WORLD SPACECRAFT DIGEST by Jos Heyman 1985 Version: 30 … · The satellite was later purchased by...

WORLD SPACECRAFT DIGEST by Jos Heyman 1985 Version: 30 August 2013 © Copyright Jos Heyman

1985 001A (15464) Name: Sakigake Country: Japan Launch date: 7 January 1985 Re-entry: in orbit Launch site: Kagoshima Launch vehicle: Mu 3S-2

Orbit: 0.817 x 1.014 AU, inclination: 1.40°

Also known as MS-T5, Sakigake was sent on a trajectory to intercept Halley's Comet at a distance of 7 million km on 11 March 1986. The 141 kg satellite was originally an engineering test model of the Suisei spacecraft (1985 073A) and measured ion temperature and density, the ambient magnetic field, plasma waves, radio bursts and auroral radiation. The instruments included a plasma wave probe, a solar wind ion detector and a magnetometer.

1985 002A (15467) Name: Kosmos-1616 Country: USSR Launch date: 9 January 1985 Re-entry: 4 March 1985 Launch site: Baikonour Launch vehicle: Soyuz U

Orbit: 172 x 358 km, inclination: 64.9° Yantar 4K2 military reconnaissance satellite as described for 1981 080A.

1985 003A (15469) Name: Kosmos-1617 Country: USSR Launch date: 15 January 1985 Re-entry: in orbit Launch site: Plesetsk Launch vehicle: Tsyklon 3

Orbit: 1414 x 1415 km, inclination: 82.6°

Launched in groups of six, the Strela 3 were for military communications using a store-dump mode. The operational system consisted of 12 satellites. The satellites were built by NPO PM as article 17F13 and had a mass of 230 kg. At some launches two of the six satellites were believed to have been larger than the remaining four. From 2002 the satellites were launched in pairs by Kosmos 3M launch vehicles.

1985 003B (15470) Name: Kosmos-1618 Country: USSR Launch date: 15 January 1985 Re-entry: in orbit Launch site: Plesetsk Launch vehicle: Tsyklon 3

Orbit: 1407 x 1415 km, inclination: 82.6° Strela 3 military communications satellite as described for 1985 003A.

1985 003C (15471) Name: Kosmos-1619 Country: USSR Launch date: 15 January 1985 Re-entry: in orbit Launch site: Plesetsk Launch vehicle: Tsyklon 3


1985 003D (15472) Name: Kosmos-1620 Country: USSR Launch date: 15 January 1985 Re-entry: in orbit Launch site: Plesetsk Launch vehicle: Tsyklon 3


1985 003E (15473) Name: Kosmos-1621 Country: USSR Launch date: 15 January 1985 Re-entry: in orbit Launch site: Plesetsk Launch vehicle: Tsyklon 3


1985 003F (15474) Name: Kosmos-1622 Country: USSR Launch date: 15 January 1985 Re-entry: in orbit Launch site: Plesetsk Launch vehicle: Tsyklon 3


1985 004A (15476) Name: Molniya 3-23 Country: USSR Launch date: 16 January 1985 Re-entry: 5 December 1994 Launch site: Plesetsk Launch vehicle: Molniya M

Orbit: 625 x 40646 km, inclination: 62.9° Communications satellite as described for 1974 092A.

1985 005A (15479) Name: Kosmos-1623 Country: USSR Launch date: 16 January 1985 Re-entry: 30 January 1985 Launch site: Baikonour Launch vehicle: Soyuz U

Orbit: 207 x 382 km, inclination: 70.0° Zenit 8 military reconnaissance satellite as described for 1984 058A.

1985 006A (15482) Name: Kosmos-1624 Country: USSR Launch date: 17 January 1985 Re-entry: in orbit Launch site: Plesetsk Launch vehicle: Kosmos 3M


1985 007A (15484) Name: Gorizont-11 Country: USSR Launch date: 18 January 1985 Re-entry: in orbit Launch site: Baikonour Launch vehicle: Proton K/DM

Orbit: geostationary at 140°E Communications satellite as described for 1978 118A.

1985 008A (15492)

Name: Kosmos-1625 Country: USSR Launch date: 23 January 1985 Re-entry: 25 January 1985 Launch site: Baikonour Launch vehicle: Tsyklon 2

Orbit: 111 x 368 km, inclination: 65.0° US-P military ocean surveillance satellite fitted with electronic equipment as described for 1974 103A. The satellite probably had a propulsion system failure and remained in its parking orbit.

1985 009A (15494) Name: Kosmos-1626 Country: USSR Launch date: 24 January 1985 Re-entry: in orbit Launch site: Plesetsk Launch vehicle: Tsyklon 3

Orbit: 631 x 664 km, inclination: 82.5° Tselina D military electronic intelligence gathering satellite as described for 1970 113A.

1985 010A (15496) Name: STS-51C Country: USA Launch date: 24 January 1985 Re-entry: 27 January 1985 Launch site: Cape Canaveral Launch vehicle: STS


Crewed spaceflight with astronauts T. Mattingly (Cmdr.), L. Shriver (Pilot), E. Onizuka, J. Buchli (all Mission Specialists) and G. Payton (Manned Spaceflight Engineer) using the orbiter Discovery as described for 1981 034A. Originally designated as STS-16, the objective of this mission was to launch the Magnum-1 (1985 010B) satellite. Other payloads included: 1. the Radiation Monitoring Equipment (RME) as described for STS-6 (1983 026A); 2. the Visual Function Tester experiment as described for STS-41D (1984 093A); 3. the Cloud Logic to Optimise Use of Defense Systems (CLOUDS) as described for STS-41D (1984

093A); 4. the Oceans experiment, a photographic observation experiment for the US Air Force, also known as

QRSP-004 and NSSA-301; 5. the Storable Fluids Management Demonstration (SFMD), an experiment to explore the dynamics of

fluid transfer in space conditions; 6. the Aggregation of Red Blood Cells (ARC) experiment which studied the aggregation of red blood

cells and blood viscosity in low-gravity conditions; 7. several Detailed Supplementary Objective (DSO) experiments as described for STS-1 (1981 034A),

including:

• DSO-201: Sensory-Motor Investigations;

• DSO-401: Validation of Predictive Tests and Countermeasures for Space Motion Sickness, also known as AMD-101;

• DSO-408: Near Vision Acuity and Contrast Sensitivity;

• DSO-439: Documentation of the Action of Metoclopramide;

• DSO-440: Crew Visual Performance;

• DSO-441: Blood Pressure Monitoring During Reentry;

• DSO-462: Noninvasive Estimation of Central Venous Pressure During Space Flight;

• DSO-484: Assessment of Circadian Shifting in Astronauts by Bright Light;

• DSO-614: Head and Gaze Stability During Locomotion;

• DSO-626: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Responses to Standing Before and After Space Flight;

8. the Interim Operational Contamination Monitor (IOCM)-1, a mid-deck experiment to measure the contamination of the payload bay; and

9. the Orbiter Experiment Autonomous Supporting Instrumentation System (OASIS), a cargo bay contamination monitoring experiment.

The military experiments were also collectively known as DoD 84-2. Because of the weather conditions, the flight was shortened by one day and the crew landed at the Kennedy Space Centre after a flight of 3 days, 1 hour, 33 minutes.

1985 010B (15543) Name: Magnum-1 Country: USA Launch date: 24 January 1985 Re-entry: in orbit Launch site: Cape Canaveral Launch vehicle: STS + IUS

Orbit: geostationary at 70°E

Also known as USA-8 and the USSR designation RER-3-1, it is believed the satellite was the first in the Magnum series of military electronic intelligence gathering satellites placed in geostationary orbit as a replacement for the Rhyolite system as described for 1970 046A. The satellites, which had a length of 10.84 m, a diameter of 3.55 m and a mass of 3600 kg, were designed to capture telemetry signals from missile launches using large diameter antennas. The names Aquacade, as described for 1977 114A, and Orion, as described for 1995 022A, have also been linked to this series.

1985 011A (15505) Name: Kosmos-1627 Country: USSR Launch date: 1 February 1985 Re-entry: in orbit Launch site: Plesetsk Launch vehicle: Kosmos 3M

Orbit: 958 x 1018 km, inclination: 82.9° Parus military navigational satellite as described for 1974 105A.

1985 012A (15514) Name: Kosmos-1628 Country: USSR Launch date: 6 February 1985 Re-entry: 20 February 1985 Launch site: Plesetsk Launch vehicle: Soyuz U


1985 013A (15516) Name: Meteor 2-12 Country: USSR Launch date: 6 February 1985 Re-entry: in orbit Launch site: Plesetsk Launch vehicle: Tsyklon 3

Orbit: 939 x 961 km, inclination: 82.5° Meteorological satellite as described for 1975 064A.

1985 014A (15546) Name: SDS-6 Country: USA Launch date: 8 February 1985 Re-entry: in orbit Launch site: Vandenberg Launch vehicle: Titan IIIB

Orbit: 400 x 39700 km, inclination: 63.0° Military communications satellite as described for 1984 093A. Also known as USA-9.

1985 015A (15560) Name: Arabsat-1A Int. Agency: Arabsat Launch date: 8 February 1985 Re-entry: in orbit Launch site: Kourou Launch vehicle: Ariane 3


Communications satellite owned by the Arab Satellite Communications Organization. The first generation satellites were built by Aerospatiale and were based on the Spacebus 1000. They were three-axis stabilised and had a mass of 532 kg. Each satellite was equipped with 25 transponders in the C band as well as a single transponder in the 4/2.5 GHz band which was used for direct television broadcasting.

1985 015B (15561) Name: Brasilsat-1 Country: Brazil Launch date: 8 February 1985 Re-entry: in orbit Launch site: Kourou Launch vehicle: Ariane 3

Orbit: geostationary at 65°W

Communications satellite built by Spar Aerospace Ltd. Using the Hughes HS-376 platform and owned by Embratel. The first generation satellites, with a mass of 671 kg, were spin-stabilised and carried 24 transponders operating in the C band. The principal recipients of the services of Brasilsat were the remote areas of Brazil and in particular the Amazon region.

The satellite was later purchased by Panamsat and was moved to 79°W.

1985 016A (15574) Name: Kosmos-1629 Country: USSR Launch date: 21 February 1985 Re-entry: in orbit Launch site: Baikonour Launch vehicle: Proton K/DM

Orbit: geostationary at 25°W Oko military early warning satellite as described for 1972 072A but placed in a geostationary orbit. The satellite

was later moved to other locations including 38°W.

1985 017A (15582) Name: Kosmos-1630 Country: USSR Launch date: 27 February 1985 Re-entry: 23 April 1985 Launch site: Baikonour Launch vehicle: Soyuz U


1985 018A (15584) Name: Kosmos-1631 Country: USSR Launch date: 27 February 1985 Re-entry: 8 December 1990 Launch site: Plesetsk Launch vehicle: Kosmos 3M

Orbit: 472 x 512 km, inclination: 65.9° Vektor minor military satellite as described for 1974 044A.

