

circles.

The

au_

thorlas

also

incorporated

his

per_

sonal

views

where

necessary.

The

la_

dies

whom

I

am

grateful

for

sharing

theirviews

on

the

subjectinclude:

Ms

Zarina

Zehri

Mrs

SurriyaAllahdin

It

is

a

fact that

many

in-

justices

and

cruelties

suffered

by

women

in

the

Third

World

are

a

di-

rect

or

indirect

conse_

quence

of

theh

eco_

nomic

dependence

on

their

inale

family

mem-

bers.

Ms

Haseen

Bano

Rukhshani

MsShaml

These

recommendations

cover

a

wide

range

of

actions

to

be

taken

=

a

detailed

version

of

which

is

given

be_

Iow:

o

Free

and

compulsory

female

edu_

cation

up

to

the

Matriculation

Level:

60

lal

in

One

-

Book

IV

o

Education

on

Human

Rights/WomenRights

o

Lrcrease

in

the

number

of

female

e duc

ational

ins

titutions

:

o

BotL

the

govenrment

and

the

civil

society

must

come

forward

and

launch

forceful

cempaigning

ini_

tiatives

to

shatter

the

mindset

ogainsl

female

education.

It

is

their

mindssts

that

need

to

be

changedfirst.

Womenhave

recentlybeen

able

to

en_

ter

the

provincial

assemblies.

The

following

recommendations

were given

by

the

local

female

politi_

cal/social

acIyists

for

the

possible

remedial

measures:

o

Economic

Empowerment

or

eco-

nomic

self-reliance

o

It

is

a

fact

that

many

injustices

and

cruelties

suffered

by

women

in

the

Third

World

are

a

direct

or

indirect

consequence

of

their

eco_

nomic

dependence

on

their

male

familymembers.

o

Fixed

quotas

for

women

in

gov-

-

emmentaljobs

o

Establishment

of

small

scale

cot_

tage

indusEies:

o

Establishment

of

Women

Skills'

Centes

at a larger

scale.

Education on entrepreneurial and

marketlng

skills

f

ol

women.

Formation

of

gender-sensitive

economic policies.

o

Poverty

Alleviation

through

dif_

ferent programmes

o

It should

be

ensured

that

women

get

equal

wages

as

men

labourers.

o

Considering

the

high

level

of

ma-

tenfty

deaths,

infant

mortality

rate,

absence

of

adequate

post

_

natal

care

and

alarming

malnutri-

tion

conditions,

rapid

remedial

measures

have

to

be

taken

to

achieve

a satisfactory

health

situ_

ationforwomen.

o

Women,

especially

rural

women,

should

be

trainsd

in

safe

mother_

hood

practices

and

child

survival

practices

to

reduce

maternal

mor_

tality

and

child

mortality.

CONCLUSION

Although

resEucturing

the

society

is

a

daunting

task

and

there

is

still

a

lot

to

be

done,

yet

we

can

say

that

the

progress

made

so

far

has

been

satis_

factory.

Women

Empowerment

is

no

longer

a

myth;

it

is

now

a reality

that

promises

a

better

future

for

women

of

this

country.

Women

in

Balochistan,

however,

will

have

to

go

a few

extra miles

to

beable

to

change

the

local

perspectives

vis-d-vis

Women

Rights

and

Women

Fmpowerment.

The

ongoing

prog_

ress

in

terms

of

general

awareness,

better

education

and,-participation

of

women

in

the

developmental

pro_

cess

in

Balochistan

is

very

promising

and

we

can

hope

for

a

better

life

for

the

women

of

this

province

in

the

comingyears.

‰

ƒ

ˆ

ˆ

•

\

:.


3/52

Administrative

Divisions

.1

R

iA

B

.t

and

then

zooming

in on

the

provin-

cial scene,

we

find

that

women

in

pa-

kistan already

enjoy

a

good

number

of

rights

for

which

the

Westenl

women

had to

fight

tooth

and nail.

This includes

the

right

to vote,

the

right

to

inheritance,

the

right

tg con-

test

elections

for

the

highest

posi-

tions in

the

government,

the

right to

seek

divorce

and

many

more rights.

What

actually

denies

them

the bene-

fits

of

all

these

rights

is

the

socio-

cultural

setup

in Paldstan

in

general,

and

in

Balochistan

in

particular.

Even

if

they

are

well

aware

of

all

of

these

rights,

they

neither

have

the

re-

sources

nor

the

capaci.ty

to

avail

these

rights

for

their

well-being.

Before

miting

anything

about

the

subject,

and

prior

to

pointing

out

the

social

ills

stunting

the

empower-

ment

of

women

in

Balochistan,

it

would

be

pertinent

to

mention

here

that

the

issue

of

women

empower-

ment

is

basically

the same

through-

out

the

counEy.

OnIy,

in

areas

where

tribal

customs and

Eaditions

play

a

decisive

factor, the literacy rate

is

too low,

and the

feudal

system

is still

suong,

the

issues

of

women

em-

powerment

not

only

fuamper

their

well-being,

but

are also

more

djffi-

cult

to resolve.

STU}ALINGBTOCKS

1.

Poverty:

It is indeed

ironic

that

Balochistan,

despite

being

the larg-

est,

the

least

popr:Iated,

and the

rich-

est

proyince

of the counEy

happens

also to be the

poorest

one. Average

household

income

is

very

low

and

poverty

rates

at

4 7% in this

province.

Despite

its

huge reservoirs

of

natu-

ral

gas,

its

enviable deposits

of

gold

and

silver,

and

its

abundance

in

pre-

cious

metals

and

minerals, this

prov-

ince

has

the

lowest

GDP and

the

low-

est

per

capita income.

Abject

pov-

erty

is visible

even

within

the

pro-

vincial

mefopolis.

Job

market

is

NAT10NAL/REC10NAL

very

inadequate

because industrial

activity

is

almost

non-eristent.

MoSt

of the

existing

jobs

are

either in

agri-

cuiture

or in

mining.

Scarcity of wa-

ter

and

frequent droughts has

fur-

ther increased

the

poverty

level

in

the

rural Balochistan.

The budgetary

allocations

for

Balochistan,

although

doubled

this

time, have

always

remained

very

low.

This

has

been

causing bad

blood

between

the

province

and the

federal

government.

Moreover,

the

huge sums

of

unpaid

money,

that

the federal

government

owes

to

tlis

province,

have

made

matters worse.

2. LOWT"ITERACYRATE:

It is

indeed

highly

unfortunate

that

Educati.on

and

Health

have never

found

their rightful

place

in

the

pri-

ority

list of

policy

makers,

both at

the federal

and

provincial

levels. Pa-

kistan

claims

to

have achieved

a

lit-

eracy

rate

of

51%

-

a

claim

skepti-

c aIIy

viewed

by elrperts.

Balochistan,

being

the most

back-

ward province, has

a

pathetic

30.1%

literacy

rate.

Female

Iiteracy

rate

presents.

a more

dismal

picture.

Re-

portedly,

this

province

has the

low-

est

budgetary

allo, cation

for female

education

in

the ThAd

World.

