World History Chapter 1II. The Beginning of Agriculture

Reading Exercise

• Create a graphic organizer. On the left side, describe the key facts related to the development of agriculture, including both plant and animal domestication. On the right side of the graphic organizer, note the ways in which the development of agriculture affected Neolithic societies.

Main Idea

• The development of agriculture was on of the most important turning points in human history and significantly changed the way in which many people lived.

Objectives

• Discover what new tools and technologies did early humans develop during the New stone Age.

• Investigate how early agriculture developed and spread.

• Identify in what ways did the development of agriculture change Stone Age society.

A) The New Stone Age

• Neolithic – new stone age – 8000 BC – 3000 BC – more advanced stone tools

• Tools made with polishing and grinding instead of chipping

B) Development of Agriculture

• Neolithic Revolution - shift from gathering to growing food.

• 10,000 years ago at the end of the ice age, many species died out

• Domestication – selective growing or breeding of plants and animals – taming

• Domestication gave people a better more reliable food source

C) Agriculture Changes Society

• Populations grew• Settlements formed• Pastoralists – people who ranged over wide areas and kept hers

of livestock – nomads• Settlements developed into towns• Skilled craft workers developed• Extra food allowed for trade• Men became dominate – farming• Religion and upper class developed • Megaliths – huge stones• Warfare invented – land and water• Disease increased

D) New Technologies

• Hand tools developed• 6000 BC – plow invented• Pestles and grindstones• Pottery for storage• Weave wool into garments• Bronze Age – 3000 BC – mix of copper and

tin – replaced stone tools

E) Catal Huyuk and Otzi

• Neolithic village discovered in Turkey• 30 acres• Houses built close together• Otzi the Iceman – 1991 found frozen in the

Alps – 5000 years old• Stitched skin outfit, leather shoes, copper

knife, flint.• Arrowhead found in his back – murdered?

Review

• How did tool making in the New Stone Age differ from tool making in the Old Stone Age?

• How did people benefit from farming and the domestication of plants and animals?

• How did the development of agriculture affect Neolithic societies?