1985 019A (15589) Name: Kosmos-1632 Country: USSR Launch date: 1 March 1985 Re-entry: 15 March 1985 Launch site: Plesetsk Launch vehicle: Soyuz U


1985 020A (15592) Name: Kosmos-1633 Country: USSR Launch date: 5 March 1985 Re-entry: in orbit Launch site: Plesetsk Launch vehicle: Tsyklon 3


1985 021A (15595) Name: Geosat Country: USA Launch date: 13 March 1985 Re-entry: in orbit Launch site: Cape Canaveral Launch vehicle: Atlas E


Geosat was a 635 kg military satellite to provide the US Navy with precise data on the Earth's gravitational field to update the mathematical model used in the Trident 2 missile guidance system. It carried a radar altimeter which mapped sea surface heights with an accuracy of 3 to 4 m.

1985 022A (15597) Name: Kosmos-1634 Country: USSR Launch date: 14 March 1985 Re-entry: in orbit Launch site: Plesetsk Launch vehicle: Kosmos 3M


1985 023A (15617) Name: Kosmos-1635 Country: USSR Launch date: 21 March 1985 Re-entry: in orbit Launch site: Plesetsk Launch vehicle: Kosmos 3M

Orbit: 1474 x 1514 km, inclination: 74.1° Strela 1M military communications satellite as described for 1970 036A .

1985 023B (15618) Name: Kosmos-1636 Country: USSR Launch date: 21 March 1985 Re-entry: in orbit Launch site: Plesetsk Launch vehicle: Kosmos 3M


1985 023C (15619) Name: Kosmos-1637 Country: USSR Launch date: 21 March 1985 Re-entry: in orbit Launch site: Plesetsk Launch vehicle: Kosmos 3M


1985 023D (15620) Name: Kosmos-1638 Country: USSR Launch date: 21 March 1985 Re-entry: in orbit Launch site: Plesetsk Launch vehicle: Kosmos 3M


1985 023E (15621) Name: Kosmos-1639 Country: USSR Launch date: 21 March 1985 Re-entry: in orbit Launch site: Plesetsk Launch vehicle: Kosmos 3M


1985 023F (15622) Name: Kosmos-1640 Country: USSR Launch date: 21 March 1985 Re-entry: in orbit Launch site: Plesetsk Launch vehicle: Kosmos 3M


1985 023G (15623) Name: Kosmos-1641 Country: USSR Launch date: 21 March 1985 Re-entry: in orbit Launch site: Plesetsk Launch vehicle: Kosmos 3M


1985 023H (15624) Name: Kosmos-1642 Country: USSR Launch date: 21 March 1985 Re-entry: in orbit Launch site: Plesetsk Launch vehicle: Kosmos 3M


1985 024A (15626) Name: Ekran-14 Country: USSR Launch date: 22 March 1985 Re-entry: in orbit Launch site: Baikonour Launch vehicle: Proton K/DM


1985 025A (15629) Name: Intelsat 5-F10 Int. Agency: Intelsat Launch date: 22 March 1985 Re-entry: in orbit Launch site: Cape Canaveral Launch vehicle: Atlas Centaur D1AR


Communications satellite as described for 1980 098A. The satellite was later repositioned at 174°E, 66°E and

33°E.

1985 026A (15634) Name: Kosmos-1643 Country: USSR Launch date: 25 March 1985 Re-entry: 18 October 1985 Launch site: Baikonour Launch vehicle: Soyuz U

Orbit: 223 x 294 km, inclination: 64.8° Yantar 4KS1 military reconnaissance satellite as described for 1982 120A.

1985 027A (15636) Name: Kosmos-1644 Country: USSR Launch date: 3 April 1985 Re-entry: 17 April 1985 Launch site: Baikonour Launch vehicle: Soyuz U


1985 028A (15641) Name: STS-51D Country: USA Launch date: 12 April 1985 Re-entry: 19 April 1985 Launch site: Cape Canaveral Launch vehicle: STS


Crewed spaceflight with astronauts K. Bobko (Cmdr.), D. Williams (Pilot), R. Seddon, J. Hoffman, D. Griggs (all Mission Specialists), C. Walker (Payload Specialist) and J. Garn (Observer) using the orbiter Discovery as described for 1981 034A. The flight launched Anik C-1 (1985 028B) and Syncom IV-3 (1985 028C). Other experiments that were carried were: 1. the American Flight Echocardiograph (AFE), to view the hearts of several crew members; 2. the Continuous Flow Electrophorises System (CFES) III-2 as described for STS-41D (1984 093A); 3. two student experiments:

• SE82-3: statoliths in corn root caps;

• SE83-3: effects of weightlessness in ageing brain cells; 4. two Getaway specials as described for STS-3 (1982 022A):

• G471: Capillary Pump Loop (CPL) experiment, a high density thermal system;

• G035: Physics of Solids and Liquids in Zero-Gravity; 5. the 'toys-in-space' experiment, an educational experiments with mechanical toys in microgravity,

which was recorded on video and distributed to schools; 6. the Protein Crystal Growth (PCG)-1 experiment, which grew protein crystals of a size and quality

sufficient to determine the molecular structure of the protein; 7. several Developmental Test Objective (DSO) experiments as described for STS-1 (1981 034A),

including:

• DTO-411: MPS Vacuum Dump Test; 8. several Detailed Supplementary Objective (DSO) experiments as described for STS-1 (1981 034A),

including:

• DSO-401: Validation of Predictive Tests and Countermeasures for Space Motion Sickness;

• DSO-404: Extra Ocular Motion (EOM) Studies, Pre-, In and Post Flight;


• DSO-446: Leg Plethysmography;

• DSO-458: In-flight Pharmacokinetics of Acetaminophen in Saliva;

• DSO-460: Changes in Total Body Water During Spaceflight;



• DSO-546: Medical Tests and Countermeasures (Garn);



9. the Phase Partitioning Experiment (PPE) to separate fluids in zero-gravity; 10. the Astronomy Photography Verification Experiment to test low light level photographic equipment;

and 11. various other medical experiments using Garn as a test subject. Most of the payload was originally on the STS-51E mission which had been cancelled and, except for Walker, who replaced Baudry, the STS-51D crew was that originally scheduled for STS-51E. Most of the original STS-51D crew, which had been D. Brandenstein, J. Creighton, S. Lucid, J. Fabian, S. Nagel and C. Walker, were rescheduled for STS-51G (1985 048A). The original objective of the mission had been to retrieve LDEF (1984 034B) and launch Syncom IV-3. The LDEF retrieval required the flight to employ a direct ascent technique for the launch, burning longer on the main engines and avoiding an OMS burn after separation. Although, following the change in payload, this flight profile was not necessary anymore, the flight profile was not changed. The Anik C-1 satellite was successfully deployed on the first day. Syncom IV-3 was released on 13 April 1985 but the antenna was stuck and a rendez-vous with the satellite was conducted 18 April 1985 and, using an improvised 'swatter' device installed on the end of the Remote Manipulator System (RMS), an attempt was made to release the antenna. The efforts failed. Earlier, on 17 April 1985, Hoffman and Griggs made an EVA of 3 hours, 6 minutes to attach the 'swatter' device to the RMS and test it. After a flight of 6 days, 23 hours, 56 minutes the orbiter landed at the Kennedy Space Centre.

1985 028B (15642) Name: Anik C-1 Country: Canada Launch date: 12 April 1985 Re-entry: in orbit Launch site: Cape Canaveral Launch vehicle: STS + PAM-D


Communications satellite as described for 1982 110C.

1985 028C (15643) Name: Syncom IV-3 Country: USA Launch date: 13 April 1985 Re-entry: in orbit Launch site: Cape Canaveral Launch vehicle: STS + PKM

Orbit: geostationary at 78°E Military communications satellite as described for 1984 093C. The satellite was initially left in a low-Earth orbit

of 316 x 460 km with an inclination of 28.5° and was repaired on 31 August/1 September 1985 by the crew of STS-51I (1985 076A) following which it was placed in its geostationary orbit on 27 October 1985. The satellite

was later transferred to 104°W.

--- Name: --- Country: USSR Launch date: 13 April 1985 Re-entry: n.a. Launch site: Baikonour Launch vehicle: Zenit 2 Orbit: failed to orbit Launch test of the Zenit 2 launch vehicle. It is believed the flight failed although it has also been suggested the flight was intended to be sub-orbital. It carried an EPN 03.0694 mock-up as described for 1985 053A.

1985 029A (15645) Name: Kosmos-1645 Country: USSR Launch date: 16 April 1985 Re-entry: 29 April 1985 Launch site: Plesetsk Launch vehicle: Soyuz U

Orbit: 215 x 389 km, inclination: 62.8° Materials processing satellite in the Foton series as described for 1988 031A. Later also referred to as Foton-1.

--- Name: Bor-5 (flight 3) Country: USSR Launch date: 17 April 1985 Re-entry: 17 April 1985 Launch site: Kapustin Yar Launch vehicle: Kosmos 3MP Orbit: sub-orbital to 130 km Sub-orbital flight of a 1/8th scale model of the Buran shuttle craft as described for 1988 100A. The flight was similar as that one flown on 4 July 1983.

1985 030A (15653) Name: Kosmos-1646 Country: USSR Launch date: 18 April 1985 Re-entry: 2 May 1988 Launch site: Baikonour Launch vehicle: Tsyklon 2

Orbit: 429 x 443 km, inclination: 65.1° US-P military ocean surveillance satellite fitted with electronic equipment as described for 1974 103A. The satellite was fragmented on 20 November 1987.

1985 031A (15655) Name: Kosmos-1647 Country: USSR Launch date: 19 April 1985 Re-entry: 11 June 1985 Launch site: Plesetsk Launch vehicle: Soyuz U


1985 032A (15659) Name: Kosmos-1648 Country: USSR Launch date: 25 April 1985 Re-entry: 6 May 1985 Launch site: Plesetsk Launch vehicle: Soyuz U


1985 033A (15661) Name: Prognoz-10 Country: USSR Launch date: 26 April 1985 Re-entry: 12 January 1994 Launch site: Baikonour Launch vehicle: Molniya M


Scientific satellite in the Prognoz series as described for 1972 029A. The 985 kg satellite carried instruments from the USSR and Czechoslovakia and was also known as Interkosmos-23.

