WORLD HISTORY: UNIT 7WORLD HISTORY: UNIT 7MOUNTING GLOBAL TENSIONSMOUNTING GLOBAL TENSIONS

► SSWH11 Students will investigate SSWH11 Students will investigate political and social changes in Japan and in political and social changes in Japan and in

► China from the seventeenth century CE to China from the seventeenth century CE to mid-nineteenth century CE. mid-nineteenth century CE.

► a. Describe the policies of the Tokugawa and a. Describe the policies of the Tokugawa and Qing rulers; include Oda Nobunaga and Kangxi. Qing rulers; include Oda Nobunaga and Kangxi.

► b. Analyze the impact of population growth and b. Analyze the impact of population growth and its impact on the social structure. its impact on the social structure.

Tokugawa ShogunateTokugawa Shogunate

►SHOGUNATESHOGUNATE►THE GOVERNMENT OF hereditary THE GOVERNMENT OF hereditary

military dictators of military dictators of JapanJapan from 1192 from 1192 to 1867to 1867

►1600-1868 1600-1868

►feudal Japanese military governmentfeudal Japanese military government►heads of government were the heads of government were the

shogunsshoguns►Each was a member of the Each was a member of the

Tokugawa clanTokugawa clan►The Tokugawa shogunate ruled from The Tokugawa shogunate ruled from

Edo CastleEdo Castle Tokyo. Tokyo.

► Society in the Tokugawa periodSociety in the Tokugawa period► strict class strict class hierarchyhierarchy RANKING RANKING► EMPEROREMPEROR► SHOGUNSSHOGUNS► daimyodaimyo, or lords, or lords► warriorwarrior-caste of -caste of samuraisamurai► FarmersFarmers► ArtisansArtisans► TradersTraders

►establishment of the Tokugawa establishment of the Tokugawa shogunate brought Japan the longest shogunate brought Japan the longest period of peace and stability in its period of peace and stability in its history, lasting well over 200 yearshistory, lasting well over 200 years

► http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/at/tokugawa/tj02.htmlhttp://afe.easia.columbia.edu/at/tokugawa/tj02.html► http://www.history.com/topics/meiji-restoration/videos#samuraihttp://www.history.com/topics/meiji-restoration/videos#samurai

IMPORTANT LEADERSIMPORTANT LEADERS

► ODA NOBUNAGAODA NOBUNAGA► 1534 – 15821534 – 1582► unification of unification of JapanJapan

under the under the shogunateshogunate in the in the late 16th century, late 16th century, which ruled Japan which ruled Japan until the until the Meiji RestorationMeiji Restoration in in 1868. He was also a 1868. He was also a major major daimyodaimyo

► TOKUGAWA IEYASUTOKUGAWA IEYASU► 1603-16051603-1605► SHOGUN UNIFIER SHOGUN UNIFIER

OF JAPANOF JAPAN► founder and first founder and first

shogunshogun of the of the Tokugawa Tokugawa shogunateshogunate of of JapanJapan

► ABSOLUTE RULERABSOLUTE RULER

CHINA, 1600 -1900CHINA, 1600 -1900

►QING DYNASTYQING DYNASTY►KANGXI, emperorKANGXI, emperor

QING (CHING) OR MANCHU QING (CHING) OR MANCHU DYNASTY OF CHINADYNASTY OF CHINA

QING DYNASTYQING DYNASTY

►1644-19121644-1912► last imperial last imperial dynastydynasty of of ChinaChina ►preceded by the preceded by the Ming DynastyMing Dynasty and and

followed by the followed by the Republic of ChinaRepublic of China►MOST IMPORTANT EMPEROR, KANGXIMOST IMPORTANT EMPEROR, KANGXI►1661-1722, REIGN1661-1722, REIGN

► reign of 61 yearsreign of 61 years► longest-reigning longest-reigning

Chinese emperor in Chinese emperor in historyhistory

► One of the One of the longest-reigning rullongest-reigning rulers in the worlders in the world

► suppressed revolts and oppositionsuppressed revolts and opposition► Conquered Conquered TaiwanTaiwan ► blocked blocked Tsarist RussiaTsarist Russia on the on the Amur RiverAmur River and expanded the and expanded the

empire in the northwestempire in the northwest► Compiled the Compiled the KangxiKangxi Dictionary Dictionary► long-term stability and relative wealth after years of war and long-term stability and relative wealth after years of war and

chaoschaos► He initiated the period known as the "Prosperous Era of He initiated the period known as the "Prosperous Era of

Kangxi”Kangxi”► By the end of his reign, the Qing Empire controlled all of By the end of his reign, the Qing Empire controlled all of

China properChina proper, , TaiwanTaiwan, , ManchuriaManchuria, part of the , part of the Russian Far EastRussian Far East ((Outer ManchuriaOuter Manchuria), both ), both InnerInner and and Outer MongoliaOuter Mongolia, , TibetTibet proper, and proper, and JoseonJoseon Korea Korea as a as a protectorateprotectorate..

