World History Unit4 Byzantium And Islam
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Transcript of World History Unit4 Byzantium And Islam
Rome’s Successors in Eastern Rome’s Successors in Eastern Europe and the Middle East:Europe and the Middle East:
Byzantium
Islam
Byzantium and the Expansion of IslamByzantium and the Expansion of Islam
The Byzantine Empire The Byzantine Empire
Framework Established by Constantine– The Emperor
Held absolute civil power Wanted control of the religious institutions as well Caesaro-papism Continuation of Roman Authority
- Commerce centered at Constantinople- Great Schism of 1054 splits the Christian
Church into Orthodox and Catholic
Hagia Sophia Church in Constantinople (Istanbul) – Hagia Sophia Church in Constantinople (Istanbul) – construction started in the 6construction started in the 6thth century – largest church century – largest church in Christendom for over 1000 yearsin Christendom for over 1000 years
Russian and Ukrainian Russian and Ukrainian Patriarchs todayPatriarchs today
Byzantium and the SlavsByzantium and the Slavs
Cyrillic AlphabetTrade relationsMoscow absorbs Roman Culture Christianity flows northArt and Architecture (Russian
architecture is often centered around the “onion domes”, similar to those found in the Middle East)
Cyrillic Alphabet (Russian Version)Cyrillic Alphabet (Russian Version)
ISLAM ISLAM SUBMISSION TO ALLAHSUBMISSION TO ALLAH
The Rise of IslamThe Rise of Islam
Muhammad (570-632)– Caravan trader living in Mecca
First teachings of the Koran revealed, 610 Flees with followers to Medina, 622
– The hejira
Mecca conquered in the first Jihad (632) Koran – the Islamic holy book
– One god, Allah and Mohammad is the Prophet– Prayer – 5X/day facing Mecca– Alms to the poor– Fasting during Ramadan– The Hajj – pilgrimage to Mecca
The Five Pillars (obligatory duties)
The Kaba in MeccaThe Kaba in Mecca
Map of the Spread of IslamMap of the Spread of Islam
Expansion of Islam (West)Expansion of Islam (West)
Largely through military conquest– Jihad (holy war)– Within 100 years,
Muslims conquer territory from Holy Land to the Iberian Peninsula
– Displays weakness of Byzantine Empire
– Stopped in the West at the Battle of Tours (732)
The Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem
–To the West (North Africa and Europe)
Expansion of Islam (East)Expansion of Islam (East)
Largely through trade– Attraction as a religion of
salvation– Arab traders control trade
throughout the Indian Ocean
– Largest Islamic country is Indonesia
– India is 25% Muslim– Spices and tea trade will be
important for later units
TheTaj Mahal
–To the East (Asia and India)
Expansion of Islam (Africa)Expansion of Islam (Africa)
– Attraction as a religion of salvation
– Berber traders cross the Sahara Desert
– Timbuktu in Mali becomes a center of Islamic learning with a great library
– Islamic proverb states that "Salt comes from the north, gold from the south, but the word of God and the treasures of wisdom come from Timbuktu.“
Mosque in Timbuktu
Map of the Spread of Islam to AfricaMap of the Spread of Islam to Africa
Draws on Greek, Persian, and Indian sources Mathematics, astronomy and medicine Idea that learning is a gift from Allah Algebra, the Zero and Surgery Developed the first hospitals where the sick could be
treated by professionals Advances become important components of later
western culture, although it will take Christian loses in the Crusades to bring many Arab cultural ideas to Europe
Islamic Science and Medicine
Islamic MedicineIslamic Medicine