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World Meteorological OrganizationWorking together in weather, climate and water

Environmental Research and Services for Megacities

Liisa Jalkanen,

Atmospheric Environment Research (AER) Division

WMO Secretariat

www.wmo.int

WMO

AREPGAW Megacities at Congress XVI

Megacities: face multiple weather hazards and air pollution problems, causing health, environmental and economical impacts.

• CAS President

• Cg Documents

• GAW and GURME Cg-XVI 3.2

• PWS Cg-XVI Cg-XVI 4.1

• Project proposal (4.5.3.59) in Compendium for voluntary budget

• Side meeting

AREPGAW WMO Congress XVI

CAS FUTURE ORIENTATIONS

Question CAS President:What are the significant technical, social and environmental stressors

which will drive the demand for more accurate and user friendly

environmental assessments and predictions?

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Reply:

CLIMATE CHANGEPOPULATION GROWTH

AND URBANIZATION

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Growing Urban Population(Billion)

AREPGAW WMO increasing focus:

MegacitiesGAW Doc Cg XVI Para 3.2.22 Need focus on large urban areas both for meteorological and air quality

research → applications → servicesActivities should be aimed at:

(i) development of strategies for megacities to deal with weather, climate and environmental problems and improvement of related services; (ii) enhancement of environmental monitoring and modelling capabilities; and (iii) establishment of case studies for understanding air pollution, health and climate connections in different types of megacities.

AREPGAW PWS Cg-XVI 4.1

Many challenges: severe weather, air pollution, water quality; domino effects.

Climate info and services for planning and long-term infrastructure buildingWeather info and services to respond to needs in handling severe and high-impact events.

Need partnerships; improved communication and client relations.

RequiredCoordinated effort across broad spectrum of activities, e.g. PWS, GDPFS, AER, WWR; WHO.

CBS and CAS to provide collaborative leadership.

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GURME experience

Climate change air pollution interactionsNeed to consider all scales

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Santiago, ChileSao Paulo, Brazil Mexico City, Mexico

Example of GURME project: Latin American Cities

Improvement of AQ forecasting in Latin American cities through capacity building

• First Air Quality Forecasting Workshop for the Latin American Cities October, 2003, Santiago, Chile;

• Workshop on application of WRF/Chem Model and Use of Remote sensing, 2006, Sao Paulo

• Training Workshop on AQF for Latin American countries, 2006, Lima• Air Quality Modeling for Latin America, August 2009, Mexico City• Workshop on SLCFs for Latin America, Sept 2011, Mexico City

NMHSs - Universities - Environmental Agencies

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IITM, Pune

Brought to you by

Air QualityIITM, Pune

WeatherIMD, New Delhi

Ministry of Earth SciencesGovt. of India

C W G -2 0 1 0

In Association with OC-CWG

GURME Pilot Project

PI: Gufran Beig

AREPGAW SAFAR Components for CWG

• This SAFAR project involved 4 components to facilitate the current and 24h to 48h advance forecasting, namely,

• (1) The development of high resolution emission inventory of air pollutants for NCR and defining air quality index for India.

• (2) Network of eleven Air Quality Monitoring Stations (AQMS) equipped with instruments to provide near real time air quality information. (CO,CO2,O3,NO,Nox,NO2, BTX,O3,PM2.5,PM10,BC)

• (3) The 3-D atmospheric chemistry transport forecasting modeling coupled with weather forecasting model to provide forecast of air pollutant levels.

• (4) (a) Display the information on LED and LCD screens located at 20 different locations in Delhi in a public friendly format and

(b) displaying the online detailed information through the Web portal developed for CWG as: http://safar.tropmet.res.in/.

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AREPGAW Another example: Shanghai MHEWS

dense population: 20 million rapid economic development: aiming to be the economic, financial, trade, and transportation center of China. Threat of Multi-Hazard to Shanghai: frequently affected by natural hazards such as typhoons and associated marine hazards such as storm surge, heavy storms, heavy fog, heat-waves, and by atmospheric pollution episodes

Shanghai is a mega-city situated on the shores of the East China Sea and the Yangtze River Mouth

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Shanghai MHEWS Project components

Reported at Cg in WMO President’s document

• Demonstration project (WENS) on the application of nowcasting to Public Weather Service delivery

• The Typhoon Landfall Forecast Demonstration Project (TLFDP) supported by WWRP and TCP

• GURME demonstration project on air pollution

• Heat and Health Warning System (HHWS) demonstration project and intercomparison

• Project for the development of the MHEWS programme governance, institutional coordination mechanisms and community preparedness.

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GURME Pilot Project part of MHEWS Shanghai (EXPO-2010)

Enhanced observing system

Enhanced air quality & weather forecasting (& heat waves)

Field experiment (joint with NCAR)

Workshop activities

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Influenza forecast

Heat wave and cold spell forecast

Pollen forecast

Heat index, Sunstoke, and Diarrhea forecast for EXPO 2010

UV forecast

Meteorological services for public health

Bacterial Food Poisoning

Ozone forecast

Haze forecast

Forecast models

Observations

Bacterial food poisoning, Influenza,Heatstroke, Trauma, Diarrhea diagnostic

UV radiation

Meteorological measurements (temperature, wind, humidity, pressure, cloud, etc)

Pollen measurements (open plat method, Microscope filter)

SporeWatch electronic spore & pollen sampler

Atmospheric chemistry observation (O3, NOX, CO, SO2, aerosols)

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An Extension of Shanghai GURME project on urban meteorological observations, first meeting of advisory team in December 2011.

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Sand and Dust Storms

AREPGAW The WMO Sand and Dust Storm Warning,

Advisory and Assessment System (SDS-WAS)

• A Global Consortium Helping Society Reduce Risk Through Research, Assessments and Forecasts

• IMPACTS: Human Health, Agriculture, Marine productivity, Weather and Climate, Aviation

SDS-WAS• 40 WMO Members interested in the

initiative• ~ 15 institutions running research

operational dust model forecasts• 2 SDS-WAS modes (in China and

Spain) established to coordinate regional cooperation

• Joint GAW and WWRP initiative

SDS integrates observations, models and delivers products to users

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Heavy sand storm in Minqin County, northwest of China's Gansu Province. Sand covered about one-eighth of China from April 14 to 18, 2006 and about 330,000 tons of sand fell in Beijing on Sunday night April 10.

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Heat waves cause excess deaths, large portion due to air pollutionHeat wave in Europe summer 2003:

70 000 extra deaths, about 20 – 38 % due to air pollution

More ozone:

• High T favors production of O3

• Low RH reduces destruction of O3

• Less dry removal through vegetation (T, no precipitation)

• Biogenic precursor emissions higher (isoprene)

• Stable meteorological situation with no clouds (containment of pollutants and favorable for photochemistry)

AQ forecasts and Heat Health Early Warnings (HHEW)

AREPGAW EU, COST, IGAC collaboration

• MEGAPOLI Project

• COST Actions

728 Mesoscale for AP and Dispersion

Applications: Several joint publications

0602 Chemical weather

0603 Allergenic pollen

1004 European framework for online integrated air quality and meteorology modelling (EuMetChem)

• IGAC-WMO Megacity Report

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A Contour- Design Description of the Pavilion “Cloud Droplets”

MeteoWorld Pavilion, World Expo 2010 Shanghai Better City Better Life

Pavillion Theme: Safety and well-being of the people

Collaboration critical for success!