Drop-

outs

at

primary

school

level

stand at

a highly

disturbing

rate

of

50. %

To make

matters

worse,

majority

of

educational

facilities

are

based in cit-

1_1.ŽO

lil

All in

One

-

Book IV

I

59


4/52

t

is very

tricky

and

misleading

to

pass

judgment

on

any

process

that is

in its

initial

stage,

at

least

in

this

part

of

the world.

True,

that

in

the developed

countries

the

process

of

Women

Empowerment,

stretched

over two centuries

of strrggle,

has

gone

way

ahead

and

cErrlnot

be

termed as

a

process

in its

initial

-

stages. Equally

tue is the

fact that

even in the

developed

countries it

is

still

an

ongoing

process.

The issue of

Equai Rights

for Wornen

reme

to the

limelight

in early

nine-

teenth century

in

places

like

USA

and

Europe and,

after

gradual

suc-

cesses,

gained

a

totally

new,

forceful

and dlmamis

character

in 1960s/70s

in

the

form of

Women's

Liberation

Movement.

Beginning

with

the

very

basic de-

mand that women,

Iike

men,

were

created

as

equal

beings

and,

Iike

men,

they too

had

certain

natural

rights,

they

progressed

towards

more

substantial

demands like

the

right

to

have

education,

then

the

right to have

higher

education,

ac-

cess to

jobs,

then access

o

profitable

Is

the Woman

in

the West

free from all forms of ex-

ploitatons

that she

has

fought

against over the

last

two centuries?

Answer is

a

big

NO.

jobs,

the right to

own

property,

then

the

right

to

acquire

31d lstain

3s-

sets,

the right

to

equal wages

for

women, and

then

came the

attain-

ment of

the

most

valuable

right

-

the

right

to

vote

-

that

was

given

to the

Americanwomenin 1920.

Dr the

Modernistic

decades

of

60s

and 70s

of

the

last

centuries,

the

Movement

for the Rights

of the

Women

(or

call it

Women

Fmpower-

ment) tumed in a new

direction

known

as

the Women's

Liberation

Movement. With this came

a

whole

new set

of

ideas

that

were

consid-

ered

too

immoral

even by

the West-

em

standards.

The

reproductive

right and

the

right

associated with

sexual

liberalism like

sex marriages

are

two

examples

of

where

ail

this

has ]ed

to.

Two

important

questions

come

up

at this

point:

Is theWesternwomen

more

empow-

ered

today?

Is

the Woman

in

the West

free

from

all

forms

of

exploitations that

she

has

fought

against over the last two

centuries?

Answer to

the

first

question

is

in the

affirmative

while

answer

to

thb sec-

ond

questionis

abigNO.

WOMEN EMPOWERMENT

-

OUR VER-

sioN

WOmen

Fmpowerment,

aS We uI',I-

derstand

it

today, is essentially

a

Western concept

and

carries

conno-

tations

that cannotbe

adoptedbyus

in its totality.

With

Womenls

Libera-

tion,

unisexualism,

and equality

of

sexes as its core

values,

this

doctrine

is

bou:rd to

come

into collision with

our social,

moral

and

religious

val-

ues.

However,

there

is

still a lot in it

that is both suitable and

worth

achievingforus.

Focusing

ou

the national scenario

581 All m One_B00k IV

’ Ä

:’Ê |

li•v

•]


5/52

Test

Your

„ I

2ƒÇ

ƒ ‹

• g

ƒ ‹

rƒm

ere

is

a

very

fami'lix1

vocab-

ulary

test.

It

is

the

fust

ques-

tion

in

the

CSS

comprehen-

sionpaper.

Directions:

In

each

of

the

following

se[,tences

one

word

has

been

itali_

cised.

Under

each

sentence

four

al-

temative words, marked

a-d,

are

given.

Select

from

these

alternatives,

the

word

which

conveys

more

or

less

same

meaning

as

the

italicised

word

in

tle

sentence.

Answers

are

given

at

the

end.

1.

The

bookhas

beenhypedup

far

be-

yonditswort}.

a)priced

b)

circulated

c)publicised

d)

praised

2.

The

police

has

succeeded

inbust-

ing

the gang

of

robbers.

a)

to

arest

b)

tobreak

c)

to kill

d)to disarln

3.He sawhis•¡

le in the organisatiOn

as prOacave.

a)effective b)ineffective

C)llllotivator

d)talcing the nŒÜ

ative

4.The mvesmentschemehadbeen a

scann all a10ng.

a)Swindle b)plain

c)fanure d)successŽM

5. Another theory post•¡

tes that

the yoglc treatmentrelaxes the mind

andbOdy.

O hghlights

b)assllmestObe me

C)nlakes dOub•v

d

d)discard

6.OIIlar has a prOpensity fOr geŽû

into

debr.

a)liking

c)wiil

d)nanualtendency

7.

The

Bosnian

force

had

no

artillery

and

was

completely annihilxlsfl.

a)

disarmed

b)

tired

of

fighting

c)destroyed

d)inefficient

8.

No

one welcomes

him

to

a

pafiy

for

he

is

so

gamrlous.

a) behaves

indecenfly

b)

tooproud

c)

to

have

ego

d) talks

too

much

9.

Illaesses prevalent

in

ageing

popu-

lation.

a)

incurable

b)

commonlyoccurring

c)

infectious

d)

curable

10.

It

is

a

scandal

that

the

accused

was set

free.

a)badnews

b)

disgraceful

action

c) rumour

d)hannM

11.

I

beseech you

to

speak

fran_kly

about

my

performa:nce.

a)

to

ask

earnestly

b) tobe

sure

c)

erpect

d)

to

hope

12.

lncensed

by

his

rude

behaviour

the

employer

sacked

hirn-

a)excited

b)

enraged

c)

to

get

tired

d)

due

to

13.

Homeopathic

dl:ugs

maybe

used

to

complement

allopathic

ueat-

ment.

a)

replace

b)

to

make

complete

c)todiscontinue

d)supersede

14.

The

fact

threw

an

odious

light

ontheincident.

a)for:lsmdling

b)hateful

c)

dirty

d)

open

ENGLISH SECT10N

By Prof Muzaffar Bokhari

Ší

“™

‘I

ã

‚ « x

×

” ì

’ ²

– ¶hbrQ

15.

Sajid's

vocation

is

both

papng

andpleasant.

a)holidays

b)occupation

c)business

d)

attitude

16.

She

had

already

narrated.

the

ad-

venture.

a)

intimated

b)

let

down

c) summarised

d)

tolA

17.

Her

voice

was

perfectly

audible

even

without

a loud

speaker.

a)

pleasant

b)

prajseworthy

c)

hearable

d)

sweet

18.

Amjad garaered

the

largest

ad-

vance

for

his

novel

'A

Suitable

Boy,.

a)refusedtoaccept

b)won

c)

demanded

d)

threwaway

19.

Among

aII forms

of

blunders

prophecy

is the

most

gratuitous.

a)

indecent

b)

rrnjustified

c)dangerous

d)justified

20.

Qasim's

antipathy

to Reshma

did.

not

spring

from

the

jealousy

of

a

frusuated

husband.

a)affection

b)hostility

c)

love

d)

divorce

21.

