World History: Miss Winters. Medieval Intellectual Life Remember.. Thinking sin caused the Black...
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Transcript of World History: Miss Winters. Medieval Intellectual Life Remember.. Thinking sin caused the Black...
THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION
World History: Miss Winters
Causes of the Scientific Revolution
Medieval Intellectual Life Remember.. Thinking sin
caused the Black Death, etc.
The Italian Renaissance System of Patronage gave
money to new areas!
Renewed focus on mathematics
Navigational problems of long sea voyages
Better scientific instruments
New Sciences!
16th-17th century: physics and astronomy
17th-18th century: chemistry and biology
16th-18th century: mathematics
New methods of thought going back to Aristotle and Greek/Roman philosopher/scientists Just like the Renaissance did!
Discoveries during exploration led to doubt
Copernicus (1473-1543) Aim to glorify God
Heliocentrism: Believed in a sun-centered universe
Challenged circular orbits
Universe of staggering size
Earth no different than any other planet
On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres (1543)
Published on his deathbed due to fear of the Church
Francis Bacon (1561-1626)
Father of the Scientific Revolution
Emphasis on practical, useful knowledge
New attitude toward nature
Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) Used experimental
method
Discoveries using the telescope supported Heliocentrism
Mathematical formula for acceleration of falling objects Law of inertia
Challenges categories of “form” and “matter”
1633- Church forced Galileo to recant; placed under house arrest
Johannes Kepler (1571-1630)
Planetary motion explained by mathematical formula
Elliptical orbits
Planets do not move at uniform speeds in their orbits
Rene Descartes (1596-1650)
Significance of Doubt
Spatial relationships can be expressed in mathematical formulas
Father of “analytical geometry”
Isaac Newton (1642-1727) Blends inductive and
deductive methods
Argues for a universe governed by natural laws
Laws of Motion!
Principia; Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy (1687)
Consequences of the Scientific Revolution
Rise of the “Scientific Community”
The modern scientific method
A universe ordered according to natural laws
Consequences of the Scientific Revolution (cont)
Deism
Belief that there is a God that created the universe
BUT laws of nature, not miracles explain how the world works
Laws discovered by human reason
“De-Spiritualized” and de-mystified the Universe
Consequences of the Scientific Revolution (cont)