► CHINA’S GOLDEN AGE, DURING QING DYNASTYCHINA’S GOLDEN AGE, DURING QING DYNASTY► Many foreigners entered China during this dynasty, GB, FR, Many foreigners entered China during this dynasty, GB, FR,

GER, USA, PORT, NETHGER, USA, PORT, NETH

►http://en.wiki-videos.com/video/Kangxihttp://en.wiki-videos.com/video/Kangxi%20Emperor%20Emperor

POPULATION CHANGESPOPULATION CHANGES► In the early years of the Ming dynasty in the late fourteenth In the early years of the Ming dynasty in the late fourteenth

century, China's population began dramatic changes that century, China's population began dramatic changes that continue to the present.continue to the present.

► Rapid increases occurred especially between 1749 and 1811 Rapid increases occurred especially between 1749 and 1811 during the Qing dynasty when the country's population during the Qing dynasty when the country's population doubled from 177,495,000 to 358,610,000doubled from 177,495,000 to 358,610,000

► By 1851, the population reached perhaps 431,896,000 before By 1851, the population reached perhaps 431,896,000 before the effects of the disastrous Taiping Rebellion brought about a the effects of the disastrous Taiping Rebellion brought about a slowing of past growth patterns (Some 30,000,000 deaths slowing of past growth patterns (Some 30,000,000 deaths occurred between 1851-1864 during the upheavals associated occurred between 1851-1864 during the upheavals associated with the attempt to establish the Taiping Heavenly Kingdomwith the attempt to establish the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom

► Throughout the Ming (1368-1644) and Qing (1644-1911) Throughout the Ming (1368-1644) and Qing (1644-1911) dynasties, increasing population pressure on China's arable dynasties, increasing population pressure on China's arable land was an on-going problem. Remarkable changes in land was an on-going problem. Remarkable changes in agriculture in China over this four century period attest to agriculture in China over this four century period attest to extraordinary successes in increasing grain production to feed extraordinary successes in increasing grain production to feed the burgeoning population.the burgeoning population.

► SSWH13 The student will examine the intellectual, political, social, and economic factors that changed the world view of Europeans.

►b. Identify the major ideas of the Enlightenment from the writings of Locke, Voltaire, and Rousseau and their relationship to politics and society.

ENLIGHTENMENTENLIGHTENMENT

► The The Age of EnlightenmentAge of Enlightenment► EnlightenmentEnlightenment ► Age of ReasonAge of Reason► cultural movementcultural movement of intellectuals in the 17th and of intellectuals in the 17th and

18th centuries18th centuries► began first in began first in EuropeEurope and later in the and later in the

American coloniesAmerican colonies► Purpose: reform society using reason, challenge Purpose: reform society using reason, challenge

ideas grounded in tradition and faith, and advance ideas grounded in tradition and faith, and advance knowledge through the knowledge through the scientific methodscientific method

► Promoted science, skepticism, and intellectual Promoted science, skepticism, and intellectual interchange and opposed superstition, intolerance, interchange and opposed superstition, intolerance, and some abuses by church and state. and some abuses by church and state.

►The The Scientific RevolutionScientific Revolution is closely tied is closely tied to the Enlightenment, as its to the Enlightenment, as its discoveries overturned many discoveries overturned many traditional concepts and introduced traditional concepts and introduced new perspectives on nature and man's new perspectives on nature and man's place within itplace within it

► contributions by hundreds of leading contributions by hundreds of leading philosophesphilosophes (intellectuals) (intellectuals)

► John LockeJohn Locke (1632–1704) (1632–1704) ► VoltaireVoltaire (1694–1778) (1694–1778)► RousseauRousseau (1712–1778) (1712–1778) ► MontesquieuMontesquieu (1689–1755) (1689–1755) ► political idea of the Enlightenment influenced political idea of the Enlightenment influenced

the the American Declaration of IndependenceAmerican Declaration of Independence, , the the United States Bill of RightsUnited States Bill of Rights, the French , the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the CitiDeclaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizenzen

► ABOVE ARE “ENLIGHTENED DOCUMENTS”ABOVE ARE “ENLIGHTENED DOCUMENTS”

ENLIGHTENED THINKERSENLIGHTENED THINKERS► JOHN LOCKEJOHN LOCKE► social contractsocial contract theory theory ► Two Treatises of GovernmentTwo Treatises of Government ► AGAINST ABSOLUTE AGAINST ABSOLUTE