1985 034A (15665) Name: STS-51B Country: USA Launch date: 29 April 1985 Re-entry: 6 May 1985 Launch site: Cape Canaveral Launch vehicle: STS


Spacelab-3

Crewed spaceflight with astronauts R. Overmeyer (Cmdr.), F. Gregory (Pilot), D. Lind, N. Thagard, W. Thornton (all Mission Specialists) and L. Vanden Berg and T. Wang (both Payload Specialists) using the orbiter Challenger as described for 1981 034A. The flight, which originally was designated as STS-19, carried Spacelab-3, consisting of a Spacelab long module (LM1) as described for 1983 116A, for the multi-disciplinary research into microgravity. Because of this, most of the flight was in a gravity-gradient attitude. The Spacelab module carried: 1. three materials sciences experiments:

• the Vapour Crystal Growth System (VCGS) to grow mercury iodine crystals;

• the Fluid Experiment System (FES)-1, a facility to grow crystals from solutions and solidify metal modelling salts and whuch in this mission grew tri-glycerine sulphide crystals;

• the Mercury Iodide Crystal Growth (MICG) furnace for the study of vapor crystal growth of single mercury Iodide crystals;

2. four life sciences experiments, including two monkeys and 24 rats carried in the Research Animal Holding Facility and used in the Urine Monitoring Investigation (UMI), Biotelemetry System (BTS), Dynamic Environment Measurement System (DEMS) and Autogenic Feedback Training (AFT) experiments;

3. two fluid mechanics experiments:

• the Geophysical Fluid Flow Cell (GFFC) to provide information on convective flows in rotating spherical bodies;

• the Drop Dynamics Module (DDM), to provide data on the behaviour of a free floating fluid in microgravity;

4. atmospheric and astronomical experiments:

• the Atmospheric Trace Molecule Spectroscopy (ATMOS)-2 experiment as described for STS-9 (1983 116A);

• the Auroral Imaging Experiment, a sensitive black-white television camera, which was standard flight equipment, to record changing auroras over the Northern Hemisphere;

• the Ionization of Solar and Galactic Cosmic Ray Heavy Nuclei (IONS) experiment to study a recently discovered anomalous component of low-energy galactic cosmic-ray ions and to study the ionization states of heavy elements in energetic solar particles emitted during flare events;

5. the Aerodynamic Coefficient Identification Package (ACIP)-13 as described for STS-1 (1981 034A); 6. the High Resolution Accelerometer Package (HiRAP)-7 as described for STS-6 (1983 026A); 7. several Developmental Test Objective (DTO) experiments as described for STS-1 (1981 034A); 8. several Detailed Supplementary Objective (DSO) experiments as described for STS-1 (1981 034A),

including:

• DSO-203: Biomagnistat: The Effects of Electromagnetic Fields on Cells;

• DSO-437: Microbial Monitoring;

• DSO-439: Documentation of the Action of Metoclopramide;



• DSO-451: Eye-Hand Coordination During SMS;

• DSO-453: Combined Blood Investigations;

• DSO-462: Noninvasive Estimation of Central Venous Pressure During Space Flight;



• DSO-626: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Responses to Standing Before and After Space Flight; and

9. a Very Wide Field camera. In addition it was the intention to deploy the Nusat (1985 034B) and Glomr satellites. The first was deployed on 29 April 1985 from the G010 Getaway canister as described for STS-3 (1982 022A) whilst the deployment of the latter, also from a Getaway canister (G303), failed. Glomr was again flown on STS-61A (1985 104A) and launched as 1985 104B. During the flight the fluid dynamics experiment had to be repaired whilst the Very Wide Field camera failed. Also, the animal holding facility failed and waste material leaked into the main cabin. The orbiter landed after 7 days, 0 hours, 9 minutes at Edwards AFB.

1985 034B (15666) Name: Nusat Country: USA Launch date: 29 April 1985 Re-entry: 15 December 1986 Launch site: Cape Canaveral Launch vehicle: STS + GAS


The Northern Utah Satellite (Nusat) was an experimental satellite for air traffic control radar calibration. It had a mass of 52 kg and carried six L-band receivers to receive transmissions from radar sites to be calibrated, an on-board processor for storing the transmission data and a VHF transmitter to dump radar data at command of a ground station. The satellite was ejected from a Getaway canister as described for STS-3 (1982 022A), by means of spring.

1985 035A (15677) Name: G Star-1 Country: USA Launch date: 8 May 1985 Re-entry: in orbit Launch site: Kourou Launch vehicle: Ariane 3


Communications satellite owned by GTE Spacenet and built by GE Astro Space using the AS3000 platform. The 741 kg satellite was fitted with sixteen transponders in the Ku band.

1985 035B (15678) Name: Telecom 1-B Country: France Launch date: 8 May 1985 Re-entry: in orbit Launch site: Kourou Launch vehicle: Ariane 3

Orbit: geostationary at 5°W Communications satellite as described for 1984 081B.

1985 036A (15694) Name: Kosmos-1649 Country: USSR Launch date: 15 May 1985 Re-entry: 29 May 1985 Launch site: Plesetsk Launch vehicle: Soyuz U


1985 037A (15697) Name: Kosmos-1650 Country: USSR Launch date: 17 May 1985 Re-entry: in orbit Launch site: Baikonour Launch vehicle: Proton K/DM-2

Orbit: 19106 x 19148 km, inclination: 64.8° Glonass navigational satellite as described for 1982 100A.

1985 037B (15698) Name: Kosmos-1651 Country: USSR Launch date: 17 May 1985 Re-entry: in orbit Launch site: Baikonour Launch vehicle: Proton K/DM-2


1985 037C (15699) Name: Kosmos-1652 Country: USSR Launch date: 17 May 1985 Re-entry: in orbit Launch site: Baikonour Launch vehicle: Proton K/DM-2


1985 038A (15732) Name: Kosmos-1653 Country: USSR Launch date: 22 May 1985 Re-entry: 5 June 1985 Launch site: Plesetsk Launch vehicle: Soyuz U

Orbit: 209 x 294 km, inclination: 82.3° Resurs F Earth resources satellite as described for 1979 080A.

1985 039A (15734) Name: Kosmos-1654 Country: USSR Launch date: 23 May 1985 Re-entry: 7 August 1985 Launch site: Baikonour Launch vehicle: Soyuz U


1985 040A (15738) Name: Molniya 3-24 Country: USSR Launch date: 29 May 1985 Re-entry: in orbit Launch site: Plesetsk Launch vehicle: Molniya M


1985 041A (15751) Name: Kosmos-1655 Country: USSR Launch date: 30 May 1985 Re-entry: in orbit Launch site: Plesetsk Launch vehicle: Kosmos 3M

Orbit: 979 x 1016 km, inclination: 83.0° Tsikada civilian navigational satellite as described for 1976 122A.

1985 042A (15755) Name: Kosmos-1656 Country: USSR Launch date: 30 May 1985 Re-entry: in orbit Launch site: Baikonour Launch vehicle: Proton K/DM-2

Orbit: 807 x 861 km, inclination: 71.1° Tselina 2 military electronic intelligence gathering satellite as described for 1984 106A. The satellite failed to achieve the desired orbit.

1985 043A (15804) Name: Soyuz T-13 Country: USSR Launch date: 6 June 1985 Re-entry: 26 September 1985 Launch site: Baikonour Launch vehicle: Soyuz U2

Orbit: 298 x 334 km, inclination: 51.6° Crewed spaceflight with cosmonauts V. Dzhanibekov (Cmdr.) and V. Savinykh (Fl. Eng.) using a Soyuz T spacecraft as described for 1979 103A. Their call sign was Pamir. Originally, for the next occupation period of the Salyut-7 space station (1982 033A) a crew consisting of A. Viktorenko, A. Alexandrov and Y. Salei had been selected with a back-up crew consisting of A. Solovyov, A. Serebrov and N. Moskalenko. However, the deteriorating status of the space station made it essential to change the crew to Dzhanibekov and Savinykh with a back-up crew consisting of L. Popov and A. Alexandrov. Soyuz T-13 docked with the front port of Salyut-7 on 8 June 1985. To restore power the crew by-passed the control relays to charge the remaining batteries and then installed a new switching unit. This gradually built up the temperature and restored the environmental conditions on board of the space station. Meanwhile, on 2 August 1985 the crew performed an EVA of 5 hours, 0 minutes to place the Comet package on the exterior of the space station and to install the additional solar array. They also tested the new spacesuits. Grechko, of Soyuz T-14 (1985 081A), returned to Earth in Soyuz T-13, along with Dzhanibekov. Dzhanibekov's time in space had been 117 days, 3 hours, 12 minutes. They undocked on 25 September 1985 and landed 220 km north east of Dzhezkazgan. Savinykh remained on board of Salyut-7 along with Soyuz T-14 crew members Vasyutin and Volkov and returned in Soyuz T-14 on 21 November 1985 and landed 180 km south east of Dzhezkazgan. Savinykh had spent 173 days, 2 hours, 51 minutes in space.

1985 044A (15806) Name: Kosmos-1657 Country: USSR Launch date: 7 June 1985 Re-entry: 21 June 1985 Launch site: Plesetsk Launch vehicle: Soyuz U


1985 045A (15808) Name: Kosmos-1658 Country: USSR Launch date: 11 June 1985 Re-entry: 12 November 2005 Launch site: Plesetsk Launch vehicle: Molniya M

Orbit: 584 x 39476 km, inclination: 62.9° Oko military early warning satellite as described for 1972 072A.

1985 046A (15818) Name: Kosmos-1659 Country: USSR Launch date: 13 June 1985 Re-entry: 27 June 1985 Launch site: Plesetsk Launch vehicle: Soyuz U


1985 047A (15821) Name: Kosmos-1660 Country: USSR Launch date: 14 June 1985 Re-entry: in orbit Launch site: Plesetsk Launch vehicle: Tsyklon 3

Orbit: 1482 x 1526 km, inclination: 73.6° Musson geodetic satellite as described for 1981 098A.

