World Studies CP

Final Review Guide

Answers

Chapter 18

• Section 1 = start of the war

• Section 3 = Russian Revolution

• Section 4 = End of War

• Section 5 = Peace after WWI

18.3 Russian Revolution

Causes of 1905 Russian Revolution (18.3)

• Russo-Japanese war caused it

• Russia was defeated by the tiny newly modernized nation of Japan

• Caused the people to lose faith in the Czar/Government. People felt they had no power

• Russia is the ONLY nation to still have an absolute monarch

Duma (18.3)

• 1905 first elected national Parliament was formed because of the failed revolution

Bolsheviks (18.3)

• Peace, Land, Bread

• Promised to withdraw from WWI

• Lead by Lenin

• Overthrew the Provisional Government

Causes of WWI (18.1)

• Nationalism

• Militarism

• Imperialism

• System of Alliance

• Known as Balkan Powder Keg

• Archduke Fernandez was the Spark

Balkan Powder Keg

• Serbia and Slavs

• Nickname for the start of WWI

Mensheviks (18.3)

• Rival of the Bolsheviks for control of the Soviets

• Mensheviks were more moderate than the violent Bolsheviks

League of Nations (18.5)

• Was one of Wilson’s 14 points

• Organization to prevent future war

• United States did not join

New Nations after WWI (18.5)

• Poland

• Yugoslavia

• Finland

Treaty of Versailles (18.5)

• Paris Peace Conference, Russia not invited

• Germany fully responsible

• Austria – Hungary split

• Germany military was limited

Alexander II

• Czar who made reforms but was assassinated

• Freed the serfs in 1861

• He was Czar Nicholas II’s grandfather

Nicholas II

• Last Czar of Russia

• He and his family killed

Wilhelm II

• Kaiser (German Ruler) during WWI

• He replaced Wilhelm I and fired Bismarck (Blood and Iron guy)

Woodrow Wilson

• United States President

• Proposed 14 points

Homework

• Read and look at pictures 19.1

• Answer the question

• Why did WWI spark these artist movements

Chapter 19

• 19.1 = literature and art that shows disillusionment

• 19.2 = Economic problems world wide• 19.3 = political tensions and national

movements• 19.4 = the rise of Germany and Italy • 19.5 = Stalin’s Russia (in your russion rev

packet)

Maginot Line pg 546

• Series of fortification put up by France to protect them from Germany

Easter Rebellion pg 548

• Irish nationalist movement

• 1916

Weimar Republic pg 553

• Unpopular democratic government in Germany

• Signed Treaty of Versailles

Black Shirts pg552

• Mussolini’s private police

Brown Shirts pg 553

• Hitler’s private police

Adolph Hitler

• Copied Mussolini's totalitarian system

• Great speaker

• Fear of Jews

• Fear of communism

Benito Mussolini

• Totatlitairan system in Italy

• First!

Francisco Franco

• Fascist Leader of Spain

• Received aid from Italy and Germany

Joseph Stalin

• USSR

• Collective farms and heavy machinery

• Five year plan

Vladimir Lenin

• Was the leader of USSR before Stalin

Third Reich

• Next 1000 years of German rule

Hitler’s rise to power

• Powerful speaker

• Inflation

• Hate of the Treaty of Versailles

• Weak and hated government

• Blame the Jews

Mein Kampf

• Written by Hitler, his ideas on totalitarianism

• Includes his ideas for the final solution

Communism

• Government owns almost everything and control the press and uses secret police

• *** economic equal ***

Fascism

• Started in Italy

• The state was above the individual

• Heart and the mind

• Collective will

Collective Farms

• Under Stalin

• Were not productive

• Everyone shares work and profits

Five year Plan

• Stalin’s plan to improve the economy quickly

New Economic Policy

• Lenin’s plan

Nazi Party

• National Socialist workers party

• Munich power base

• Took over the Reichstag (government)

• Hitler was the leader

Purges

• Stalin got rid of opposition

• Killed anyone who got in his way!

