WORLD HERITAGE SITES

WORLD HERITAGE SITES

2 Year ProgramSenior students2-nd Semester

Professor: Lyudmila Kudrevatykh

What is World Heritage Site?

A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site such as a forest, mountain, lake, desert, monument, building, complex, or city that is on the list ...en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Heritage_Site

A list of areas designated as being of global importance for conservation and study

UNESCO = United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization

What is included in the World Heritage List?

The World Heritage List includes 890 properties forming part of the cultural and natural heritage which the World Heritage Committee (WHC) considers as having outstanding universal value.

689 cultural 176 natural 25 mixed properties

in 148 States Parties that have ratifiedthe World Heritage Convention.

What is States Parties?

States Parties are countries which have adhered to the World Heritage Convention.

They agree to identify and nominate properties on their national territory to be considered for inscription on the World Heritage List.

They give details of how a property is protected and provide a management plan for its upkeep.

They are expected to protect the World Heritage values of the properties inscribed and are encouraged to report periodically on their condition.

World Heritage Committee

The World Heritage Committee meets once a year, It consists of representatives from 21 of the States

Parties to the Convention elected by their General Assembly.

The 21 States Parties of the current World Heritage Committee are the following:

Australia, Bahrain, Barbados, Brazil, Cambodia, China, Egypt, Estonia,Ethiopia, France, Iraq, Jordan,Mali, Mexico, Nigeria, Russian Federation,South Africa, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, United Arab Emirates

World Heritage Committee Functions: is responsible for the implementation of the World Heritage

Convention, defines the use of the World Heritage Fund allocates financial assistance upon requests from States

Parties. has the final say on whether a property is inscribed on the

World Heritage List. can also defer its decision and request further information on

properties from the States Parties. examines reports on the state of conservation of inscribed

properties asks States Parties to take action when properties are not

being properly managed. also decides on the inscription or deletion of properties on

the List of World Heritage in Danger.

UNESCO World Heritage List

UNESCO World Heritage Centre helps protect and preserve the world's greatest landmarks

http://whc.unesco.org/en/list

UNESCO World Heritage List (cont)

Afghanistan 2Belarus 4 Cameroon 1 Cyprus 3Albania 2 Belgium 10 Canada 15 Czech Republic 12

Algeria 7 Belize 1 Cape Verde 1 DR the Congo 5

Andorra 1 Benin 1 Central African Republic 1

Argentina 8 Bolivia 6 Chile 5 Denmark 4Armenia 3 Bosnia and Herzegovina 2 China 38

Dominica 1Australia 17 Botswana 1 Colombia 6 Dominican Rpbl 1Austria 8 Brazil 17 Costa Rica 3 Ecuador 4Azerbaijan 2 Bulgaria 9 Côte d'Ivoire 3 Egypt 7Bahrain 1 Burkina Faso 1 Croatia 7 El Salvador 1Bangladesh 3 Cambodia 2 Cuba 9 Estonia 2


Ethiopia 8 Honduras 2 Kazakhstan 3 Mali 4Finland 7 Hungary 8 Kenya 4 Malta 3France 33 Iceland 2 Korea 10 Mauritania 2Gabon 1 India 27 Kyrgyzstan 1 Mauritius 2Gambia 2 Indonesia 7 Lao 2 Mexico 29Georgia 3 Iran 10 Latvia 2 Moldova 1Germany 33 Iraq 3 Lebanon 5 Mongolia 2Ghana 2 Ireland 2 Libyan AJ 5 Montenegro 2Greece 17 Israel 6 Lithuania 4 Morocco 8Guatemala 3 Italy 44 Luxembourg 1

Mozambique 1Guinea 1Japan 14 Madagascar 3 Namibia 1Haiti 1 Jerusalem 1 Malawi 2 Nepal 4Holy See 2 Jordan 3 Malaysia 3 Netherlands 8