1985 048A (15823) Name: STS-51G Country: USA Launch date: 17 June 1985 Re-entry: 24 June 1985 Launch site: Cape Canaveral Launch vehicle: STS


Crewed spaceflight with astronauts D. Brandenstein (Cmdr.), J. Creighton (Pilot), S. Lucid, J. Fabian and S. Nagel (all Mission Specialists), P. Baudry (France) and A. Al Saud (S. Arabia) (both Payload Specialists) using the orbiter Discovery as described for 1981 034A. In addition to the four satellites that were to be launched, the orbiter carried the following experiments: 1. the Automated Directional Solidification Furnace (ADSF) to demonstrate directional solidification of

magnetic materials, immiscibles and infrared detection materials; 2. the French Echocardiograph Experiment (FEE); 3. the French Postural Experiment (FPE); 4. the High Precision Tracking Experiment (HPTE), also known as S84-4, SDIO-501 and QRSP-009,

which reflected a laser beam directed at the orbiter when over Hawaii; 5. the Arabsat Scientific experiments, consisting of an Ionised Gas Experiment, Earth Observations

through photography of Saudi Arabia) and a Phase Separation Experiment comprising oil and water mixed in plexiglas;

6. seven Developmental Test Objective (DTO) experiment as described for STS-1 (1981 034A), including:

• DTO-325: Waste and Supply Water Dumps;

• DTO-909: Orbital Experiment Digital Autopilot Performance; 7. four Detailed Supplementary Objective (DSO) experiment as described for STS-1 (1981 034A),

including:

• DSO-455: Clinical Characterization of SMS; 8. seven Getaway specials as described for STS-3 (1982 022A):

• G025: liquid sloshing behaviour in microgravity;

• G028: fundamental studies in manganese and bismuth;

• G034: twelve Texas student experiments designed to study the growth of lettuce seeds, barley seed germination, growth of brine shrimps, germination of turnip seeds, planaria regeneration, the effectiveness of antibiotics on bacteria, wicking of fuels, growth of soil mold, crystallisation in zero-gravity and symbiotic growth of chlorella and kefir in microgravity;

• G314: Space Ultraviolet Radiation Experiment (SURE) as described for STS-7 (1983 059A);

• G007: four experiments concerning crystal growth, solidification of metals, radish seed propagation and radio transmissions;

• G027: slip-casting in microgravity; and

• G471: Capillary Pump Loop experiment as described for STS-51D (1985 028A). Morelos-1 (1985 048B) was deployed on 17 June 1985, Arabsat-1B (1985 048C) on 18 June 1985, Telstar 3-D (1985 048D) on 19 June 1985 and Spartan-1 (1985 048E) on 20 June 1985. The latter was retrieved again on 22 June 1985. The orbiter landed at Edwards AFB after a flight of 7 days, 1 hour, 39 minutes.

1985 048B (15824) Name: Morelos-1 Country: Mexico Launch date: 17 June 1985 Re-entry: in orbit Launch site: Cape Canaveral Launch vehicle: STS + PAM-D


Communications satellite built by Hughes using the HS-376 platform and owned by Mexico. The satellite, which had a mass of 512 kg, carried eighteen transponders in the C band and four transponders in the Ku band. The satellite was later renamed as Satmex-1.

1985 048C (15825) Name: Arabsat-1B Int. Agency: Arabsat Launch date: 18 June 1985 Re-entry: in orbit Launch site: Cape Canaveral Launch vehicle: STS + PAM-D


1985 048D (15826) Name: Telstar 3-D Country: USA Launch date: 19 June 1985 Re-entry: in orbit Launch site: Cape Canaveral Launch vehicle: STS + PAM-D


Communications satellite as described for 1985 015A. The satellite was later positioned at 125°W.

1985 048E (15831) Name: Spartan-1 Country: USA Launch date: 20 June 1985 Re-entry: 22 June 1985 Launch site: Cape Canaveral Launch vehicle: STS + RMS


The Shuttle Pointed Autonomous Research Tool of Astronomy (Spartan) programme comprised a series of small satellittes which were deployed and recovered on a single Space Shuttle flight. Spartan-1 performed resolution mapping of X-ray emissions from extended sources and regions, in particular the constellation Perseus and the galactic centre of Sco-X-2. The satellite was released from STS-51G (1985 048A) with the Remote Manipulator System and was two days later recovered and placed back in the shuttle payload bay.

1985 049A (15827) Name: Kosmos-1661 Country: USSR Launch date: 18 June 1985 Re-entry: in orbit Launch site: Plesetsk Launch vehicle: Molniya M


1985 050A (15833) Name: Kosmos-1662 Country: USSR Launch date: 19 June 1985 Re-entry: 16 November 1989 Launch site: Plesetsk Launch vehicle: Kosmos 3M

Orbit: 476 x 513 km, inclination: 65.8° Taifun 2 minor military satellite as described for 1976 037A. The satellite released 27 Romb sub-satellites.

1985 051A (15838) Name: Progress-24 Country: USSR Launch date: 21 June 1985 Re-entry: 15 July 1985 Launch site: Baikonour Launch vehicle: Soyuz U

Orbit: 209 x 409 km, inclination: 51.6° Cargo transfer spacecraft as described for 1978 008A. The Progress-24 flight carried two additional solar arrays as well as new spacesuits and a new water heater. The spacecraft docked with the rear port of the Salyut-7 space station (1982 033A) on 23 June 1985 and remained attached until 15 July 1985.

1985 052A (15840) Name: Kosmos-1663 Country: USSR Launch date: 21 June 1985 Re-entry: 5 July 1985 Launch site: Plesetsk Launch vehicle: Soyuz U


1985 053A (15842) Name: --- Country: USSR Launch date: 21 June 1985 Re-entry: 28 June 1985 Launch site: Baikonour Launch vehicle: Zenit 2


A test test flight of the Zenit 2 launch vehicle which carried an EPN 03.0694 mock-up of a Tselina 2 spacecraft, as described for 1984 106A. The mock-up was fitted with acoustic sensors and vibration accelerometers. Three pieces of debris were observed which accompanied the main body which may have been the second stage of the launch vehicle.

1985 054A (15860) Name: Kosmos-1664 Country: USSR Launch date: 26 June 1985 Re-entry: 5 July 1985 Launch site: Plesetsk Launch vehicle: Soyuz U


1985 055A (15873) Name: Intelsat 5-F11 Int. Agency: Intelsat Launch date: 30 June 1985 Re-entry: in orbit Launch site: Cape Canaveral Launch vehicle: Atlas Centaur D1AR


Communications satellite as described for 1980 098A. Intelsat 5-F11 was later positioned at 63°E, 177°E and

180°E.

1985 056A (15875) Name: Giotto Int. Agency: ESA Launch date: 2 July 1985 Re-entry: in orbit Launch site: Kourou Launch vehicle: Ariane 1


The Giotto spacecraft made the most ambitious crossing of the path of Comet Halley. The experiments on board of the 512 kg spacecraft consisted of: 1. a camera to obtain four-colour images of the nucleus of the comet with a resolution of 10 m at a

distance of 500 km; 2. two spectrometers to measure the composition, energy and angular distribution of ions in the coma; 3. a neutral mass spectrometer to measure elemental and isotopic composition, abundance and energy

distribution of neutral gases in the coma; 4. a dust impact mass spectrometer and detector which measured the chemical and physical properties

of dust particles; 5. a photo polarimeter to measure changes in density of emissive gases and dust and optical properties

of dust particles; 6. a two-sensor fluxgate magnetometer to measure interplanetary and induced cometary magnetic fields

before and during encounter; 7. three identical small telescopes to study energetic charged particles produced at the bow-shock and

in the tail; 8. a positive ion cluster analyser to measure high-mass positive ions in the inner coma; 9. an electron electrostatic analyser to measure the distribution of superthermal electrons; 10. a fast ion sensor to measure positive ions resulting from the comet's interaction with the solar wind;

and an implanted ion sensor to measure cometary ions implanted in the solar wind. On 13 March 1986 Giotto streaked at a distance of 596 km past the nucleus of Comet Halley. Although the spacecraft was equipped with a shield to protect it against dust impacts, it was temporarily knocked out of commission by the heavy bombardment of dust particles which eventually coated the spacecraft with 26 kg of dust. Fortunately the problems were corrected and the spacecraft returned some 2000 images of the comet. The observations established that the nucleus was potato-shaped, 16 km long and 8 km wide. It was generally smooth but was marked by a 400 to 500 m high 'mountain' and a shallow 1600 m diameter 'crater'. The comet appeared uniformly gray with little light being reflected by the surface. At the time of the encounter, dust was released at a rate of 6000 kg per second. The dust particles were found to be of three different types. The first

type contained carbon, oxygen, sodium, magnesium, silicon, calcium and iron, the second type was similar to the first but with higher concentrations of carbon as well as nitrogen and sulphur, whilst the third type contained only the organic molecules consisting of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen. Gases in the coma were found to consist for 84% of water. Following the encounter it was determined from telemetry data that the spacecraft had survived the encounter better than had been expected and the spacecraft was placed in a hibernation mode. In the mean time studies were being conducted for the possibility of a Giotto Extended Mission programme and the new target was Comet Grigg-Skellerup in 1992. In early 1990 the spacecraft was reactivated and it was found that the multi-colour camera was no longer operable whilst other instruments had suffered no or only limited damage. On 2 July 1990 the spacecraft used the Earth gravity to boost it into an orbit which would ensure an encounter with Comet Grigg-Skellerup. Giotto passed the Earth at a distance of 22,731 km. The encounter took place on 10 July 1992 at a distance of 200 km. During the encounter eight experiments operated fully or partially. The camera system, the neutral mass spectrometer and the particle impact analyser were out of action and consequently no images were obtained.

1985 057A (15877) Name: Kosmos-1665 Country: USSR Launch date: 3 July 1985 Re-entry: 17 July 1985 Launch site: Plesetsk Launch vehicle: Soyuz U


1985 058A (15889) Name: Kosmos-1666 Country: USSR Launch date: 8 July 1985 Re-entry: in orbit Launch site: Plesetsk Launch vehicle: Tsyklon 3


1985 059A (15891) Name: Kosmos-1667 Country: USSR Launch date: 10 July 1985 Re-entry: 17 July 1985 Launch site: Plesetsk Launch vehicle: Soyuz U

Orbit: 211 x 269 km, inclination: 82.4° Biological satellite as described for 1973 083A which carried two macaca monkeys (named Gordy and Verny), ten rats, ten newts each with one foot and one eye lens removed, 1500 flies and iris flowers. The monkeys survived the flight as well as the landing whilst the newts began tissue regeneration in a normal manner and as quickly as a similar control group kept on Earth.

1985 060A (15906) Name: Kosmos-1668 Country: USSR Launch date: 15 July 1985 Re-entry: 29 July 1985 Launch site: Baikonour Launch vehicle: Soyuz U


1985 061A (15909) Name: Molniya 3-25 Country: USSR Launch date: 17 July 1985 Re-entry: in orbit Launch site: Plesetsk Launch vehicle: Molniya M


1985 062A (15918) Name: Kosmos-1669 Country: USSR Launch date: 19 July 1985 Re-entry: 30 August 1985 Launch site: Baikonour Launch vehicle: Soyuz U

Orbit: 300 x 355 km, inclination: 51.7° The Kosmos-1669 spacecraft, which originally was thought to be a failed Progress spacecraft as described for 1978 008A, was eventually identified as a test of the Soyuz TM spacecraft as described for 1986 035A. It docked with the rear port of Salyut-7 (1982 033A) on 21 July 1985. Undocking took place on 29 August 1985.