• In the party or out of it

• Sent off to Siberia

Chapter 20

British controlled areas

• In Africa

• Mandates after WWI

• Egypt became independent in 1922

Boxer Rebellion

• 1900 Chinese Christians and foreign missionaries were attacked

• Chinese didn’t want to open to the WEST

Kuomintang

• 1912 to Sun Yat-sen

• Nationalist

• Non-communist

Sun Yat-sen

• Was a nationalist leader in China

Mao Zedong

• Communist leader of China

• Escaped from nationalist during Chinese civil war on the long march (6,000 miles)

Russo-Japanese War

• 1905

• Japanese defeat Russia

• Created international prestige for the tiny island nation of Japan

Modernizing Japan

• Rise in population

• Social tensions

• Lower standard of living

• Military began to gain influence and people were unhappy

Changes in Latin America

• Industrialization

• Immigration from Europe

• Rise in Labor Unions

• Population growth

Mohandas Gandhi

• Fought for Indian independence from Britain

• Pacifist

• Non-violent resistance

Mustafa Kemal

• Father of secular (non-Islamic) Turkey

Reza Pahlavi

• Shah of Iran

• Modernized Iran

Chiang Kai-Shek

• Nationalist leader of China

• Fled China after communist took over

Zionism

• Desire to create a Jewish Homeland in Palestine (holly land)

Chapter 22

Cold War

• Soviet Union and United States

• Soviet Union had aggressive nationalist policies

United nations Purpose

• Tried to maintain world peace and security by working together.

Major bodies of the United nations. You need to know at

least 3• General Assembly = all members

– Goals to create peace and human dignity

– Security Council = 5 members United States, Russia, Great Britain, France and China, plus 10 rotating members. This group vote on whether the UN will take military action

Nuremberg Trials

• International court held in Nuremberg Germany

• Nazi leaders were put on trial for war crimes and crimes against humanity

• First such trial of its kind

Marshall Plan

• United States plan to loan and then rebuild European infrastructure

Containment

• American policy after WWII to keep communism from spreading

NATO

• North Atlantic Treaty Organization

• “Western” military alliances against Communism (Russia)

Warsaw Pact

• “eastern” military alliance created in response to NATO

• Cold War

Division of Germany

• Demilitarized Germany. Each allied power got a zone. United States, Great Britain, France and U.S.S.R

• Berlin was divided into 4 zones as well

European Union/common market

• Increased economic cooperation among member nations

• Common currency = Euro

• Reduced trade barriers

Nikita Khrushchev

• Leader of U.S.S.R

• Began De-Stalinization (taking away 5 year plans and secret police)

Berlin Wall

• Symbol of the cold war

• Split Berlin

• U.S.S.R zone cut off

• Went up in 1961

• Went down in 1989

Iron Curtain

• Phrase coined by Winston Churchill

• Referred to all the nations under Soviet control against their wishes

West German Miracle

• Great period of prosperity in W. Germany after WWII

• Marshall Plan had helped Germany become an economic wunder

Chapter 23

Tiananmen Square

• 1989

• Chinese demonstrations for democracy

• Thousands of unarmed protestors killed

• Out cry from the international community

Taliban

• Afghanistan

• Fundamentalist Muslim Regime

Deng Xiaoping

• Leader in the late 1970’s after the death of Mao

• 4 Modernizations

• Moved China toward a market economy (not planned communist economy)

Cultural Revolution

• One of Mao’s Policies to make people more “communist”

• Created after the failure of the Great Leap forward

• Was an attempt to get rid of the old ways

Red Guards

• Under Mao

• Little Red Book

• Young, radical students

• Enforced the Cultural Revolution

Mao’s 5 year plans

• First 5 year plan to increase the economy (it was OK)

• Great Leap Forward (millions died)

• Cultural Revolution (millions sent to re-education camp, Red Guards, little red book)

Taiwan

• Where Nationalist fled when the Communist won civil war

• Wanted independence from China

People’s Republic of China

• Communist China

• 1949

• Mao was the first leader. Took over after the long march

Indira Gandhi

• First Prime Minister of India (was a women)

• Was assassinated

Benazir Bhutto

• Prime Minister of Pakistan at age of 35

• First female to serve as Prime Minister in an Islamic country

Corazon Aquino

• Philippines

• Took power after Marcos was removed from power

• First female leader

4 Tigers / Pacific Rim

• South Korea

• Singapore

• China

• Japan

• These are the 4 largest economies in Asia

Hirohito

• Emperor of Japan during and after WWII

• Had to admit he was not divine after WWII

• Became head of state and nothing more

Chapter 24

OPEC

• Control supply and cost of oil

Nelson Mandela

• Spent 27 years in prison for attempting to overthrow racist government where blacks were not allowed to vote

• Later becomes first black president of South Africa

Apartheid

• Laws and culture of South Africa to keep whites and blacks segregated

Wars fought against Israel

• Wars in 1948

• Six Day war

• Yom Kippur

• Arabs were very unset with the creation of Israel and attempted to take back the land and give it all to Palestine