New Zealand 3 Portugal 13 South Africa 8Nicaragua 1 Romania 7 Spain 41Niger 1 Russian Federation 23 Sri Lanka 7Nigeria 2 Saint Kitts and Nevis 1 Sudan 1Norway 7 Saint Lucia 1 Suriname 2Oman 4 San Marino 1 Sweden 14Pakistan 6 Saudi Arabia 1 Switzerland 10Panama 5 Senegal 5 Syrian Arab Republic 5Papua New Guinea 1 Serbia 4 Tanzania, 7Paraguay 1 Seychelles 2 Thailand 5Peru 11 Slovakia 7 Rpbl of Macedonia 1

Philippines 5 Slovenia 1 Togo 1Poland 13 Solomon Islands 1 Tunisia 8


Turkey 9 Zimbabwe 5

Turkmenistan 3

Uganda 3 Countries with major WHSs:

Ukraine 4 1. Italy 44

UK 29 2. Spain 41

USA 20 3. China 38

Uruguay 1 4. France 33

Uzbekistan 4 5. Germany 33

Vanuatu 1 6. Mexico 29

Venezuela 3 7. UK 28

Viet Nam 5 8. India 27

Yemen 4 9. Russia 23

Zambia 1 10. USA 20

A list of countries recommended for presentations:

1. Italy 11. Japan

2. Spain 12. Canada

3. China 13. Greece

4. France 14. Brazil

5. Germany 15. Australia

6. Mexico 16. Austria

7. UK 17. New Zealand

8. India 18. Cambodia

9. Russia 19. Korea

10. USA 20. Sweden

Power Point Arrangement Tips:Don’t write entire presentation text on a slideDon’t read from the slidesPresent an outlineChoose 24 font size, sans-serif type (Arial)Use contrasting colorsChoose white or light colored slide backgroundsInclude photographs, pictures, chartsAvoid video or make it really shortDon’t get too technicalDon’t apologize for errors – proofread!Use the microphoneSummarize infoSend thanks

Presentation Methods! presentation a period!

1. Presentation process [10 – 15 minutes]Present a country – its location, size, population

number, population density, etc.Present a WHS – its location, description, story,

historical and cultural roots, cultural connections (with famous artists, writers, scholars, composers, etc.)

2. Get feedback [5 – 10 minutes]Ask questions on the subject of your presentationPrepare crosswords, puzzles, quizzes

Learning Activities

1. Individual work: (up to 15 minutes)

Listen to the presentation carefully Make notes2. Classroom activity: (up to 10 minutes)

Participate in feedback (answer the questions…) Make your knowledge active 3. Group work: (up to 20 – 25 minutes)

Participate in a communicative game – discussion “Going on a trip, visiting WHSs, talking to a travel agent about the agenda and the Sites”

Presenters will help with the details

Course Methods

Preview of a WHS

Listen to a presentation

Do feedback

Speak on communicative situations

Hand-in materials:

Individual home work

Classroom activity

Individual or pair-work in class

Pair- or group-work in class

1. Presentation papers2. CDs

Lesson Plan

1. Course preview

2. World Heritage Sites in the following countries: Italy

3. WHSs: Italy (cont)

4. WHSs: Spain

5. WHSs: Spain (cont)

6. WHSs: China

7. WHSs: France

8. WHSs: Germany

9. Midterm

Lesson Plan (cont)

10. WHSs: UK

11. WHSs: India

12. WHSs: Russia

13. WHSs: USA

14. WHSs: Japan

15. WHSs: Canada

16. WHSs: Greece

17. WHSs: Australia

18. Final test

Requirements and Grading

For Midterm and Final Tests the following is adjusted:

Attendance (presence in class) – 25%Participation (classroom activity, homework, test

papers) – 25%Midterm test – 25%Final test – 25%

Moscow’s KremlinThe fortified townBuilt in 1147A cultural centerThe seat of the RussianGovernment

The historical, spiritual and political heart of Moscow

A self contained city with a multitude of palaces, armories, and churches

Sites of the Kremlin: Spasskaya (Savior’s) Tower

Built in 1491; 67.3 meters tall the Italian architect Pietro Antonio Solario; the main official entrance to the Kremlin;1625, a clock was added (Christopher Galloway, Englishman);blue face, silver stars, a full and crescent moon;17 Arabic numerals,

Old Church Slavonic letters, in goldsince1996, the clock has played the tune of the Russian national

anthem.