1985 063A (15925) Name: STS-51F Country: USA Launch date: 29 July 1985 Re-entry: 6 August 1985 Launch site: Cape Canaveral Launch vehicle: STS


Spacelab-2

Crewed spaceflight with astronauts G. Fullerton (Cmdr.), R. Bridges (Pilot), S. Musgrave, A. England, K. Henize (all Mission Specialists), L. Acton and J. Bartoe (both Payload Specialists) using the orbiter Challenger as described for 1981 034A. The principal objective of the flight was to fly the Spacelab-2 facility consisting of three pallets (F003, F004 and F005) as described for 1983 116A. The experiments, which were in the field of solar physics, astrophysics, plasma physics, astronomy, materials processing and life sciences, consisted of: 1. the Solar Magnetic and Velocity Field Measurements System and Solar Optical Universal Polarimeter

to measure magnetic and velocity fields in the solar atmosphere with high spatial resolution and deduce the small-scale structure and evolution of these fields on the 10- to 20-min time scale of solar granulatio;

2. the Coronal Helium Abundance Spacelab Experiment (CHASE) to determine the relative abundance of helium to hydrogen in the solar corona from the measurement of the photoexcitation of hydrogen Lyman alpha;

3. the Solar Ultraviolet High Resolution Telescope and Spectrograph (HRTS) to study the energy transport and mass balance of the temperature minimum, chromosphere, transition zone and corona in the quiet sun as well as in plages, flares, and sunspots as well as the examination of the velocity field of the lower corona to study the origin of the solar wind;

4. the Solar Ultraviolet Spectral Irradiance Monitor (SUSIM) as described for STS-3 (1982 022A); 5. the Aerodynamic Coefficient Identification Package (ACIP)-14 as described for STS-1 (1981 034A); 6. the High Resolution Accelerometer Package (HiRAP)-8 as described for STS-6 (1983 026A); 7. the Vertical Charging and Potential Experiment (VCPE) as described for STS-3 (1982 022A); 8. the Plasma Depletion Experiments for Ionospheric and Radio Astronomical Studies to study the

ionospheric depletion and related effects caused by Shuttle thruster firings in mid-latitudes and to use the ionospheric depletion region to conduct ground-based, high-resolution, radio astronomical studies;

9. the Elemental Composition and Energy Spectrum of Cosmic Rays (CNRE) to make a precise determination of the charge composition and individual energy spectra of cosmic ray nuclei from lithium to iron, covering the energy range from 50 to 2000 GeV/nucleon;

10. the Hard X-Ray Imaging of Clusters of Galaxies and other X-ray sources to examine the X-ray emission from clusters of galaxies in order to study the mechanisms involved in their emission and the possible presence of an intergalactic gas;

11. the Small Helium Cooled Infrared Telescope to map extended low-surface brightness infrared emission from the galaxy and measure diffuse emission from intergalactic material and/or galaxies and quasars and zodiacal dust emissions;

12. the Properties of Superfluid Helium in Zero-Gravity experiment (SFHe) to determine the fluid and thermal properties required for the design of planned space experiments using superfluid helium as a cryogen and to advance scientific understanding of the interactions between superfluid and normal liquid helium;

13. the Vitamin D Metabolites and Bone Demineralisation experiment to measure the blood levels of biologically active Vitamin D metabolites of crew members to establish whether derangements of mineral metabolism reflect themselves in any way in a modulation of Vitamin D metabolism to its various metabolites;

14. the Interaction of Oxygen and Gravity Influenced Lignification to establish the effect of oxygen on lignin formation in plant tissue subjected to a weightless environment and to measure the relative amount of aromatic biosynthesis under different oxygen environments;

15. the Plant Growth Unit (PGU) as described for STS-3 (1982 022A); 16. the Protein Crystal Growth (PCG)-2 experiment as described for STS-51D (1985 028A); 17. several Detailed Supplementary Objective (DSO) experiments as described for STS-1 (1981 034A),

including:

• DTO-234: Entry Aerodynamic Test;

• DTO-301D: Ascent Structural Capability Evaluation;

• DTO-303: Reinforced Carbon-to-carbon Life Evaluation;

• DTO-307D: Entry Structural Capability;

• DTO-308D: Vibration and Acoustic Evaluation;

• DTO-311: Pogo Stability Performance;

• DTO-312: ET TPS Performance;

• DTO-319D: Orbiter/Payload Low Frequency Environment;

• DTO-320: Elevon Trailing Edge Heating Evaluation;

• DTO-758: Payload/FCS Dynamics Measurements;

• DTO-780: TACAN On-orbit Navigation; 18. several Detailed Supplementary Objective (DSO) experiments as described for STS-1 (1981 034A),

including:

• DSO-203: Biomagnistat: The Effects of Electromagnetic Fields on Cells;


• DSO-453: Combined Blood Investigations;




19. the Plant Carry-on Container (PCOC), a student experiment to investigate the relationship between soil moisture and plant growth as well as the effect of zero gravity on plant growth; and

20. the Shuttle Amateur Radio Experiment (SAREX)-2 in which an astronaut established contact with radio amateurs using the 144 MHz frequency.

In addition the flight released the PDP-2 (1985 063B) payload on 1 August 1985 which was retrieved again on 2 August 1985. The crew also tested carbonated drinks such as Pepsi Cola and Coca Cola (both of which they disliked) in a zero-gravity environment. Engine problems at launch resulted into an "abort-to-orbit" situation using only two engines and achieving a lower orbit than was intended. This initial orbit of 201 x 265 km was later corrected by the use of the Orbital Maneuvering System.

The mission was extended by one day and eventually the orbiter landed at Edwards AFB after a flight of 7 days, 22 hours, 46 minutes.

1985 063B (15929) Name: PDP-2 Country: USA Launch date: 1 August 1985 Re-entry: 2 August 1985 Launch site: Cape Canaveral Launch vehicle: STS + RMS


The STS-51F (1985 063A) flight released on 1 August 1985 the Plasma Diagnostic Package (PDP)-2 to study the interaction between the Space Shuttle and the ionospheric plasma. Instruments included a low-energy proton and electron differential analyser, plasma wave analysers, ion mass spectrometer and a Langmuir probe. The satellite flew for a period of eight hours separate from the Space Shuttle before it was retrieved again with the Remote Manipulator System. PDP-1 was a payload which was carried inside the payload bay of the STS-3 (1982 022A) mission.

1985 064A (15930) Name: Kosmos-1670 Country: USSR Launch date: 1 August 1985 Re-entry: in orbit Launch site: Baikonour Launch vehicle: Tsyklon 2

Orbit: 252 x 263 km, inclination: 65.0° US-A military ocean surveillance satellite fitted with radar equipment as described for 1967 127A. The satellite

was boosted into an orbit of 898 x 989 km with an inclination of 64.7° on 22 October 1985.

1985 065A (15931) Name: Kosmos-1671 Country: USSR Launch date: 2 August 1985 Re-entry: 16 August 1985 Launch site: Plesetsk Launch vehicle: Soyuz U


1985 066A (15935) Name: NNSS-30240 Country: USA Launch date: 3 August 1985 Re-entry: in orbit Launch site: Vandenberg Launch vehicle: Scout G-1

Orbit: 1005 x 1263 km, inclination: 89.8° Military navigational satellite as described for 1964 063B.

1985 066B (15936) Name: NNSS-30300 Country: USA Launch date: 3 August 1985 Re-entry: in orbit Launch site: Vandenberg Launch vehicle: Scout G-1

Orbit: 1005 x 1262 km, inclination: 89.8° Military navigational satellite as described for 1964 063B.

1985 067A (15940) Name: Kosmos-1672 Country: USSR Launch date: 7 August 1985 Re-entry: 21 August 1985 Launch site: Plesetsk Launch vehicle: Soyuz U


1985 068A (15942) Name: Kosmos-1673 Country: USSR Launch date: 8 August 1985 Re-entry: 19 September 1985 Launch site: Baikonour Launch vehicle: Soyuz U

Orbit: 198 x 271 km, inclination: 64.8° Siluet mapping satellite as described for 1981 015A.

1985 069A (15944) Name: Kosmos-1674 Country: USSR Launch date: 8 August 1985 Re-entry: in orbit Launch site: Plesetsk Launch vehicle: Tsyklon 3


1985 070A (15946) Name: Raduga-16 Country: USSR Launch date: 8 August 1985 Re-entry: in orbit Launch site: Baikonour Launch vehicle: Proton K/DM


Communications satellite as described for 1975 123A. The satellite was later moved to 170°W and was taken out of geostationary orbit on 25 June 1987.

1985 071A (15952) Name: Kosmos-1675 Country: USSR Launch date: 12 August 1985 Re-entry: in orbit Launch site: Plesetsk Launch vehicle: Molniya M


1985 072A (15959) Name: Kosmos-1676 Country: USSR Launch date: 16 August 1985 Re-entry: 14 October 1985 Launch site: Plesetsk Launch vehicle: Soyuz U


1985 073A (15967) Name: Suisei Country: Japan Launch date: 18 August 1985 Re-entry: in orbit Launch site: Kagoshima Launch vehicle: Mu 3S-2


Also known as Planet-A, this 141 kg spacecraft encountered Comet Halley at a distance of 152,400 km on 8 March 1986. It carried an ultraviolet telescope to measure the abundance and distribution of hydrogen in the comet's coma as well as a solar wind experiment to measure the energy and direction of electrons and ions.

1985 074A (15977) Name: Molniya 1-64 Country: USSR Launch date: 22 August 1985 Re-entry: 22 March 2000 Launch site: Plesetsk Launch vehicle: Molniya M


1985 075A (15986) Name: Kosmos-1677 Country: USSR Launch date: 23 August 1985 Re-entry: in orbit Launch site: Baikonour Launch vehicle: Tsyklon 2

Orbit: 251 x 263 km, inclination: 65.0° US-A military ocean surveillance satellite fitted with radar equipment as described for 1967 127A. The satellite

was boosted into an orbit of 917 x 987 km with an inclination of 64.9° on 23 October 1985.

1985 076A (15992) Name: STS-51I Country: USA Launch date: 27 August 1985 Re-entry: 3 September 1985 Launch site: Cape Canaveral Launch vehicle: STS


Syncom IV-3 retrieval

Crewed spaceflight with astronauts J. Engle (Cmdr.), R. Covey (Pilot), J. Van Hoften, J. Lounge and W. Fisher (all Mission Specialists) using the orbiter Discovery as described for 1981 034A. The primary objective of the mission was to place the Aussat-1 (1985 076B), ASC-1 (1985 076C) and Syncom IV-4 (1985 076D) communications satellites in orbit, as well as to recover Syncom IV-3 (1985 028C), repair this satellite and release it again. In addition the orbiter carried: 1. Physical Vapor Transportation of Organic Solids (PVTOS) experiment was carried to grow organic

crystals on selected sub-stratas of organic solids; 2. several Developmental Test Objective (DTO) experiments as described for STS-1 (1981 034A),

including:

• DTO-235: Entry Aerodynamic Test;


• DTO-307D: Entry Structural Capability Evaluation;

• DTO-325: Waste and Water Supply Dumps;

• DTO-327: Waste Control System Airflow Measurements;

• DTO-624: Radiator Performance;

• DTO-780: TACAN On-orbit Navigation; 3. several Detailed Supplementary Objective (DSO) experiments as described for STS-1 (1981 034A),

including:

• DSO-455: Clinical Characterization of SMS; and

• DSO-458: In-flight Pharmacokinetics of Acetaminophen in Saliva. Both the Aussat-1 and ASC-1 were deployed on 27 August 1985. Aussat-1 was deployed a day earlier than scheduled as the sunshield door of the satellite could not be closed and could have jeopardised the functioning of the satellite. On 29 August 1985 Syncom IV-4 was deployed. On 31 August 1985 Syncom IV-3 was successfully retrieved and Fisher and van Hoften conducted an EVA of 7 hours, 8 minutes to repair the satellite. The next day they conducted a further EVA of 4 hours, 20 minutes during which the satellite was released again and placed in its desired orbit.