Intifada

• The shaking

• 1978 and 2001

• Violent uprising of Palestinians

Persian Gulf War

• Fought to liberate Kuwait

Gamal Abdel Nasser

• Leader of Egypt 1952-1970

• Anti west

• Took control of Suez Canal

Anwar el-Sadat

• Leader of Egypt

• Signed the Camp David Accords

Menachem Begin

• Leader of Israel

• Signed Camp David Accord

Ayatollah Khomeini

• Leader of Iran

• Took power in 1979

• Spiritual leader

• Anti west

Yitzhak Rabin

• Israeli Prime Minister

• 1993

• Signed Oslo Accords

Iranian revolution

• Pro west shah replaced by Khomeini

• Goal to great a fundamentalist Islamic state

• Anti-west

PLO

• Palestinian Liberation Organization

• Leader, Yassir Arafat

Chapter 25

Monoculture 25.1 pg 719

• Mono= one

• Too much of one or two crops

• As the world prices of these few crops rose and fell… these nations go on a economic roller coaster

OAS (organization of American States)

• Fosters economic and military cooperation in South America

Institutional Revolutionary Party25.2 pg 723

• PRI

• In Mexico

• In power for 70 years

Drug Cartel 25.4

• Medillen and Cali drug Cartels in Colombia

• Zetas and Gulf in Mexico

Augusto Pinochet 25.4

• Leader of Chile

• Used political repression to maintain power

• Dictatorship

Fulgencio Batista 25.3 pg 730

• Leader of Cuba

• Was taken out of power by Castro

• Was Pro-United States

Manuel Noriega 25.2 pg 728

• Leader of Panama

• United States believed he was helping drugs cartels

• George Bush sent in U.S troops

• Noriega was captured and convicted of drug trafficking

• 40 years in prison in U.S.

Oscar Arias 25.2 page 729

• Costa Rican president• Proposed a peace plan and economic

reforms.• Felt there would be no peace in the region

with out democracy• Nobel Peace Prize in 1987 for his efforts• Endorsed by Costa Rica, El Salvador,

Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua

Fidel Castro 25.3 pg 730

• Took power from Batista

• Communist leader of Cuba

• Supported communist take over in other nations

Jean-Bertrand Aristide 25.3pg 734

• Leader of Haiti

• First democratically elected president

• Was put back into power by the United States

Juan Peron 25.4 pg 738

• Two time leader of Argentina

• Wife Evita loved by nation

Contras 25.2 pg 727

• Fought against the Sandinistas (Marxist group in Nicaragua) Sandinistas had ties to Cuba

• Contras were a guerrilla group trying to overthrow the Sandinistas and were funded by the United State s

NAFTA 25.1 pg 720

• North Atlantic Free Trade Association

• Created a free trade zone between Mexico, Canada, and the United States

Chapter 26

Northern Ireland religious issues

• Catholic v. Protestants

• Republic of Ireland 1922, North under British rule and the south under Catholic rule with a protestant minority

• Page 757

Economic problems in France

• Immigration

• Unemployment

• Recession

Afghanistan and U.S.S.R

• 1979 Russians invade to prop up the communist government

Perestroika

• Restructuring in the Soviet Union

Glasnost

• Open-ness of government

Velvet Revolution

• Vaclad Haval

• Czechoslovakia

Nikolai Ceausescu

• Romania dictator

• Executed for crimes against humanity and his wife too

Slobodon Milosevic

• Leader of Serbia

• Took parts of Croatia and Bosnia to create a “Greater Serbia” without ethnic minorities

Lech Walesa

• In Poland

• Political solidarity

Ethnic Cleaning

• Yugoslavia

• Broke into several other countries like Serbia

German re-unification

• Result of the fall of the Berlin wall 1989

• Free Berlin

• Capital of Germany again Berlin

• October 3, 1990

Maastricht Treaty

• 1993

• EEC created the EU

• Not tariffs and common currency

Euro

• EU’s common currency

Soviet Satellite Nations

• Czechoslovakia

• Hungary

• Poland

Osama bin Laden

• Planned Sept 11

Margaret Thatcher

• Conservative Prime Minster of Britain

• Thatcherism = reduce government involvement in industry and reduce taxes

Helmut Kohl

• German Chancellor 1982-1998

• Christian Democrat

Leonid Brezhnew

• Successor to Khreshev

• Pledged Military force to any satellite country moving away from communism

Boris Yeltsin

• First democratically elected President of Russia