Sites of the Kremlin: Vodozvodnaya Tower

Corner Water Pump TowerBuilt in 1488;almost 59 meters tall;the first tower in all of Moscow to draw up water from the river andto supply the Kremlin palaces and gardens

Cathedral of the Assumption

oldest and most important church;Built in 1326 by Ivan Kalita;Replaced still older structures (12th and 13th Centuries)Russia's central church for more than 400 years;

Patriarch's PalaceBuilt in 1640;developed from the Metropolitan's Estate founded on the same site in the early 14th century;In 1589 the estate was turned into the Patriarch's Court;the first Patriarch of Moscow took up residence

there;

The Terem Palace

constructed between 1499 and1508 by the Italian architectAlevisio Novi;served as the Imperial residenceUntil 1712 (St.Petersburg)

The Tsar Bell

6.14 meters in height, 6.6 meters in diameter weighs some 200 tons;the largest bell in the world;the first version (130 tons) – 1655;fell to the ground;shattered in the fire of 1701;1734 – 1735, a second larger bell built by Ivan

Motorinand nearly 200 craftsmen;1737, a great fire in the Kremlin destroyed the Bell

the Tsar Cannon

aws cast in 1586 by

the foundry man Andrei Chokhov;the largest canons ever made;5.34 meters long, weighs an impressive 40 tonshas an incredible caliber of 890 mmto defend the Kremlin's Savior Gate;

http://www.moscow-taxi.com/sightseeing/kremlin/index.asp

Red Square: St. Basil's Cathedral

Built between 1555 and 1561;By the architect Postnik Yakovlev,(blinded);to commemorate Ivan the Terrible's military campaignagainst the Tartar Mongols in 1552;

GUM – Central Department Store

Built between 1890 and 1893 by Alexander Pomerantsevburnt down in 1825, restored;The original hall contained

some 1,200 separate shops;

http://www.moscow-taxi.com/sightseeing/red-square/index.asp

La Grand-Place, Brussels, BelgiumDating mainly from the late 17th centuryThe square measures 68 by 110 meters

(223 by 360 ft)Every two years in August, an enormous "flower carpet" is set up in the Grand Place for a few daysA million colourful begonias are set up The first flower carpet was made

in 1971

La Grand-Place, Brussels, Belgium

Angkor, Cambodia

Stretching over some 400 km2, including forested area,Angkor Archaeological Park remains of the different capitals of the Khmer Empire, from the 9th to the 15th C

Temple of Angkor Wat

Acropolis, Athens, GreeceAcropolis means "highest city" in Greek. For purposes of defensebecame the nuclei of large citiesuniversal symbols of the

classical spirit the greatest architectural

and artistic complex

Acropolis, Athens, Greece

the Parthenon templea temple of the Greek goddess Athenaconsidered the protectorconstruction began in 447 BC completed in 438 BC the most important surviving

building of Classical Greece,

Olympia, Greece 10th century B.C., Olympia became a centrefor the worship of Zeus the remains of all the sportsstructures erected for the Olympic Games every four years beginning in 776 B.C.

running events, boxing, wrestling, etc. Olympia-Zeus Temple

Coroebus, a cook from the city of Elis, was the first Olympic champion.

A national shrine of the Greekscontained many treasures of Greek art: as temples,

monuments, altars, theaters, statues

Taj Mahal, Agra, India

a mausoleum located in Agrabuilt by Mughal emperor Shah Jahan between 1631 and

1648 in memory of his favorite wife

Taj Mahal, Agra, India

one of the eight wonders of the world is built entirely of white marbleThe Taj seems to glow in the light of the full moon On a foggy morning, the Taj looks as if suspended when viewed from across the Jamuna river.