The mission landed at Edwards AFB after a flight of 7 days, 2 hours, 17 minutes.

1985 076B (15993) Name: Aussat-1 Country: Australia. Launch date: 27 August 1985 Re-entry: in orbit Launch site: Cape Canaveral Launch vehicle: STS + PAM-D


Australia's domestic satellite communications system was established after a lengthy study by the Government. The purpose of the system was to bring modern communications facilities to the remote areas of Australia, in addition to expanding existing radio and television coverage. The satellites, which were built by Hughes using the HS-376 platform, were equipped with fifteen transponders which operated in the Ku band. The 655 kg satellites were spin-stabilised and were owned by the Aussat company. In 1992 the system was sold to Optus and the satellites were renamed as Optus. In August 1993 the satellite was taken out of geostationary orbit.

1985 076C (15994) Name: ASC-1 Country: USA Launch date: 27 August 1985 Re-entry: in orbit Launch site: Cape Canaveral Launch vehicle: STS + PAM-D


Communications satellite built by RCA Astro Electronics using the AS3000 platform and owned by the American Satellite Corporation. The 1271 kg satellite was equipped with 18 transponders operating in the C band and 7 transponders operating in the Ku band. It provided communications facilities to business and government.

ASC-1 was later shifted to 128°W.

--- Name: --- Country: USA Launch date: 28 August 1985 Re-entry: n.a. Launch site: Vandenberg Launch vehicle: Titan 34D Orbit: failed to orbit. KH-11 military reconnaissance as described for 1976 125A. Also known as Ops-1257, the satellite failed to orbit as one of the first stage motors shut down pre-maturely.

1985 076D (15995) Name: Syncom IV-4 Country: USA Launch date: 29 August 1985 Re-entry: in orbit Launch site: Cape Canaveral Launch vehicle: STS + PKM

Orbit: 35777 x 35821 km, inclination: 3.5° Military communications satellite as described for 1984 093C. Als known as Leasat-4, the satellite was to be

positioned at 178°E but was left in an intermediate orbit to allow the propellant to thaw. Eventually the satellite was abandoned in September 1985 when it became evident that the communication systems did not operate.

1985 077A (15997) Name: Kosmos-1678 Country: USSR Launch date: 29 August 1985 Re-entry: 12 September 1985 Launch site: Plesetsk Launch vehicle: Soyuz U


1985 078A (15999) Name: Kosmos-1679 Country: USSR Launch date: 29 August 1985 Re-entry: 18 October 1985 Launch site: Baikonour Launch vehicle: Soyuz U


1985 079A (16011) Name: Kosmos-1680 Country: USSR Launch date: 4 September 1985 Re-entry: in orbit Launch site: Plesetsk Launch vehicle: Kosmos 3M


1985 080A (16018) Name: Kosmos-1681 Country: USSR Launch date: 6 September 1985 Re-entry: 19 September 1985 Launch site: Plesetsk Launch vehicle: Soyuz U

Orbit: 209 x 229 km, inclination: 82.3° Zenit 4MKT military reconnaissance satellite as described for 1975 090A.

--- Name: Spacenet-3 Country: USA Launch date: 12 September 1985 Re-entry: n.a. Launch site: Kourou Launch vehicle: Ariane 3 Orbit: failed to orbit Communications satellite as described for 1984 049A. The launch vehicle's third stage failed.

--- Name: Eutelsat-3 Int. Agency: Eutelsat Launch date: 12 September 1985 Re-entry: n.a. Launch site: Kourou Launch vehicle: Ariane 3 Orbit: failed to orbit Communications satellite as described for 1983 058A. The launch vehicle's third stage failed.

1985 081A (16051) Name: Soyuz T-14 Country: USSR Launch date: 17 September 1985 Re-entry: 21 November 1985 Launch site: Baikonour Launch vehicle: Soyuz U2

Orbit: 272 x 326 km, inclination: 51.6° It is believed a further flight to the Salyut-7 (1982 033A) space station had been planned with an all female crew consisting of S. Savitskaya (Cmdr.), Y. Ivanova and Y. Dobrokvashina. This flight, for which the back-up crew had been A. Viktorenko, G. Strekalov and Y. Salei as well as V. Solovyov, A. Serebrov and N. Moskalenko, was dropped from the programme because of the space station's repair requirements. Instead Soyuz T-14 was crewed by V. Vasyutin (Cmdr.), G. Grechko (Fl. Eng) and A. Volkov (Fl. Eng.) using a Soyuz T spacecraft as described for 1979 103A. Their call sign was Cheget and the back-up crews remained the same except for V. Solovyov, who was replaced by A. Solovyov. The spacecraft docked with the rear port of Salyut-7 on 18 September 1985. It brought new equipment including Skif, to photograph layers of the atmosphere, and EFU-Robot, an electrophoresis experiment. Grechko returned to Earth in Soyuz T-13 (1985 043A). His flight had lasted 8 days, 2 hours, 13 minutes. Vasyutin and Volkov remained on the space station as part of the permanent crew of the space station, along with Savinykh, who had arrived on Soyuz T-13. The Soyuz T-14 spacecraft was not moved to the front port. Late October 1985 Vasyutin fell ill and although it was stated that he had appendicitis, it has also been suggested that the problems were more of a mental nature as Savinykh took over command of the space station. Nevertheless. his condition deteriorated and it was finally decided to abort the mission. The three crew members undocked from the space station on 21 November 1985 and landed on the same day 180 km south east of Dzhezkazgan.Savinykh had spent 173 days, 2 hours, 51 minutes in space whilst Vasyutin and Volkov had clocked up 64 days, 21 hours, 52 minutes. It is difficult to speculate what would have happened had Vasyutin not taken ill. It is likely that the mission would have lasted beyond January 1986 and that a beam was to be erected by the crew members.

1985 082A (16054) Name: Kosmos-1682 Country: USSR Launch date: 19 September 1985 Re-entry: 17 May 1988 Launch site: Baikonour Launch vehicle: Tsyklon 2

Orbit: 429 x 443 km, inclination: 65.0° US-P military ocean surveillance satellite fitted with electronic equipment as described for 1974 103A.

1985 083A (16056) Name: Kosmos-1683 Country: USSR Launch date: 19 September 1985 Re-entry: 4 October 1985 Launch site: Plesetsk Launch vehicle: Soyuz U


1985 084A (16064) Name: Kosmos-1684 Country: USSR Launch date: 24 September 1985 Re-entry: in orbit Launch site: Plesetsk Launch vehicle: Molniya M


1985 085A (16088) Name: Kosmos-1685 Country: USSR Launch date: 27 September 1985 Re-entry: 10 October 1985 Launch site: Plesetsk Launch vehicle: Soyuz U


1985 086A (16095) Name: Kosmos-1686 Country: USSR Launch date: 27 September 1985 Re-entry: 7 February 1991 Launch site: Baikonour Launch vehicle: Proton K


Kosmos-1686 was a TKS module as described for 1977 066A and was fitted with scientific equipment and a telescope and also some instruments for the forthcoming Mir space station (1986 017A), but did not carry a re-entry capsule. It docked with the front port of Salyut-7 (1982 033A) on 2 October 1985. The spacecraft was originally intended for the crewed TKS-3 flight to the OPS-4 space station that was cancelled. Kosmos-1686 carried an extensive set of instruments for military tests and served as a prototype for future space station modules. Kosmos-1686 may have had a docking port but, if so, the docking port was never tested as the next Soyuz T flight, which was to carry A. Viktorenko, A. Alexandrov and Y. Salei was cancelled. Kosmos-1686 remained attached to Salyut-7 and re-entered the atmosphere along with the space station.

1985 087A (16101) Name: Intelsat 5-F12 Int. Agency: Intelsat Launch date: 28 September 1985 Re-entry: in orbit Launch site: Cape Canaveral Launch vehicle: Atlas Centaur D1AR


Communications satellite as described for 1980 098A. It was later repositioned to 61°E, 1°W and 21.5°E.

1985 088A (16103) Name: Kosmos-1687 Country: USSR Launch date: 30 September 1985 Re-entry: in orbit Launch site: Plesetsk Launch vehicle: Molniya M

Orbit: 606 x 39197 km, inclination: 63.0° Oko military early warning satellite as described for 1972 072A. It ceased operating after three months.

1985 089A (16107) Name: Kosmos-1688 Country: USSR Launch date: 2 October 1985 Re-entry: 2 July 1988 Launch site: Kapustin Yar Launch vehicle: Kosmos 3M

Orbit: 347 x 548 km, inclination: 50.7° Taifun 2 minor military satellite as described for 1976 037A. The satellite released 24 Romb sub-satellites.

1985 090A (16110) Name: Kosmos-1689 Country: USSR Launch date: 3 October 1985 Re-entry: 14 January 2001 Launch site: Baikonour Launch vehicle: Vostok

Orbit: 574 x 659 km, inclination: 98.0° Resurs O Earth resources satellite as described for 1983 075A.