GOVERNMENTGOVERNMENT► FAVORED GOVERNMENT BY FAVORED GOVERNMENT BY

“CONSENT OF THE “CONSENT OF THE GOVERNED”GOVERNED”

► NATURAL RIGHTS: ALL HAVE NATURAL RIGHTS: ALL HAVE RIGHT TO LIFE, LIBERTY, AND RIGHT TO LIFE, LIBERTY, AND PROPERTYPROPERTY

► ACCORDING TO HIS ACCORDING TO HIS CONTRACT THEORY, IF GOVT CONTRACT THEORY, IF GOVT DOES NOT PROTECT DOES NOT PROTECT NATURAL RIGHTS, PEOPLE NATURAL RIGHTS, PEOPLE HAVE RIGHT TO HAVE RIGHT TO “OVERTHROW” GOVT“OVERTHROW” GOVT

► VOLTAIREVOLTAIRE► Attacked the established Attacked the established

RCC RCC ► Advocate of Advocate of

freedom of religionfreedom of religion, , freedom of expressionfreedom of expression, and , and separation of church and statseparation of church and statee

► writer, producing works in writer, producing works in almost every literary form, almost every literary form, including plays, poems, including plays, poems, novels, essays, and historical novels, essays, and historical and scientific worksand scientific works

► ““I disapprove of what you I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it.” death your right to say it.”

► JEAN JACQUES ROUSSEAUJEAN JACQUES ROUSSEAU► education of the whole person for education of the whole person for

citizenship citizenship ► ““Man is born free, and everywhere he is Man is born free, and everywhere he is

in chains.” in chains.” ► ““I prefer liberty with danger than peace I prefer liberty with danger than peace

with slavery.” with slavery.” ► ““People who know little are usually People who know little are usually

great talkers, while men who know great talkers, while men who know much say little.” much say little.”

► FREEDOMFREEDOM► ANTI-SLAVERYANTI-SLAVERY► POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY, “PEOPLE POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY, “PEOPLE

POWER”POWER”► ““Every man having been born free and Every man having been born free and

master of himself, no one else may master of himself, no one else may under any pretext whatever subject him under any pretext whatever subject him without his consent. To assert that the without his consent. To assert that the son of a slave is born a slave is to assert son of a slave is born a slave is to assert that he is not born a man.” that he is not born a man.” ― ― Jean-Jacques RousseauJean-Jacques Rousseau, , The Social ContractThe Social Contract

► MONTESQUIEUMONTESQUIEU► separation of powersseparation of powers, ,

DIVISION OF POWERSDIVISION OF POWERS► CHECKS AND CHECKS AND

BALANCES BALANCES ► To become truly great, To become truly great,

one has to stand with pone has to stand with people, not above them.eople, not above them.

► POWER SHOULD BE TO POWER SHOULD BE TO CHECK POWER.CHECK POWER.

ABSOLUTISM, REVOLUTIONS, ABSOLUTISM, REVOLUTIONS, REBELLIONSREBELLIONS

► SSWH14 The student will analyze the Age of Revolutions and Rebellions.

► a. Examine absolutism through a comparison of the rules of Louis XIV, Tsar Peter the Great, and Tokugawa Ieyasu.

► b. Identify the causes and results of the revolutions in England (1689), United States (1776), France (1789), Haiti (1791), and Latin America (1808-1825).

► c. Explain Napoleon’s rise to power, and his defeat; and explain the consequences for Europe.

► d. Examine the interaction of China and Japan with westerners; include the Opium War, the Taiping Rebellion, and Commodore Perry.

ABSOLUTISM, ABSOLUTE ABSOLUTISM, ABSOLUTE RULERULE

►Absolute monarchyAbsolute monarchy, a form of , a form of government where the monarch has government where the monarch has the power to rule their land freely, with the power to rule their land freely, with no laws or legally organized direct no laws or legally organized direct opposition in force opposition in force

►DIVINE RIGHT OF MONARCHS, the DIVINE RIGHT OF MONARCHS, the doctrine that a monarch derives his or doctrine that a monarch derives his or her power directly from God her power directly from God

A COMPARISON OF ABSOLUTE A COMPARISON OF ABSOLUTE MONARCHSMONARCHS

►LOUIS XIV, FRANCE, BOURBON LOUIS XIV, FRANCE, BOURBON DYNASTYDYNASTY

►CZAR PETER I, THE GREAT, RUSSIA, CZAR PETER I, THE GREAT, RUSSIA, ROMANOV DYNASTYROMANOV DYNASTY

►TOKUGAWA IEYASU, JAPAN, TOKUGAWA IEYASU, JAPAN, TOKUGAWA CLANTOKUGAWA CLAN

LOUIS XIVLOUIS XIV

► 1638-17151638-1715► REIGN, 1643-1715REIGN, 1643-1715► 72 YRS, 110 DAYS72 YRS, 110 DAYS► LONGEST IN FR AND LONGEST IN FR AND

EUR HISTORYEUR HISTORY► THE SUN KINGTHE SUN KING► ““L’ETAT C’EST MOI.” L’ETAT C’EST MOI.”