Of

course,

she

lrrew

pretty

well

that

there

was

no

innuendo

in

his

re-

mark.

a)implication

b)

sincerity

c)

slyimplication

d)

franlaness

22.

Mr.Aslam

[x4

circumvented

Irdr.

Jlmil

61d

his

driver

to railway

sta-

tion.

a)evaded

b)deceived

c)

followed

d)watched

secretly

2 3.

It

is

my

candid

advicb

to

you.

)

aptitude

AII

in

One

-

Book

IV

I


6/52

a)

frank

c)humble

b)wen thOught

dl Simple

24.Theywere

adamant

to

harmhim.

a)bentupon

b)afraid

c)reluctant

d)notconvinced

25.

Why

are

You

so

tetchY

with

Your

wife?

a)

emotional

b)iealous

c)irritable

d)urfriendlY

26. Fatigue

wsuld

6aks

him

passive.

a)

sick

b)weak

c)

irritating

d)

not

active

/

submissive

27.

Parveen's

lacerating

words

forcedhim

to

commit

suicide.

a) abusive

c)painful

b)SeVerelycŒÜ

cal

d)laSttg anger

28.

He was

neoPhYte

to

enter

the

testmatch-

a)

digible

b)

novice

c) not

eligible

d) useless

29.

The

doctor

said

that

hls

heart

-

was

palpitating

violentlY.

a)

damaging

b)

deteriorating

c) enlarg:ng

d)

throbbing,

beating

raPidlY

30.

The

doctor

Prescribed

a

thera-

peutic

diet.

a)light

b)balanced

c)withlowfat

d)curative

31.

These

tribes

normally

have

a

no-

madic

way

of

Me.

a)military

b)

simPle

c)wandering

d)warlike

32.

The excessive

use

of

pocket

cal-

culator

can

stultify

your

capacity

to

do

mental

calculations.

a)improveuPon

b)

destroy

c)

strengthen

d)

aidin

33.

Mr.

Alcam's

tactful

behaviour

melded

manY

different

PeoPle

into

his

group.

a)

repelled

b)

united

c)frusEated

d)disunited

210

I

AII

in

One

-

Book

IV

34.

Munir

flexed

his

arm,

showing

his

well-builtmusdes.

a)

removed

cover

b)

bended

c)suengthened

d)raised

35.

It had

been

easier

ever

since

to

quell

emotion

than

to

incur

the

con-

sequences

of

venting

it.

a) to

avoid

b)

to suppress

c)toexaggerate

d)toreteat

36.

The

metamorphosis

of

caterpil-

larinto

abutterflY.

a)

suddenchange

b)

slowchange

c)

transformation

d)

imitation

3

7.

Several

people

buy

a lottery

tick-

ets

but

only

a few luclcy

ones

hit

the

jackpot.

a)

consolationPrize

b)

a

large

container

c)victory

d)wintheprize

3 8.

His

surgeon

recommended

an

an-

algesic

for

his

fractured

leg.

a)

stimulant

[)

Pain

reliever

c)

stetchingmechanism

d)

fixing

screw

39.

The

recmt

immigrants realised

they

were consangu.ineous.

a)cheated

b)badlYtreated

c) mistaken

d)having

same

ancestor

40.

The

manager

had in

vain

at-

tempted

ao

act of

restitution'

a)

tomakecomPromise

b)

to

settle

a

disPute

c)

to

restore

d)

to

sort

out

41.

Yourbehaviouris

not

congruous

withyour

Personality.

a)

approPriate

b)

excellent

c)unsuitable

d)accePtable

42.

Iraq

attempted

to annex

Kuwait'

a)destroy

b)addto

c)

cross

the

border

d)burn

43.

The

government

rescinded

its

treatYwithAmerica.

a)

revoked

b)

came

into

action

C)finalised O Strengthened

44.She reahsed her posiuon tO be

tooprecanous for active aggression.

a) strong

c)useful

b)

insecure

d)

dangerous

45.

They

have

Put

an

embargo

on

all

imports.

a)

suspension

oftrade

b)impositionof

duty

c)

rdoration

of

duty

d)

punishment

46.

Usman

was

also

accessory

to

the

crime.

a)victim

b)

accomplice

c)instnrmental

d)witness

47. She

sawmebutevincedno

great

surprise

to

see

mY

healtb-

a)

cared

b) showed

C)regretted d)expressed

48. She couched her request in an

amushg way.

a)put fO•u

‡Wrd b)putinto Words

C)neatly typed

d)WrOte artisucally

49,Saiid and Ma•v

id were collspicu•\

Ous by their absence in the film fes•\

ival.

31—ƒ

‹ ™

ld•E

BžO

ú è

Ced

50. She was qulet oblinous Of the

crowd.

a)nerVOus b)1lnaWare

C)familiar

‚ Ì

initated

ANSWERS:

1-c 2-b 3-d 4-a S•\ b

6-d 7-c 8-d 9-b 10-b

ll•\

a 12-b 13-b 14-b 15-b

16-d 17-c 18-b 19-b 20-b

21-c 22-a 23-a 24-a 25-C

26-d 27-b 28-b 29-d 30-d

31-c 32-b 33-b 34-b 35-b

36-c 37-d 38-b 39-d 40-C

41-a 42-b 43-a 44-b 45-a

46-b 47-b 48-b 49-b 50-b


7/52

Introduction

.

Quaid's

view

on

education

.

Concept

of education.....

psaning

and

definition

.

Significance

of education.

.

...as

pil-

lar

of

success

.

Education.....an

agent

of

socio-

economic

reforms

.

Spinalcord

of

thenation

.

Thesis

statement

leading

to

con-

clusion

Pakistan's

Education

System as

per

1973

Constitution

.

Educational

and economic

re-

forms

in

backrryard

areas

.

Removingilliteracy

.

Promotion

of

technical

educa-

tion.....

basic

concefil

.

Education.....access

to aII

.

Womenparticipation,

etc.

I

Factors

Leading

to

Catasnophe

.

Indecisive

medium

of

educa-

tion....English? / Urdu?

'

Co-education....a

social

dilsmms

.

Lack

of

uniform

academic

sylla-

bus

.

Women

education.....

concept

in

doldrums

.

Lack

of

creative

education

meth-

ods......

cramming

culture

.

Political

interference

in

education

institutions

.

. ..student

/

teacher

unions

.

Political

pressures

/

inlluences

.

Teacherabsenteeism

.

Ghostschools

o

Less

than 2%

GDP,

for education

.

Crippled

economy,

etc.

EducationPolicy

2009

.

Budget

for

education.....

in-

creasedby

7%

o

Allprimaryschoolsup-

graded

to

Eiddle

stan-

dard

schools

.

Higher

education

per-

centage

to

be

increased

from

4.7%

to 15%

by

201

5

o

Fmphasis,on

technical

education

.

Establishment

of

resi-

-

dential

colonies

for

the

teachers

.

Special

incentives

for

teachers

willing

to work

inremote

areas, etc.

Suggestions

.

Decentralised

system/

local

gov-

ernment

.