1985 091A (16112) Name: Molniya 3-26 Country: USSR Launch date: 3 October 1985 Re-entry: 22 February 2001 Launch site: Plesetsk Launch vehicle: Molniya M


1985 092A (16115) Name: STS-51J Country: USA Launch date: 3 October 1985 Re-entry: 7 October 1985 Launch site: Cape Canaveral Launch vehicle: STS


Crewed spaceflight with astronauts K. Bobko (Cmdr.), R. Grabe (Pilot), D. Hilmers, R. Stewart (both Mission Specialists) and W. Pailes (Manned Spaceflight Engineer) using the orbiter Atlantis as described for 1981 034A. The purpose of this military mission, which lasted 4 days, 1 hour, 46 minutes, was to launch the DSCS III-2 (1982 092B) and DSCS III-3 (1985 092C) military communications satellites, which were deployed on the first day. Other payloads were: 1. the Air Force Maui Optical Station (AMOS)-1, also known as GL-503, an experiment to calibrate

ground based electro-optical sensors located in Maui, Hawaii by means of firing the orbiter's thrusters and dumping of water;

2. the Cloud Logic to Optimise Use of Defense Systems (CLOUDS) as described for STS-41D (1984 093A);

3. the Contrast Sensitivity Test (CST), also known as AMD-304, to measure changes in static contrast sensitivity during spaceflight;

4. the Measurement of Atmospheric Radiance Camera - Day/Night (MARC-DN), also known as QRSP-005 and AFGL-407, a payload bay mounted television camera to record images of celestial, Earth limb and ground targets under varying angles of illumination;

5. the Oceans experiment as described for STS-51C (1985 010A); 6. the Radiation Monitoring Equipment (RME) as described for STS-6 (1983 026A); 7. the Biostack mid-deck experiment to assess the damage to biological specimens by high-energy

cosmic rays; 8. the Reaction Time Perception Analyser (RTPA), also known as AMD-302, an experiment to quantify

the reaction time and time perception during Space Shuttle operations and understand the influence of space motion sickness symptoms;

9. several Developmental Test Objective (DTO) experiments as described for STS-1 (1981 034A), including:

• DTO-411: MPS Vacuum Dump Test; 10. several Detailed Supplementary Objective (DSO) experiments as described for STS-1 (1981 034A),

including:


• DSO-451: Eye-Hand Coordination During SMS;

• DSO-461: Leg Plethysmography; 11. the Visual Function Tester -II (VFT-II)-1, an improved version of the VFT I experiment as described

for STS-41D (1984 093A), also known as AMD-201, to test the visual aculty of observers; 12. the Window Contamination (WINCON) experiment to investigate the contamination that builds up on

the Shuttle windows and affects visibility; and 13. the Orbiter Experiment Autonomous Supporting Instrumentation System (OASIS) as described for

STS-51C (1985 010A). The orbiter landed at Edwards AFB.

1985 092B (16116) Name: DSCS III-2 Country: USA Launch date: 3 October 1985 Re-entry: in orbit Launch site: Cape Canaveral Launch vehicle: STS + IUS


Military communications satellite as described for 1982 106B. Also known as USA-11 and DSCS III-B4.

1985 092C (16117) Name: DSCS III-3 Country: USA Launch date: 3 October 1985 Re-entry: in orbit Launch site: Cape Canaveral Launch vehicle: STS + IUS

Orbit: geostationary at 180°E Military communications satellite as described for 1982 106B. Also known as USA-12 and DSCS III-B5.

1985 093A (16129) Name: Navstar-11 Country: USA Launch date: 9 October 1985 Re-entry: in orbit Launch site: Vandenberg Launch vehicle: Atlas E

Orbit: 19822 x 20541 km, inclination: 63.4° Navigational satellite as described for 1978 020A. Also known as USA-10 and SVN-11.

1985 094A (16138) Name: Kosmos-1690 Country: USSR Launch date: 9 October 1985 Re-entry: in orbit Launch site: Plesetsk Launch vehicle: Tsyklon 3

Orbit: 1382 x 1417 km, inclination: 82.6° Strela 3 military communications satellite as described for 1985 003A. Two of the satellites in the Kosmos-1690/1695 group were larger than the others.

1985 094B (16139) Name: Kosmos-1691 Country: USSR Launch date: 9 October 1985 Re-entry: in orbit Launch site: Plesetsk Launch vehicle: Tsyklon 3

Orbit: 1412 x 1417 km, inclination: 82.6° Strela 3 military communications satellite as described for 1985 003A. By 22 November 1985 Kosmos-1691 had 9 accompanying fragments, possibly indicating its failure.

1985 094C (16140) Name: Kosmos-1692 Country: USSR Launch date: 9 October 1985 Re-entry: in orbit Launch site: Plesetsk Launch vehicle: Tsyklon 3


1985 094D (16141) Name: Kosmos-1693 Country: USSR Launch date: 9 October 1985 Re-entry: in orbit Launch site: Plesetsk Launch vehicle: Tsyklon 3


1985 094E (16142) Name: Kosmos-1694 Country: USSR Launch date: 9 October 1985 Re-entry: in orbit Launch site: Plesetsk Launch vehicle: Tsyklon 3


1985 094F (16143) Name: Kosmos-1695 Country: USSR Launch date: 9 October 1985 Re-entry: in orbit Launch site: Plesetsk Launch vehicle: Tsyklon 3


1985 095A (16169) Name: Kosmos-1696 Country: USSR Launch date: 16 October 1985 Re-entry: 30 October 1985 Launch site: Baikonour Launch vehicle: Soyuz U


1985 096A (16177) Name: FSW 0-7 Country: China Launch date: 21 October 1985 Re-entry: 7 November 1985 Launch site: Jiuquan Launch vehicle: CZ 2C

Orbit: 171 x 386 km, inclination: 63.0° Recoverable satellite as described for 1975 111A. It was also known as Jian Bing 1-7. The re-entry capsule was recovered on 26 October 1985.

1985 097A (16181) Name: Kosmos-1697 Country: USSR Launch date: 22 October 1985 Re-entry: in orbit Launch site: Baikonour Launch vehicle: Zenit 2

Orbit: 849 x 854 km, inclination: 71.0° Tselina 2 military electronic intelligence gathering satellite as described for 1984 106A. In December 1985 the satellite had four accompanying objects in a higher orbit. Some references have suggested that the flight carried an EPN 03.0694 mock-up as described for 1985 053A.

1985 098A (16183) Name: Kosmos-1698 Country: USSR Launch date: 22 October 1985 Re-entry: in orbit Launch site: Plesetsk Launch vehicle: Molniya M


1985 099A (16187) Name: Molniya 1-65 Country: USSR Launch date: 23 October 1985 Re-entry: 13 February 1999 Launch site: Baikonour Launch vehicle: Molniya M


--- Name: --- Country: USSR Launch date: 23 October 1985 Re-entry: n.a. Launch site: Plesetsk Launch vehicle: Kosmos 3M Orbit: failed to orbit Parus military navigational satellite as described for 1974 105A which failed to orbit.

1985 100A (16191) Name: Meteor 3-1 Country: USSR Launch date: 24 October 1985 Re-entry: in orbit Launch site: Plesetsk Launch vehicle: Tsyklon 3


Meteor 3-1 was the first of a new series of meteorological satellites placed in polar orbits and with a typical mass of 2215 kg. The satellites were also known as article 17F45. The instrumentation consisted of: 1. the MR-900 scanning telephotometer for direct imaging with a 1 to 2 km resolution; 2. the MR-2000 scanning telephotometer for global coverage with a resolution of 0.7 to 1.4 km; 3. a scanning infrared radiometer with a resolution of 3 km; 4. a scanning infrared spectrometer with a resolution of 42 km; 5. a multi-channel ultraviolet spectrometer with a resolution of 3 to 5 km; 6. an infra-red atmospheric sounder to generate vertical temperature profiles; 7. the RMK-M instrument to measure the radiation caused by emitted protons and electrons; and 8. an automatic picture transmission instrument. The design of the spacecraft allowed the addition of incidental experimental payloads.

1985 101A (16198) Name: Kosmos-1699 Country: USSR Launch date: 25 October 1985 Re-entry: 23 December 1985 Launch site: Plesetsk Launch vehicle: Soyuz U


1985 102A (16199) Name: Kosmos-1700 Country: USSR Launch date: 25 October 1985 Re-entry: in orbit Launch site: Baikonour Launch vehicle: Proton K/DM-2


Kosmos-1700 was the first satellite in the Luch series of tracking and data relay satellites, also designated as Altair. Built by NPO Prikladnoi Mekhaniki as 11F669, the 2200 kg satellites carried three transponders

operating in the Ku band. Other orbital positions of the three satellite system were 16°W and 160°W.

1985 103A (16220) Name: Molniya 1-66 Country: USSR Launch date: 28 October 1985 Re-entry: 2 August 2002 Launch site: Plesetsk Launch vehicle: Molniya M


1985 104A (16230) Name: STS-61A Country: USA Launch date: 30 October 1985 Re-entry: 6 November 1985 Launch site: Cape Canaveral Launch vehicle: STS


Spacelab D-1

Crewed spaceflight with astronauts H. Hartsfield (Cmdr.), S. Nagel (Pilot), B. Dunbar, J. Buchli and G. Bluford (all Mission Specialists) and R. Fuerrer and E. Messerschmid (both German) and W. Ockels (a Dutch national employed by ESA) (all Payload Specialists) using the orbiter Challenger as described for 1981 034A. The principal objective was to fly the Spacelab D-1 mission, which was largely funded by Germany and used a long Spacelab module (LM2) as described for 1983 116A. In addition the mission launched the Glomr (1985 104B) satellite on 31 October 1985. Spacelab D-1 had originally been scheduled to fly as STS-51K. The Spacelab module carried 76 experiments of which the majority were of German origin. Their objective was to study the interaction between microgravity and the production of materials, as well as the effects of space on human biology. The experiments were: 1. the Werkstofflabor (WL), a group of materials sciencies facilities consisting of the Mirror Heating

Facility (MHF), the Isothermal Heating Facility (IHF), the Gradient Heating Facility (GHF), the High Temperature Thermostat (HTT), the Fluid Physics Module (FPM) and the Cryostat (CRY). These facilities were used in a range of experiments relating to metallurgy, crystal growth, fluid physics, glasses and ceramics;

2. MD-MEDEA, a materials sciences facility consisting of another Gradient Heating Facility (GHF), a Mono-ellipsoid Minor Heating Facility and a High Precision Thermostat Facility;

3. the Prozesskammer (PK) facility which included the Holographic Interferometric Apparatus, the Marangoni Convertion Boat and the Interdiffusion In Salt Melt, which were used to study the transportation of bubbles;

4. the Biowissenschaften (BW) experiments relating to life sciences comprising three botanical experiments, two medical experiments and a biological experiment;

5. ESA's Vestibular Space Sled to study the human visio-vestibular coordination system and sensory perception processes;

6. Biorack, a multi-purpose facility for biological research in cell development physiology, cell fertilization and radio biology, which incorporated two incubators, a cooler freeze and a glove box. The facility permitted experiments to be performed in different temperature controlled environments and simulated 1-G, allowing investigators to distinguish between effects induced by gravity and

microgravity in investigations into the effects of microgravity and cosmic radiation on cells, tissues, plants, bacteria, insects and other organisms;

7. the Aerodynamic Coefficient Identification Package (ACIP)-15 as described for STS-1 (1981 034A); 8. several Developmental Test Objective (DTO) experiments as described for STS-1 (1981 034A),

including:


• DTO-303: Reinforced Carbon-carbon Life Evaluation;

• DTO-307D: Entry Structural Capability Evaluation;

• DTO-308D: Vibration and Acoustic Evaluation;

• DTO-311: Pogo Stability Performance;

• DTO-312: External Tank Thermal Protection System Performance;

• DTO-319D: Orbiter/Payload Acceleration and Acoustics Environment Data;

• DTO-325: Waste and Water Supply Dumps;

• DTO-327: Waste Control System Airflow Measurements;

• DTO-411: MPS Vacuum Dump Test;

• DTO-515: Nosewheel Steering Evaluation;

• DTO-623: Cabin Air Monitoring;

• DTO-624: Radiator Performance;

• DTO-758: Payload Flight Control System Dynamics Measurement;

• DTO-816: Gravity Gradient Attitude Control; 9. the High Resolution Accelerometer Package (HiRAP)-9 as described for STS-6 (1983 026A); and 10. the Shuttle Amateur Radio Experiment (SAREX)-3 as described for STS-51F (1985 063A). In addition, an external pallet was fitted with a Navigation Experiment (Navex) and a Materials Experiment Assembly (MEA) as described for STS-7 (1983 059A). After a flight of 7 days, 0 hours, 45 minutes the orbiter landed at Edwards AFB.