I AM THE STATE.I AM THE STATE.

► DIVINE RIGHT OF DIVINE RIGHT OF KINGS; ABSOLUTEKINGS; ABSOLUTE

► ADVISORS: CARDINAL ADVISORS: CARDINAL MAZARIN, JEAN MAZARIN, JEAN BAPTISTE COLBERTBAPTISTE COLBERT

► CONTROLLED CONTROLLED NOBILITYNOBILITY

► VERSAILLES PALACE, VERSAILLES PALACE, OUTSIDE PARISOUTSIDE PARIS

► 1661, 16701661, 1670

► PATRON OF THE ARTS, TO GLORIFY THE KING, NOT PATRON OF THE ARTS, TO GLORIFY THE KING, NOT GODGOD

► EXPANDED FR BORDERS BUT INCREASED DEBTEXPANDED FR BORDERS BUT INCREASED DEBT► RESULTS OF REIGNRESULTS OF REIGN► 1. WORLD POWER1. WORLD POWER► 2. FR-ART, LIT, POL LEADER2. FR-ART, LIT, POL LEADER► 3. MIL LEADER3. MIL LEADER► 4. OVERSEAS COLONIES/TRADE4. OVERSEAS COLONIES/TRADE► 5. DEBT5. DEBT► 6. ABUSE OF POWER6. ABUSE OF POWER► 7. LATER, REVOLUTION7. LATER, REVOLUTION

1685, 17011685, 1701

PETER THE GREAT, RUSSIAPETER THE GREAT, RUSSIA

► 1672-17251672-1725► REIGN, 1682-1725REIGN, 1682-1725► REFORMER, INCREASING REFORMER, INCREASING

POWER OF CZARPOWER OF CZAR► RUSSIA: BACKWARDRUSSIA: BACKWARD► GOAL: GOAL:

REFORM…”VIEW” TO REFORM…”VIEW” TO WEST, EUROPEWEST, EUROPE

► HOW: TRIP TO WEST HOW: TRIP TO WEST INCOGNITOINCOGNITO

► RESULT: RESULT: WESTERNIZATION OF WESTERNIZATION OF RUSSIARUSSIA

1698 (PICTURE)1698 (PICTURE)

► MIND OF A GENIUSMIND OF A GENIUS► BODY OF A GIANTBODY OF A GIANT► TEMPER OF A BEARTEMPER OF A BEAR► CONTROLLED CONTROLLED

RUSSIAN RUSSIAN ORTHODOX ORTHODOX CHURCHCHURCH

► REDUCED POWER REDUCED POWER OF NOBLES OF NOBLES (BOYARS)(BOYARS)

► REFORMS-REFORMS-► WESTERNIZATIONWESTERNIZATION► 1. TRAINED 1. TRAINED ► MILITARY MILITARY ► WITH EUROPEAN OFFICIERSWITH EUROPEAN OFFICIERS► 2. POTATOES2. POTATOES► 3. 13. 1STST NEWSPAPER NEWSPAPER► 4. RAISED STATUS OF WOMEN4. RAISED STATUS OF WOMEN► 5. WESTERN CLOTHING5. WESTERN CLOTHING► 6. ADVANCED EDUCATION6. ADVANCED EDUCATIONA.A. NAVIGATION SCHOOLNAVIGATION SCHOOLB.B. SCHOOL FOR ARTS AND SCIENCESSCHOOL FOR ARTS AND SCIENCES7.7. BUILT NEW CAPITAL, ST. BUILT NEW CAPITAL, ST.

PETERSBURG, “WINDOW TO THE PETERSBURG, “WINDOW TO THE WEST” “WINDOW TO EUROPE”WEST” “WINDOW TO EUROPE”

RESULTS OF ABOVE: RUSSIA, RESULTS OF ABOVE: RUSSIA, A EUROPEAN POWERA EUROPEAN POWER

RUSSIA, RUSSIAN EMPIRE, RUSSIA, RUSSIAN EMPIRE, PETER THE GREAT AND PETER THE GREAT AND

CATHERINE THE GREAT TO 1796CATHERINE THE GREAT TO 1796