Village

.

Council

.

Tehsil

.

District

o

At

least

7%

budget

for

education

sector

.

Accountability

and

Uansparency

in

education

department

at all

lev-

ESSAYS

Quratulam Mallk

CSS:2010 DMG

Of

els

.

Public-private

partnership

o

Madrassareforms

.

Registrationofmadaris

.

Lc.Eoduction

of

English

and

technical

subjects

Education

Sector Reforms

o

Education

systemreforms

o

Primary education for

all

.

Making

civil

societyvibrant

.

Female

education....

Akeystone

.

Promotion

of

technical

education

t

Incentives

for

the

teachers....

hr-

qease

in

salaries

.

Revised

and updated

curriculum

.

PTC/CT

replaced

by

Diploma

in

Education

o

Enhancing

the

role

of

Higher

Edu-

cation

Commission

All in

One

-

Book IV

|

217

What has

ƒ

•

‚

‚

‚

•

•

‚

‚


8/52

.

Expansion in universities

.

Virtual universities,

etc.

Conclusion

"Come

forward

as

servants of

Islam,

organise the

people

economically,

so-

cially, educationally

and

politicalLy,

and

I

am sure that

you

will be

a

p

ow er that will be

ac

c

ep

t ed

by

ev

ery

-

body."

Quaid-e-Azam

Muhammad 45

Jinnah

The importance of education cannot

be negated.

Educationpaves

t}te

way

for

advancement. It

is a

primary

cata-

lyst

for

national

development

and

its

availability

ensrues

accelerated

growth

and

progress.

It is a key fac-

tor that distinguishes one

nation

from

another.

It's

the

education

which

makes

a

person

live

a better

Me and

more

importantly

contrib-

utes to

his social well-being. How:

ever, it is u:rfortunate that education

system

of

Pakistan

is fu:rdamentally

flawed,

thorougbly shattered

and ex-

issdingl divisive

despite the

fact

that

Quaid-e-Azam was

a

staunch

supporter of

educational

reforms.

He

provided

the basic

guidelines

for

the

future

development

bY

smphasising

that

education system

should

suit the

genius

of our

people,

consonant

with

our

culture,

history

and instil

the highest

sense

of hon-

our,

integrity

and

responsibility.

He

was also

of

the

view

that scimtific

3114

lgghnical

skills

are

the

only

way

218

I

AII

in

One

-

Book IV

forward.

Pakistan today

stands at

tle crossroads

where there is a

stringent

need for educational

re-

forms

based

upon moral

edifice.

This

is only

possible

if all creeds

of

mind

sit

together and evolve a

con-

sensus

poliry

in the light of Islamic

ideology.

Before

going

into the details

let's

have

alookonthe

1973

Consdtution

which

is

a much chanted

slogan

in Pa-

kistan

by almost all

political

elites.

Article

25A of the 1973 Constitution

says:

"The State

shall

provide

ftee

and

com-

pulsory

education

to

all

children

of

the age of

fve

to

sixteenyears

in such

manner

as mqy be

determined

by

Iaw."

The

Constitution

further

goes

on to

make the

state responsible for

the

education

of

its citizens in the

fol-

lowingway:

.

Special care will be taken

for

edu-

cational and economic

reforms

in

thebaclavard

areas.

.

Illiteracywillbe

removed

and

sec-

ondary

education

will be

made

free

and

compulsory

within

mini-

mum

possible

period.

.

People

from

different

areas

willbe

imparted

Eaining

for

agriculhual

and

industrial

development.

Tech-

nical

and

general

education

is

made

generally

available

and

higher

education

accessible

to

ali

on the basis of merit.

.

'Participation

of

women

in

all

spheres of

lifewillbe

encouraged.

.

Despite

all the

pledges

and

prom-

ises

made

by

the constitutl.ou,

nothing has been

done

yet

on

the

above-mentioned

grounds.

Inde-

cisive

system of education, out-

dated

curriculum, medium of

h-

struction,

meagre

budget

alloca-

tion

for

education

sector and

many other

factors

have

played

havoc

with

the

fate of this

unfor-

tunate

nation.

It

j.s

noteworthy that

Pakistan's

na-

tional

language

is Urdu

but

English

has

become the mqlormedium

of

ed-

ucation.

English

medium

schools

are

enjoying

prestigious

status

in soci-

ety and are chargingheavyfees

from

students

as

well. English language

is

nothing but a way of expression

but

why

is

it

made

necessary?

Just

to

spoil

the

potentialities

to learn

Eng-

lish? Admittedly, Engtish

is an

inter-

national

language

but

the

students

should

be

imparted

education

in

their

mother

tongue

also.

Sir

Charles

Wood

sent

"Wood's

Despatch"

in

1854 regarding the

medium of edu-

cation

in

India

that

throws

light

on

the

importance

of

mother

tongue

in

education.

Despatch's

fifth

point

was:

"The

Indian natives

should be

given

tr

aining

in

their

mother tongue

als

o.

"

Another

reason

of this

sorry

state

of


9/52

affairs

is

the

outdated

curricu-lum

which

leads

to

the

failure

of

educa-

tion

system

to

produce

profession-

a1s

in

all

fields

of

life.

Outdated

syl-

Iabi do

not

fuIfiI

the

requirements

of

the

ongoing

developed

world'

It

is

an

era

of science

and

technologicai

de-

velopment

while,

unfortu:rately,

Pa-

kistan

is still

entangled

in

the

web

of

obsolete

pedagogical

methods.

Furthermore,

Student

wings

of

vari-

ous

political

parties

are

also

ruining

the educational

environment

of col-

leges

and

universities.

Unions

like

ATI,

MSF

and

III

have

been

a

source

of

deep

concern

for

the

students.

Such

activities

make

them

forget

their

aim

of

admission

and

they

start

to take

part

in

political

activities'

Public

sector

is

also

confronting

the

issue

of

teachers'

absenteeism.

Scanty

salaries

and

job

insecurity

compels

them

to

join

private

sector

institutions

that

offer

thembetter

in-

centives.

The

grievances

of

the

teachers

are

grave

but

real and

they

need

to

be

addressed

urgentlY.

A

very

little

emount

of

GDP,

about

2%

is

being

allocated

for

education

sec-

tor.which

should

be

above

7%

fot

a

countrylike

Pakistan.

It

is noteworthy

to

mention

the

role

of madaris

in Pakistan

here

as

theY

are

apart

of

uadidonal

systemof

im-

pafiing

religious

education.

Fresent

government

is

working

to register

these

iladaris

and there

are around

12,000

madaris

that are

yet

to be

reg-

istered.

There

is

also

a dire

need

to

revise

the

method,

sYllabi

and

cur-

riculum

of

these

institutions

so

as

to

impart

true

spfit

of

religious

edu-

cation

without

creating

misconcep-

tions

and

confusions

and also

keeP-

ing them

in

pace

with

contemporary

world.

The

conventional

style of

reli-

gious

education

should

be abolished

and new

methodologies

based

on

sci-

ence

and

technology

should

be

adopted.

The

role

of

civil

society

in

regarding

the

reforms

is

very

crucial

and

equally

required.

