World HistorySOL Review Day 3

World War I• Causes

MilitaryAlliancesImperialismNationalism

European Nations building up their armies before World War I

Secret Alliance between nations. Didn’t think that they would ever be call up for a war

European nations in competitions over colonies

Pride in one’s nations. We’re the Best!

The Spark• Assassination of Austria’s Archduke

Major Events• United States entering the War• Russia Leaves the War– Why does Russia leave the War early?

• What are the significances of these events?

Major Leaders• Woodrow Wilson– Fourteen points– Paris Peace talks

• Kaiser Wilhelm II– Wanted to show how

powerful Germany was– Wanted to build an Empire– Alliance with Austria-

Hungary

Outcomes of WWI• What were the outcomes and global effects

of WWI?– Colonies participation in the war, which increased

demand for independence– End of the Russian Imperial Family, Ottoman

empire, German and Austro-Hungarian empires. – Enormous cost of the war in lives, property and

social disruption

Treaty of Versailles• Forced Germany to accept responsibility for

war and loss territory to pay reparations• Limited the German military • League of Nations

Reparations:compensation in money, payable by a defeated country to another country or to an individual for loss suffered during or as a result of war.

That’s my idea!

Russian Revolution 1917 • Causes • Rise of Communism – Lenin’s Rule:• New Economic Policy

– Government controlled major industries, banks and communication

– But is allow some private ownership and allowed peasants to sell their surplus.

– Stalin became Lenin’s successor

Lenin Stalin

End of WWILeague of Nations• Established to prevent

future wars

• Weakness:• Did not have the power to

enforce its decision

The Mandate system• During World War I, Great

Britain and France agreed to divide large portions of the Ottoman Empire in the Middes east between themselves

The Great Depression • Impact of the Worldwide

Depression– High unemployment in

industrial countries– Bank failures and collapse of

credit– Collapse of prices in world

trade– Nazi Party’s growing

importance in Germany; Nazi Party’s blame of European Jews for economic collapse

DictatorsJoseph Stalin

Adolf Hitler

Benito Mussolini

Hirohito and Hideki Tojo

Dictators• Why did Dictators emerge in Germany, Italy,

Japan and the USSR after WWI?

• How did these regimes affect the world following WWI?

Joseph Stalin

Adolf Hitler

Benito Mussolini

Hirohito and Hideki Tojo

World War II• Economic and political causes of WWII– Aggression by toleration states: Germany, Italy and

Japan– Appeasement– Examples:• Hitler’s want of Rhineland

The making of concessions to an aggressor in order to avoid war

Write in your own words

Major Events• Battle of Britain: Bombardment of Britain's

cities by the Germans.• Germans invasion of Russia.

• Blitz• Total War

“lighting War” a form of warfare in which surprise attacks with fast-moving

airplanes are followed by massive attacks with infantry forces

A Conflict in which the participating countries devote all their resources to the war effort

Outcome• United Nations• Marshall Plan: A US program of economic aid

to European countries to help them rebuild after WWII

Holocaust and Genocide• Genocide: The systematic and purposeful

destruction of a racial, political, religious or cultural group

ReconstructionGermany• Democratic government

installed in West Germany and West Berlin.

• Germany and Berlin divided Emergence of West Germany as economic power in post war Europe

Japan• United States occupation of

japan under MacArthur's administration

• Democracy and economic developments

• Elimination of Japan’s military offensive capabilities

• Japan economy emerges as dominant in Asia

The Cold War • Yalta Conference– Meeting after WWII– Begins rivalry between US and USSR– Goals were to • Promote peace• Provide emergency relief• Help interim government

Matching of Cold War Events

Collapse of the Soviet Union• Soviet economic collapse forced them to pull

their military out of Eastern Europe

Containment • A policy for preventing the expansion of

communism

Conflicts in China • Civil War between Communist and Nationalist• The nationalist fled to Taiwan at the end of the

civil war.– Led by Chiang Kai-shek – Established nationalist China in Taiwan

• The Communist established a communist China on the main land– Led by Mao Tse-Tung (Mao Zedong)– Communist China participated in the Korean War

Vietnam • Vietnam as a colony – French did not want to give up

Vietnam– As a colony, the Vietnam had

little involvement in government.

• Ho Chi Minh – Leader of the Communist party – Later ruled North Vietnam

Policy of Containment • Former colony of Vietnam is divided

between North and South. • Communist in the North (independent)

and South non-communist supported by the United States. – Domino theory (President Eisenhower)

War Break outs • Vietcong- Communist guerillas fighters in the

south begin to gain strength • Containment

Indian Independence

Characteristic of African Independents

• Right to self-determination (UN Charter)

• Some Peaceful , some violent• Pride in African Culture and

Heritage • Resentment of Imperial Rule

and economic explorations

Middle East Independence

Ethnic conflicts• Balkins:– Yugoslavia falls apart• Made up of several different

groups: Serbs, Croats, Muslims, Slovenes, Macedonians and Montenegrins

• Josip Tito held Yugoslavia together till he died

• Ethnic conflicts boiled over• Slovenia and Croatia-declared

independence- Serb-yugoslav invaded both republic.

• Ethnic cleansing of Bosnia Muslim population

Rwanda • Ethnic Cleansing – During the Rwanda Revolution. The Hutu killed the

Tutsi (Tribe clans) – During Belgium colonization: divided the Hutu and

Tutsi– Belgium promoted Tutsi supremacy. Each person

had a ID card. Prevented movement between social class