World History

Unit 1AAbsolutism and Scientific Revolution

Ch.5 and 6.1

5.1

Absolutism• every aspect• Divine Right- represent God

Why?• Decline of feudalism• World was crazy• Fear of God

Spain

Isabella & Ferdinand Spanish InquisitionUnited Spain

Charles V (Hapsburg)GrandsonGermany (Holy Roman Empire)Catholic

Phillip IICrazy CatholicEl EscorialSpanish Armada

Spain

ArtEl Greco- Catholic FaithVelazquez- MonarchyMiguel de Cervantes- Don Quixote

Modern European Novel

SpainProblems

Economic- inflationtax on poorDutch- Revolt Protestant vs. Catholic William of Orange

Flood Gates United Provinces of Netherlands(Republic)EnglandDefeat of ArmadaTried to kill Elizabeth I

France

Bourbon FamilyHenry IV- Henry of Navarre Protestant “Paris is Worth a Mass”

Louis XIII & Cardinal Richelieu (minister)30 Year War (won)Weakened Nobles Edict of Nantes

France

Louis XIV & Cardinal Mazarin 5yr old, “Boy King” The Fronde The “Sun King” “I am the State” Got rid of Edict of Nantes Weakened Nobles Debt, Abuse of Power Lost War of Spanish Succession (Eng/HRE)

Versailles

LavishGoldFountainsApolloGardensSpy on NoblesGlorify King

Austria

Hapsburgs

Maria Theresa (Charles VI daughter)War of Austrian Succession (Silesia)

Prussia attacked, won war lost SilesiaIncrease ArmyCatholicDecrease power of Nobility7 years War- lost

Prussia

HohenzallernsFrederick William I

Great ElectorStanding ArmyPermanent taxSoldier KingMilitary SocietyJunkers-land owning nobility

Prussia

Frederick II (The Great)practicalatheistreligious tolerancelegal reformforeign affairs

Russia

Ivan IV (The Terrible)1533Csar/Tsar (Ceasar)added landcode of lawsboyarssecret police

Russia

Peter the Great (Romanov)Grand EmbassyChurch under

statewesternizearmynavylower class loyalreduced

landowners power

St. PetersburgClothesEducationPotatoWaterway for tradenewspaper

Russia

Catherine the Greatschool for girlsincrease size of Russia

England

• Elizabeth IRenaissanceRestored Anglican ChurchDebtJames I (Cousin, King of Scotland)

Charles I*James I son*Asked parliament for $*NO*Got rid of parliament*Recalled parliament*Petition of Rights– Due cause– No quartering of soldiers– Signed it, got money, then ignored it*Forced Anglican Church on Puritans*Presbyterians (Scotland) got army

Civil War

• Charles fled• Royalists (Cavaliers) support King• Roundheads, Parliament, Puritans wanted King out• Oliver Cromwell led Roundheads and won• Beheaded Charles I• Cromwell became dictator• Got rid of fun, killed Irish• Died

The Restoration of Charles II

• 1660• Fun• Habeas Corpus• Heir was a Catholic= James, brother• 1st political parties emerge• Whigs – no blood line• Tories – James and blood line• James becomes King

The Glorious Revolution

• James was Catholic King• Had Protestant daughter, Mary• Mary was married to William of Orange from the

Netherlands• Parliament brought W & M to England• Bloodless overthrow of James • James left• It was “Glorious” to have a Protestant King & Queen

back

Constitutional Monarchy

• Laws limit the monarch’s power• English Bill of Rights• Cabinet• Prime Minister- Robert Walpole

30 Years War

• Religious Conflict• Increased power of France• Weakening of Spain & Austria• Devastation of Germany (HRE)• Religion, land and power among ruling

families

Scientific Revolution

• Heliocentric- Copernicus• Francis Bacon- reason from abstract theories• Isaac Newton-gravity, clock• Scientific Method-Observe, question,

hypothesis, experimentation, conclusion• Improvements in medicine and scientific

instruments

Unit 1B

The EnlightenmentChapter 6.2 & 6.3

The Enlightenment in Europe

• Scientific Revolution• Age of Reason– Emphasis reason and thought

Two Views on Government

Thomas Hobbes• Leviathon• Social contract• Needed Absolute monarchy

John Locke• Two Treatises of Government• Government by consent• Natural Rights• Universal Moral Law

Philosophes

• Thinkers of new ideas• Use reason • Use logic• Progress• Liberty

Voltaire

• Candide• Freedom of religion• Freedom of Speech• “I disapprove of what you say but I defend you

to the death your right to say it”

Montesquieu

• On the Spirit of Laws• Separation of powers• Three branches of government• Checks & balances• Power should be a check to power

Rousseau

• The Social Contract• Direct democracy (Anarchy)• All people are equal• Civilization corrupts

Beccaria

• On Crime and Punishment• Criminal justice• NO death penalty• No torture• Punishment should fit the crime

Women

Mary Wollstonecraft• Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792)• Women need education

Marie Lavosiour• Helped her husband

Emilie Chatelet• Translated Newton to french

Impact of the Enlightenment

Three Long Term Effects• Belief in Progress- end slavery, prison reform• More Secular Outlook- Deism, tolerance• Importance of the Individual- Methodist,

Adam Smith (Capitalism, Invisible Hand)

Spread of Enlightenment

• Salons• Diderot• Books• Letters• Visits (William Penn, The United Nations)• Middle Class develop

Art

Baroque• Grand, ornate, overwhelming emotion• Bach, Handel

Rococo• Over the top elaboration• Versailles

Neoclassical• Order, balance, simple elegance, architecture, classic

Roman and Greek

Music

• Hayden- symphany• Mozart- operas• Beethoven- piano symphonies

Literature

• Novels• Vernacular• Plot, suspense• Robinson Crusoe

Enlightened Despots

• Rule fairly and just, absolute• Supports enlightened ideas• No intention of giving up power• Make the country and himself stronger

Frederick the Great

• Prussia• Abolish torture• Decrease censorship

Joseph II

• Austria• Freedom of the press• Freedom to worship• Abolished serfdom

Catherine the Great

• Russia• School for girls