In

tJre

past,

there

were

courses

like

PTC,

CT,

etc.

whichwere

oPtional

for

the

students.

In

the

present circum-

stances,

it is

strongly recommended

to replace

such

short

courses

by

di-

ploma

in

education

so

that

the

stu-

dents

after

adopting

teaching

pro-

fession

could

give

their

best

to

the

nation.

On

the

other

hand,

the

teaching

staff

mustbe

provided spe-

cial

training

in

form

of

refresher

courses

to

enhance

their

capacities

and

capabilities.

Education

is

the

key

to

the

develop-

ment

and

advancement

of

anY

na-

tion.

Pakistan needs

higtrly

lqrowl-

edgeable

and

skilled

professionals

equipped

with

innovative

abiljties

to

gain

a

respectable

Place

in

tle

co-

mity

of

nations.

Pakistan

is

passing

through

the

turbulent

Phase

in

terms

of

social,

economic

and

politi-

cal

turmoil.

It

stands

at

the

cross-

roads

and

the only

waY

forward

is

the

promotion

of

education.

Time

is

ripe,

effective

and

imFlementable

ESSAYS

strategies

must

he

formulated

to

come

out

of these

crises'

Education

must

be

made

the toP

PrioritY.

More

tban.4-7%

of GDP

must

be

allocated

for

education

sector,

for

teachers'

training,

development

of

infrastruc-

true,

abolition

of

ghost

schools,

scholarships,

etc.

Chief

Minister's

laptop

scheme

is

a

good

omen

and

an

encouraging

initiative

for

bring-

ing

educational

reforms

in

the

coun-

try.

Such

efforts

canbe

a source

of

encouragencent

and inspiration

for

the

young

generation. Nations

rise

by

dint

of

education

and

education

alone.

If

we

want

to

realise

the

dream

of

socioeconomic

develoP-

ment

inPakistan,

we

must

follow

the

message

that

Quaid-e-Azam

Mu-

hammad

AIi

Jinnah

gave

us

Years

ago.

He

said:

"My

message

to

you

all

is

of

hoPe,

courage

and

confidence.

Let

us

mobi-

Iize

aII

our

resources

in

a systematic

and

organized

way

and

tackle

the

grave

issues

that conftont

us

with

grim

determination

and

discipline

worthy

of

agreatnation.

"

Auin One_Book rV1219


10/52

His

chief concern

was

EDUCATI0N

-

education

for allthe

Muslims and

he

emphasised

on edu'

cation

for

girls/women

as

well.

He recognised

that

the state

of

Muslims could

not

be

reformed

without

gaining

education;

they

would

have

to

bring

a

change

in

their

approach

towards

edu-

cation

in

order to

grow

and

prosper.

He

believed

"the

progress

of

Muslim

community

was

impossible

without

gaining

higher education."

Sir

Syed

Ahmad

Khan

born

in Delhi in 1817

was

considered

as

the

greatest

reformer

of the

Muslims

of sub-

continent.

His

famiiy

had

a

com-

pact

connection

with

the Mughal

courts.

His

mother

took a

pro-

nounced

interest

in

his

education

He

read and understood

the

Qur'an,

received

his

early educa-

tion in Delhi.

He

was

proficient

in

Urdu,

Arabic,

Persian

and

religious

subjects.

He

thoroughly

studied

the

writings

of the

prominent

Mus-

Lim

scholars. In addition, he stud-

ied

mathematics, Islamic

Jurispru-

dence a:rd

astronomy. With

such

a

broad backgrould of early

educa-

tion,

his talent

groomed

which

de-

veloped

the faculty

of

looking

deep

into

affairs.

Moreover,

his diligence

Rubina

Kokab

and love

for Islam

played

a key role

which cultivated

an

urge

in him

to

do

something for

the

Muslims

of

the

subcontineni'

Sir

Syed

Almad

Khan's

mqjor

con-

tribution towards

the Muslim

na-

tionwas that

he was the

founder of

Aiigarh

Muslim University.

All

of

his

efforts,

which can

be

seen

through his

works, were malnly

to

improve

the

plight of

the Muslims

and were devoted

for the

well-

being

of the

Muslims

of the sub-

continent.

His chief concern was,

in

one

word,

EDUCAION

-

education

for

all

the Muslims andhe emphasised

on

education

for

girls/women

as

well.

He

recognised

that

the state

of Mus-

lims

cou-ld not

be

reformed withou

i

education;

they would

have

to

bring

a

change

in

their

approach

to

Al1 in

One

-

Book N

|

223

• œ

Š c

” e

‚

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

æ

äF

å

à

•D

L

A

D

ê

ê

ê

ê

R

E

ê

ê

E

@

ê̂

•A

‚¿

•D

•œ

‚e

•D

V

`•Œ

•E


11/52

wards educadoD to

gxow

and

pros-

per.

He

believed

"the

progress

of

Muslim

community

was.

impossi-

ble

withogt higher education."

Here

it is essential

to know

as

to

why

the

Muslims

of

the

sub-

continent

were lagging behiDd in

education

and why

they

used to

experience

hatred

for the

western

education

which

proved

to

be a

hurdle between them

and the

}crowledge.

Firstly,

Muslims

believed that

their

ftaditional

Islamic

learn-

ing/teachings

v/ere superior

to

that

of'

the

western.

Secondly,

they

did not

'own'

this

education

because

this

western

education

was

imposed

upon

them

by

the

foreigners.

Lastly

and

most

im-

portantly,

I4[uslims of

t]re

sub-

continent

assumed that their be-

liefs

would

be

comrpted

by the

western education because this

Iirrowledge

was coming to them

from the Christians hence

it would

be encapsulating Cbristian system

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12/52

would

not

corrupt

their

belief,

rather

it

was

indispensable

to

com-

pete

with

the

Hindusl

For

this

purpose,

Sir

Syed

Ahmad

Khan issued

a

magazine

named

'Tahzeeb

uI

lkhlaq"

which

ex-

pounded

adoptable

Western

man-

ners.

In tlis'magazine

he

wrote vari-

ous essays

spanning

educational,

re-

ligious

and

philosophical

issues

to

revolutionise

attitude

of

Muslims

to-

wards

western

education.

At

Muradabad,

Sir

Syed

Ahmad

Khan

founded

Gulshan School

in

1859.

In

Ghazipur,

he instituted

Victoria

School

(1863)

and

a

Scientiflc

Soci-

ety in

1864. In

the following

year,

Sci-

entific

Soclety

shifted

to

Aligarh.

The

purpose

of the

Scientific

Society

was

to

translate

practical

and

scien-

tific works

written

in English

lan-

guageintoUrdu.

The

objective

of the

Aligarh

Institute

Gazette was

to

keep

the

British

gov-

ernment

informed

about

the

incli-

nations

of

the [rdians

and

to faci]i-

tate

the

Indians

to

understand

the

Britishsway.

Sir

Syed Ahmad Khan

j

our-

neyed

to

England

during

1869-70.

He

wrote a

de-

fence

in reply

to

Sir

Wil-

liam

Ysit't

book

"Life

of

Mahomet".