1985 104B (16231) Name: Glomr Country: USA Launch date: 31 October 1985 Re-entry: 26 December 1986 Launch site: Cape Canaveral Launch vehicle: STS + GAS


The Global Low Orbiting Message Relay (Glomr) satellite, also known as S85-6 and DARPA-401, was originally to be deployed by the STS-51B (1985 034A) flight but, on that flight, a fault prevented release from the Getaway canister as described for STS-3 (1982 022A) by means of a spring. The 52 kg satellite, which was fitted with transmitters, demonstrated the feasibility of using small satellites to send on/off commands to small transmitter stations on the ground, record the data gathered and transmitted by the stations and re-transmit it to a control station.

1985 105A (16235) Name: Kosmos-1701 Country: USSR Launch date: 9 November 1985 Re-entry: 11 May 2001 Launch site: Plesetsk Launch vehicle: Molniya M


1985 106A (16247) Name: Kosmos-1702 Country: USSR Launch date: 13 November 1985 Re-entry: 27 November 1985 Launch site: Plesetsk Launch vehicle: Soyuz U


1985 107A (16250) Name: Raduga-17 Country: USSR Launch date: 15 November 1985 Re-entry: in orbit Launch site: Baikonour Launch vehicle: Proton K/DM


1985 108A (16262) Name: Kosmos-1703 Country: USSR Launch date: 22 November 1985 Re-entry: in orbit Launch site: Plesetsk Launch vehicle: Tsyklon 3


1985 109A (16273) Name: STS-61B Country: USA Launch date: 27 November 1985 Re-entry: 3 December 1985 Launch site: Cape Canaveral Launch vehicle: STS


Crewed spaceflight with astronauts B. Shaw (Cmdr.), B. O'Connor (Pilot), M. Cleave, J. Ross, S. Spring (all Mission Specialists), C. Walker and R. Ner-Vela (Mexico) (both Payload Specialists) using the orbiter Atlantis as described for 1981 034A. The primary mission of the flight was to launch Morelos-2 (1985 109B), Aussat-2 (1985 109C), Satcom K-2 (1985 109D) as well as the Oex Target (1985 109E). The flight also carried the following experiments: 1. the Experimental Assembly of Structures in Extravehicular Activity/Assembly Concept for

Construction of Erectable Space Structures (EASE/ACCESS) facility (also referred to as Developmental Test Objective (DTO) 817) to gain experience with the building of large structures in space. The ACCESS facility had an assembled height of 13.71 m and consisted of 93 aluminium struts, whilst the EASE facility had an assembled height of 3.66 m and consisted of six aluminium beams. The total experiment included the Mission Peculiar Equipment Support Structure which spanned across the payload bay and served as a work platform;

2. a Getaway payload as described for STS-3 (1982 022A): G479, which produced primary surface mirrors and metallic crystals in microgravity;

3. the Continuous Flow Electrophoresis System (CFES) III-3 as described for STS-41D (1984 093A); 4. an IMAX camera mounted in the payload bay; 5. several Detailed Supplementary Objective (DSO) experiments as described for STS-1 (1981 034A):


• DSO-455: Clinical Characterization of SMS;

• DSO-457: Inflight Salivary Pharmacokinetics of Scopolamine and Dextroamphetamine;

• DSO-458: In-flight Pharmacokinetics of Acetaminophen in Saliva;





6. the Protein Crystal Growth (PCG)-3 experiment as described for STS-51D (1985 028A);

7. the Diffuse Mixing of Organic Solutions (DMOS)-2 experiment as described for STS-51A (1984 113A); and

8. the Mexican Payload Specialist Experiments (MPSE) in biological and Earth resources disciplines which included experiments in transportation of nutrients in bean plants, inoculation of group bacteria viruses, germination of three seed types and a medical experiment which measured changes in the fluid in legs due to zero-gravity.

The Morelos-2 satellite was released after 7 hours on 27 November 1985, whilst Aussat-2 was released on 28 November 1985. Satcom K-2 was released after 45 hours on 28 November 1984 whilst the Oex target experiment, which tested the Shuttle autopilot software for station keeping, was released on 30 November 1985. Ross and Spring made an EVA of 5 hours, 30 minutes on the fifth day and another EVA of 6 hours, 30 minutes on the sixth day. On both days they experimented with the ACCESS and EASE assemblies. The orbiter landed at Edwards AFB after a flight of 6 days, 20 hours, 54 minutes.

1985 109B (16274) Name: Morelos-2 Country: Mexico Launch date: 27 November 1985 Re-entry: in orbit Launch site: Cape Canaveral Launch vehicle: STS + PAM-D

Orbit: geostationary at 116°W Communications satellite as described for 1984 113A. The satellite was later renamed as Satmex-2.

1985 109C (16275) Name: Aussat-2 Country: Australia Launch date: 28 November 1985 Re-entry: in orbit Launch site: Cape Canaveral Launch vehicle: STS + PAM-D

Orbit: geostationary at 156°E Communications satellite as described for 1985 076B. The satellite was retired in 1993.

1985 109D (16276) Name: Satcom K-2 Country: USA Launch date: 28 November 1985 Re-entry: in orbit Launch site: Cape Canaveral Launch vehicle: STS + PAM-D

Orbit: geostationary at 81°W Communications satellite initially owned by RCA Americom and later by GE Americom. The satellites used the AS4000 platform and carried 16 transponders in the Ku band and had a mass of 1812 kg.

1985 109E (16277) Name: Oex Target Country: USA Launch date: 30 November 1985 Re-entry: 2 March 1987 Launch site: Cape Canaveral Launch vehicle: STS

Orbit: 368 x 382 km, inclination: 28.5° The Orbiter Experiment (Oex) Target was a 90 cm diameter satellite with a mass of 16 kg, to test the Shuttle autopilot software for station keeping. It was assembled by the crew of the STS-61B (1985 109A) from three metal disks and was released by hand during the EVA of 30 November 1985.

1985 110A (16291) Name: Kosmos-1704 Country: USSR Launch date: 28 November 1985 Re-entry: in orbit Launch site: Plesetsk Launch vehicle: Kosmos 3M


1985 111A (16296) Name: Kosmos-1705 Country: USSR Launch date: 3 December 1985 Re-entry: 17 December 1985 Launch site: Plesetsk Launch vehicle: Soyuz U


1985 112A (16306) Name: Kosmos-1706 Country: USSR Launch date: 11 December 1985 Re-entry: 9 February 1986 Launch site: Plesetsk Launch vehicle: Soyuz U


1985 113A (16326) Name: Kosmos-1707 Country: USSR Launch date: 12 December 1985 Re-entry: in orbit Launch site: Plesetsk Launch vehicle: Tsyklon 3


1985 114A (16328) Name: ITV-1 Country: USA Launch date: 13 December 1985 Re-entry: 11 May 1989 Launch site: Wallops Island Launch vehicle: Scout G-1


The Instrumented Test Vehicle (ITV)-1 or USA-13 was designed as a target for the US anti-satellite system. The 81 kg satellite carried a 1.83 m diameter balloon, which was never deployed, as well as instruments to measure the performance and accuracy of the anti-satellite test series. The satellite's radar signature would have simulated the infrared energy of a threat satellite allowing the anti-satellite miniature vehicles to differentiate the target vehicle from other satellites. The tests were never conducted as a result of a subsequent Congressional ban on such tests.

1985 114B (16329) Name: ITV-2 Country: USA Launch date: 13 December 1985 Re-entry: 9 August 1987 Launch site: Wallops Island Launch vehicle: Scout G-1


Technology satellite as described for 1985 114A. Also known as USA-14, the balloon of ITV-2 was deployed as a test.

1985 115A (16331) Name: Kosmos-1708 Country: USSR Launch date: 13 December 1985 Re-entry: 27 December 1985 Launch site: Plesetsk Launch vehicle: Soyuz U


1985 116A (16368) Name: Kosmos-1709 Country: USSR Launch date: 19 December 1985 Re-entry: in orbit Launch site: Plesetsk Launch vehicle: Kosmos 3M


1985 117A (16393) Name: Molniya 3-27 Country: USSR Launch date: 24 December 1985 Re-entry: in orbit Launch site: Plesetsk Launch vehicle: Molniya M


1985 118A (16396) Name: Kosmos-1710 Country: USSR Launch date: 24 December 1985 Re-entry: in orbit Launch site: Baikonour Launch vehicle: Proton K/DM-2


1985 118B (16397) Name: Kosmos-1711 Country: USSR Launch date: 24 December 1985 Re-entry: in orbit Launch site: Baikonour Launch vehicle: Proton K/DM-2


1985 118C (16398) Name: Kosmos-1712 Country: USSR Launch date: 24 December 1985 Re-entry: in orbit Launch site: Baikonour Launch vehicle: Proton K/DM-2


1985 119A (16408) Name: Meteor 2-13 Country: USSR Launch date: 26 December 1985 Re-entry: in orbit Launch site: Plesetsk Launch vehicle: Tsyklon 3

Orbit: 939 x 962 km, inclination: 82.5° Meteorological satellite as described for 1975 064A.

1985 120A (16429) Name: Kosmos-1713 Country: USSR Launch date: 27 December 1985 Re-entry: 22 January 1986 Launch site: Plesetsk Launch vehicle: Soyuz U

Orbit: 216 x 398 km, inclination: 62.8° Scientific satellite as described for 1984 026A. The satellite carried a Sokol and an Efir scientific payload.

1985 121A (16434) Name: Kosmos-1714 Country: USSR Launch date: 28 December 1985 Re-entry: 27 February 1986 Launch site: Baikonour Launch vehicle: Zenit 2

Orbit: 164 x 843 km, inclination: 71.0° Tselina 2 military electronic intelligence gathering satellite as described for 1984 106A. The satellite failed to achieve the desired orbit due to a retro-rocket failure. Four associated objects were separated and placed in a slightly higher orbit.

WORLD SPACECRAFT DIGEST by Jos Heyman 1985 Version: 30 … · The satellite was later purchased by...

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