The

defence

was

published

in

a

series

of

pamphlets

which

were

soon

published

in

Urdu as

well

and

was

named

as

oKhutbaat-e-

Mufiammadia"-this

de-

fence

of

the life

of

the

Prophet

(S.A.W.)

earn ex-

cgptional

popularity

among

the

nations

in

In-

dia.

During

his

journey

to Eng-

land,

he

got

a

chance

to

watch

the

British

system

of

education

keenly

and

dosdy.

While

examining

British

educational

insti-

tutions,

he

got

an idea

to

found

a

college

particu-

larly

for

the

Muslims

for

"Do

not show

the face

of

lslam

to

others; instead show

your

face

as

the follower

of true

Islam

repre-

senting character, knowledge,

tol-

erance and

piety."

"Iiliteracy

is

the

mother

of

,pov-

erty.

Poverty

Gomes

to

that nation

which

has no literacy

and when it

(poverty)

comes, ittendsto

create

so

many crimes."

"It

was

not

bad

but

the

old

thread

with

which

the ribs

had

been

tied

was

nolv broken

and a new

thread

was

needed

to re-tie

them."

Sir

Syed Ahmed Khan

ƒ N

ESSAYS

the reason

that

the

old/uaditional

system

of

education was

no more

qemFatible

with

the

modern

de-

mands.

He

said,

"It

was

not

bad but

the

old

thread

with

which

the ribs

had

been

tied

was

now

broken

and

a

new

thread

was

needed

to

re-tie

them."

Furthermore,

he

said,

"the

small

imitate

the

great;

not

great

the

small."

He felt

an urgent

need

to

open

a

great

educational institution

to spread

modern education

to the

lower

strata of

the society.

After

his

stay

qt

England,

he

came

back

to

India

with

several

educa-

tional

pattems.

Keeping

those

all

in

view,

he

started

his

educational

movement

with

a

greater zeal

and

zest.

As

a

-result

of

which,

he

founded

Muhammadan

Anglo

Ori-

ental

Coilege in

1875 and

devoted

the

rest of

his life to

this college.

Af-

ter his

death, the

college

got

the sta-

tus

of

university

in

1920.

The

col-

lege,

uldoubtedly,

played

a major

role

in

the

awareness

of the Muslims

of

the

subcontlnent.

Thus,

through

education,

Sir Syed

Ahmad

Khan

tried

to "cure

the

root"

keeping

in

mind

that the

uee wor:Id

itself

flourish-

"flliteracy

is

the mother

of

poverfy.

Poverty

comes

to

that nauox

which

has no

literacy

and

when

it

(pov-

erty)

comes, it

tends to

cre-

ate so

many

crimes,"

he

said. Hence,

he insisted

all

the

Muslims

to

get

educa-

tionto

eradicate

all

the de-

ficiencies

due

to which

Muslims

of the

sub-

continent

were

suffering

from

seemingly

a

never-

endingmisery.

The

author

is

lecturer

of

Phi-

Iosophy

at Government

CoI-

Iege

University,

Lahore.

.She

has been

w orktng

with

various

.

NGOs

as

a

research

scholar.

She can

be contacted

at:

[email protected]

Ail in

One

-

Book

N

|

225

|

|

ƒ “

” £

1‹¿

• u

T;˜W

ƒ m

• ]


13/52

O

mankind

Be

dutifultoyour

Lord,Who

createdyouftom

a singleperson(Adam),

andfromhim(Adam)

Hecreated

his

wife

(gve),

and

ftom

them

both

He created

many

men and

women

and

fear

Allah

through

Whom

you

demand

your

mutual

(rights),

and(do

not

cuttherelations

of)thewombs

(kinship).

Surely,

AllahisEver

andAll'Watcher

over

you."

(AI-Nisa4:1)

,,I

have always

maintained

t].at

no

nation

can

ever

be

worthy

of

its existence

that

cannot

take

its women

along

with

the

men.

No

struggle

can

ever

succeed.

without

women,

participating

side

by si'de

with

men.

There

are

two

powers

in

the

world:

one

is

the

sword

and

the

other

is

the

pen.

There

is

a

great

competition

and

rivalry

between

the two'

There

is

a

third

power

stronger

thanboth,

that

of

the

women"

Quaid-e-Azam

Muhammad

AIi

Jinnah

Speech

at Islamia

College

for

Women

March

25,

1940

Intoduction

Woman

can be

called

as

God's

complete

creation.

She

is the

symbol

of

love,

care,

tenderness

and

in-

tensity.

Women

are

emotionallY

stronger

than

men.

Margaret

Thatcher,

Benazir

Bhutto

and

Indira

Gandhi

have

shown

that

women

can

rule

a

country even

better

than

men

However,

historicallY

the

women

have

not

been

teated

nicelY

bY

men

They

have

been

denied

their

rights

and

opportunities,

one

maY

exPeri-

ence such

attitude

in

offices,

facto-

ries,

schools,

sports

and

entertain-

ment

fields.Constitution

of

Pakistan

guarantees the

rights

of women

and

does

not

discrimi:rate

them

in

anY

sphere

of

life.

The

status

of

women

in

Pakistan

varies considerably

de-

pending

on

dass,

regions,

andthe

ru-

ral/urban

divide.

The

uneven

socio-

economic

develoPmeat

and

the

tribal

and

feudal

customs

have

strong

impact

on

the

formations

of

234

I

Ail

in

One

-

Book

IV

women's

lives.

At one

Place

some

women are

soaring

in

the skies

as

pi-

lots

of

fighter

planes

and

others

are

being

buried

alive

for

deffig

tribal

naditions.

Substance

ofthe

essav

The

Pakistaniwomen

of

todaY

enjoY

a bi:tter

status

than

many

other

Mus-

lim

women.

However,

generallY, the

women's

situation

vis-d-vis

men

is

one

of

systemic

gender

subordina-

tion,

although

there

have

bem

at-

tempts

by

the

government

and

the

civil

society

to

elevate

the

status

of

women

in

Pakistani

society.

It

can

be

safely

stated

that

despite

all

the

con-

stitutional

guarantees,

rdigious

val-

ues

and

lsnshings,

human

rights,

women

are

much

dePrived

andmal-

treated

segment

of

society.

In

most

of

the

cases

she

is considered

as

the

root

cause

of

all evils

and

very

rarely

as

an

angel

in

the

house.

More

than

60

years

after

indePendence,

80

Per

cent

of

Pakistani

women

are

sub-

a*"*'3*ff?II

jected

to

domestic

violence'

while

one

in three

has to

endure

villainY

like

rape,

honour

killing, irnmolation

and acid

attacks.

Our

counEy

is

ranked

82

out

of93

countries

onthe

Gender

DevdoPment

tndo<

and

152

out

of 156

countries

gn the

Gender

Empowerment

Measure.

InPakistanthe

storyof

awoman's

de-

privations

start

even

before

her

birth,

because

the

girl-child is not

a

particularly'wanted

child.

Her

life

is

a

journey

of

subordination

When

she

is

young

her

father

decides

for

her on

the

matters

ranglng

from

her

right

to

education

to

aII

the

impor-

tant

matters

including

her

mar-

riages.

After

marriage,

her

husband

and

her

in-laws

get

hold of

her

reins

and

decide

matters

on her

behalf

-

whether

she

will

have

cNld

every

year

or

not,

or

she

will

bear

and

not

girls

boys

every

time

she

conceives'

or

whether

she

can

seekindependent

smployment

and

so

on.

FinallY,

when

she

becomes

old

and

her

husband


14/52

gets

weak

or

may have

departed

al-

ready,

it

is

now-her

son

or

sons

who

would

decide

her fate

in

the

declin-

ing

years

of

her

life.

In

addition

to

that,

women in

Pakistan

face

all

kinds of

gross

vioience

and

abuse at

the hands

of

the male

perpetrators,

family

members and

the

state

agents.

Multiple

forms of violence in-

clude rape, domestic

abuse

as

spousal

murder, mutilation,

burnin

g

and

disfiguring

of

facesbyacid, beat-

ings, honour-killings

and

custodial

abuse and

torlurs. fisgslding

to

a re-

port

by AmDesty International

re-

leased on

June

1

5,

2000, several

hu-n-

dred

women

and

girls

die

each

year

in so-called

'honour-killings'

in

Paki-

stan,

in

the

backdrop

to

govern-

ment's

inaction

Sadly

enough,

she

has beendeprived

of

her

fuadamen-

tal right

to

acquire education

which

is

the best source of

women

empow-

erment.

It

is

only

education

that

can

empower

her

not

only socially but

also

financially and

professionally.

It

will

be because

of education that

helps her

widen

the

mental

horizon.

Thus,

this is

an

undeniable

fact that

provision

of

education to every ordi-

nary woman

can

considerably

change

her fate.

Undoubtedly, edu-

cation

plays

a role of backbone in the

development of

woman

at

every

level.

Despite

the

improvement

in

Paki-

stan's literacy rate since

its inde-

peridence,

the educational

status

of

Pakistani women

is

among

the

low-

est

in

the

world.

The

literacy rate for

urban women

is

more

tlan

five

times the

rate

for

rwal women.

The

school

drop-out rate

among

girls

is

veryhigh

(almost

50

per

cent), the ed-

ucational

achievements

of

female

students

are

higher

as compared

with

male

students

at differmt

lev-

els of

education

This

is the

story of

few

years

ago but now

the

education

in

Pakistan

for women

ls

improving

rapidly.

In

the Lahore

city

there

are

total

46

public

colleges out

of

which

26

are

female

colleges and

if

we

talk

about the

rest of

20

colleges some

of

them

are

offering

co-eciucation

Sim-

ilarly,

the

public

universities

of

Paki-

stan

have female

enrolment more

thanofboys.

The

state

of rural

wornen

as

com-

pared

to

urban

ones needs

urgent at-

tention-

The

ruralwomen

are u.rrder-

going

worst ordeal at the hands

of

feudal

lards. They

have

been

kept

vastly ignorant of their fundameutal

rights

such

as

education,

health,

par-

ticipatiou

in

politics,

professional

and

financial liberty.

They

being

il-

literate

and

uneducated cannot

fight

for

their

basic

rights.

This

gruesome

state of

womenis

justbecause

of the

lack

of

education.

The

woman

has

no

say

in

any

do-

mestic

affairs of

Me.

She

has

been

the target of male

dominance.

It is

only

male,

who

is to

\/ield

power

in

both

domestic and

private

affairs

of

life,

whether it is the

choice

of mar-

riage, casting of

votes

or any other

fi-

nancial

and

professional

matters.

There is

another

social evil

in society

which

is

feudal attitude.

It

wipes

out

the

entire

factors

whichhdp

woman

to

be

empowered.

It

has

really

be-

come a stumbling-block

in women

Pmpower4ent.

This social evil

ur-

gently

needs to be eradicated

so tlat

the chances

of woman

empo\ryer-

ment may

become

possible

in the

nearfuture;

Truly

speaking, the

poor

state

of

women

can onlybe

improvedbypro-

moting education ranging from

pri-

mary to higher level and opening

up

the doors

of opportunity for

jobs

in

djfferent

departments, so

that, they

can

become socially, economically,

politically

and

professionally

strong

eutity

ofthe

society.

Condusion

To

condude

there

are

plenty

of ideas

about

what

is needed

legally and

ad-

ministra0vely

to make

a

reai differ-

ence,

but

none of

those

will

have

the

ESSAYS

desired impact unless

our

vision is

tolerant, modern, liberal

and

pro-

gressive.

But

this

is

only

possible

when

the

women

in

Pakistan

have

the skills

and

the

necessary

exper-

tise to

use

it. This needs

to be started

from the

grass

roots level,

as

two

per-

cent of the

coulty's

elite using

this

technologywould

not make much of

a

djfference.

Dogmatic obscuran-

tism

and

patriarchal

values

have

twisted and distorted our

sense

of

societal values,

particularly

with

re-

spect to women and their

place

in

so-

ciety. Unless

eirtlghtened

approach

is adopted by the society,

the

innate

prejudice

against

women

that

is

so

widespread

in

Pakistan and which

our

society

as a

whole

seems to

blindly

pedal,

or witfully

prefer,

will

continue to

play

havoc

with

the

lives

of

women.

Finally, the state

of

women

can

onlybe

improved

on the

basis of

promotion

of education,

greater

participation

in

politics

and

widespread a\ryareness about social,

economic and

political

issues. Pro-

fessional

and financial

liberfy

can

further

improve the

state of

women.

Reduction

of

poverty

and

feudalism

can successfully

improve

the

state

of

women

in Pakistan- Positive

role

of religious scholars and media

can

hopefully

ameliorate

the

miserable

state

of

women-

Last

but not

the

least,

the role

of

strong

and cogent

institutions can

definitely

heighten

the

status of

womm

of Pakistan.

For

I

cannot think

that

God

Al-

mighty

ever

made

them

lwomen]

so

delicate, so

glorious

creatures;

and

furnished

them

with

such

chalms,

so

agreeable

and so de-

ligbtfui

to mankind;with

souls ca-

pable

of the

same

accomplish-

ments

with

men:

and all, to be

only

Stewards

of

our

Houses,

Cooks,

andSlaves.

DANIEL

DEFOE,

the

Education

of

Women

in

One

-

Book

IV

I

|

|

|


15/52

2)

Present

scenario

(simply

narrate

few

events)

3)

Causes

(startingfromitsPast)

4) Effects

(show

the

present

state

of

crisis)

5)

Solutions

(reveal

the

furure

of

problem)

6)

Conclusion

(Sum

uP

the

whole

story)

SAMPLE

OUTLINE

FOR

EXTREMISMINPAKISTAN

In this

essaY,

a

model

outline

has

been

given

for

the

convenience

of

the

CSS

students

how

to

make

an

outline.

SYNOPSIS

InEoduction:

(Use

marker)

Present

GIoomY

Scenarlo

of

Bloodshed:

(use

marker)

.

Successful

military

operation

in

Swat

.

Uncontrolled

drone

attacks

.

Recurring

suicide

attacks

.

Media

hype

(use

adjectives)

mention

3

to

4

main

Points

Factors

contrlbuting

to

this

'Madness':

(Do

not

simPIY

write

'causes'

but

self

exPlanatorY

sentence)

Aftermaths

of Soviet

Invasion

of

Afghanistan

US

assistance

for

'Jihadi'

Culture

-

SoIo

policY making

bY

the

dictators.

MisinterPretation

of

'Jihad'

Suicidal

PovertY

Chronic

i-lliteracY

Logical

Consequences

of

Growing'Menace':

(do

nor

simPIY

write

effects)

i)

At

National

Level

(divide

to

make

it

clear):

.

FlightofcaPital

.

Nation-wide

fear

o

Threat

to

democracY

ii)

At

International

Level:

o

Extremist

image

of

Pakistan

.

Nuclear

Programunder

threat

.

Reinforcing

Indian

allegations

.

American

interference

in

our

Policies

Pragmatic

Solutions

to convert

this

'HeIl'

into

'Heaven':

(Solutions)

i)

At

National

Level:

.

Strong

Parliament

.

Peace

dialogue

but

use

of

forcc

against

Armed

grouPs

.

Economic

DeveloPment

.

Madressah

Reforms

r

Positive

Media

debate

ii)

Atlnternationallevel:

.

Constructive

role

of

OiC,

SCO

etc.

.

US

should

revise

anti-

Muslim

campaign

.

Sincere

interfaith

HarmonY

.

Constructive

Role

of

Global

Media

.

Conclusion:

(Give

futuristic

approach)

The

conciusion

is

the

Iast

paragraPh

of

an

essaY.

Although

^often

Uiief

in comparison

with

thc

other

paragraPhs,

the

conclusion

performs

a

number

of

verY

significant

functions.

When

writing

a conclusion

for

your

essay,

it's

helpful

to

keep

thcse

basic

considerations

in

mind:

Your

conclusion

..is

thc

last

paragraPh

that

Your

''reader

will

encounter.

Your

conclusion

should

remind

vour

reader

about

the

most

i*po.tu.rt

aspects

of

Your

essaY.

In

most

essays,

therefore'

Your

conclusion

should

creatively

restate

the

main

idea

of

the

essaY.

Your

conclusion

should

also

leave

your

reader even

more

interested

in

Your

topic

and

idea

For

some

essays,

esPeciallY

for

persuasive

or

argumentative

cssays'

it's

particularly

effective

to

end

your

conclusion

by

directly

addressing

your

reader

with

a

question

or

.call

for

action.

Be

sure

to

sPend

a

good

dcal

of

time

Planning

and

writing

Your

conclusion.

A

strong

conclusion

can

resolve

and

fulfill

Your

essay

as

a

whole

and

make

a

real

imPact

on

your

examiner.

‚

•

EFFECTIVE ESSAY WRITING

TECHNIQUES

Majority

of

the

students

do

not

plan,

organize

and

memorlze

the

points

of

speciflc

topics.

On

the

contrary,

in

the

-examination

hall;

they

reluctantly

choose

the

topic'

vainly

try

t-o

organize

the

scattered

material

and

nervously

start

writing.

Lack

of

time

management

(writing

practice

within

three hours)

causes

arxiety

which

results

in

improper

handwriting,

irrelevant

material,

disordered

develoPment

of

thoughts

and

recurring

grammatical

mistakes

with

unstructured

p

aragraPhs.

THE

MARKING

SCHEME

OF

ESSAYPAPER

The

examiner

Iooks

into

the

following

aspects

of an

essaY:

1)

Presentation:

Hand

writing,

e f

f ective

P

ar a

graPhin

g

2)

Language:

Correction,

VocabuIarY, Punctuation'

Conciseness,

Sentence-

structure

3)

Knowledge:

Facts

&

figures'

Examples,

AnalYsis,

Arguments

4)

Relevancy:

Write

the

title

words

inoutline.

5)

Sequence:

Introduction,

Present

scenario,

causes,

effects,

suggestions

and

conclusion.

DEVELOPINGAN

OUTUNE

Nowit

is the

student's

strategy

to

show

ali

these

five

aspects

in

his

outline

to

convilce

and

impress

the

examiner

who

can

assess

his\her

art

of

writing

an essaY.

The

student

is

suPPosed

to

develop

a

slmopsis

of

a

well

thought

topics

within

30

minutes.

FORMAT

OF

DEVELOPING

AN

ESSAY

REIATINGTO

ANY

CURRENT

ISSUE:

The

essaY

PaPer

mainlY

comprises

of

various

ryPes

of

national

and

international

issues'

Therefore

the

following

format

is

highly

suPPortive;

1)

Introduction

(define

the

title

with

direct

and

exact

way)

236

I

AIl

in One

-

Book

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•œ

•

•

‚

‚

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

ƒ


16/52

A

mo,Cel

Paper

for

Every

Day

Science

Time allowed l•E

art 80 Tninutes&2•g

art 100 mmutes

Total Marks 100

First

attempt

part-

I which

is

com-

pulsory.

Part

-

I

a.

No-l.

Select

the best op-

tion/answer

1. ....isn't a worm

at all

-

it's the

name

for

a type

of

fungal

skinin-

fection"

a. Roundworm

b.

Ringworm

c.Tapeworm

d.

Flatworm

2.

........ is

a disease

thatresults

in dramatic

mortality worldwide

a. Epidemic

b.

Endemic

c.Pandemic

d.Globedemic

3.

Ammeter

is

used

to

measure

electric current

through

the cir-

cuit

and

is

always connected in

to a

circuit.

a.

Series b.Paranel

c.Perpendicular

d.Adjacent

4.

An

.........

is

a

device

for

mea-

suringwindspeed

a.WindVane

b.Anemometer

c.

Speedometer

d.

Tachometer

•RŒ

6.Humaneyehas

a. ConvexLens

b. Concave

Lens

c.

Plano

ConvexLens

d. Plano

Concave

Lens

7.

Which

of

the

following

is not

an

inorganic

compound?

a.Ammonia

238

|

All in

One

-

Book

IV

b.Calcil17n Carbonate

c.Plastic

d.Ceramic

8.Which ofthe fonowing is not all

‰ ñ

a•EH3C00H b.NaOH

C•EaC03 d•E

KOH

9. Which of

the following

bas

high-

est

dectrical

conductivity?

a.Aluminum

b. Copper

c.Gold

d.Silver

L0.

Which

of

the

following

has

shortestwavdength

a.

GammsXnys

b.XRays

By

Mian Shafiq CSP

[email protected]

c.

Microwaves

d.

Radio

Waves

11.

. ..... .... ts

the branch

of

science

concerned with

formation

of

an-

o16lgngs?

a.

Dendrochronology

Palecology

c.

Dendrology

d.

Taxonomy

12.

Mitrd

valve

is

present

be-

tween.........

a. Lefr & Right

AEium

b.

Left

&

zught venrricle

c.

RightAtriovenficle

d. LeftAtrioventricle

13.

Banaspati

ghee

is

forrned

by

the

addition of.........

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