Taj Mahal Inside Look

Mountain Railways of India

includes three railwaysOpened in 1881 the latest technology of the timeare still fully operational

Rome, Italy

Founded in 753 BCfirst the centre of the Roman Empire the capital of the Christian world in the 4th centuryincludes some of the major monuments of antiquity

Rome, Italy the Romans took power over their own city and ruled themselves. then instead had a council known as the ‘Senate’ – the 'Roman Republic' The Roman Republic was a very successful government. It lasted from 510 BC until 23 BCalmost 500 years. Julius

CaesarRome’s most famous general and politician in Egypt he met the famous Cleopatrawas infamously murdered in the senate in Rome a month of the year is still named after him - July Shakespeare wrote a famous play called Julius Caesar about

his famous murder

Colosseum (Coliseum), Rome, ItalyThe Coliseum, known as "Amphitheatre Flavio", built on

the order of the Imperator Vespasiano in the honour of the grandiosity of his empire, was inaugurated by his son, Tito, in 80 A.D. with celebrations 100 days long

For the opening, the arena space was filled with water for one of the most fantastic events – real sea battles reproducing great battles of the past.

Colosseum and GladiatorsThe gladiator fights were first introduced to Rome in 264

BC the sons of Junius Brutus paid honor to their father's

funeral by showing three pairs of gladiators fight. This ritual caught on and was preformed to honor

significant men. As the years passed the ceremonies became more

promoted and emperors began to present the games to symbolize their power.

The games in Rome are known today as the bloodiest exhibitions of public entertainment known to mankind.

Coliseum, Rome, Italy

What we see nowadays is just the skeleton of what was the greatest arena in the ancient world.

Three-fifths of the outer surrounding brick wall are missing.

In the Middle Ages, when no longer in use, the Colosseum was transformed into an enormous marble,

lead and iron quarry used by Popes to build Barberini Palace, Piazza Venezia and even St. Peter's(Vatican)

The Pantheon, Rome, ItalyThe original Pantheon was a rectangular temple built by

Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, son-in-law of Augustus, the first Roman emperor, as part of a district renewal plan in 27-25 BC.

Nowadays it is radically different than that original temple. The portico in front of the Pantheon is what remains of

Agrippa's original temple. The Pantheon contains the tombs of Rafael and of several

Italian Kings.Pantheon is a Greek word – "to honor all Gods."

Self-portrait, Raphael

Piazza del Duomo, Pisa, Italy

four masterpieces of medieval architecture from the 11th to the 14th centuryThe Leaning Tower of Pisa - the freestanding

bell towerhas 296 or 294 steps3.9 metres (12 ft 10 in) from where it would standif the tower were perfectly vertical

Pompeii, Italy

Pompeii was destroyed and completely buried during a long catastrophic eruption of the volcano Mount Vesuviusspanning two days on August 24th, 79 ADThe volcano collapsed higher roof-lines and buried Pompeii under 20 m (66 ft) of ash and pumice

Karl Brullov, The Last Day of Pompeii

City of Verona, Italy

founded in the 1st century B.C. preserved a remarkable number of

monuments from antiquityVerona is the setting of the story of Romeo and Juliet.

Hiroshima Peace Memorial, Japan

the first atomic bomb exploded on 6 August 1945Genbaku Dome was the only structure left standing in the

area the nuclear bomb 'Little Boy' was dropped on Hiroshima by

an American B-29 bomber, directly killing an estimated 80,000 people

By the end of the year, injury and radiation brought total casualties to 90,000-140,000

Shrines and Temples of Nikko, Japan

together with their natural surroundingshave for centuries been a sacred site known for its

architectural and decorative masterpiecesmany famous hot springs (onsen) in the area

Shiretoko, Japan

It provides an outstanding example of the interaction of marine and terrestrial ecosystems as well as extraordinary ecosystem productivity

is globally important for threatened seabirds and migratory birds

a number of salmonid species, and for marine mammals

Kakadu National Park, Australia

unique archaeological and ethnological reservehas been inhabited continuously for more than 40,000

yearsThe cave paintings, rock carvings and archaeological sites

record the skills and way of life of the region’s inhabitants, from the hunter-gatherers of prehistoric times to the Aboriginal people still living there

Shark Bay, Australia

vast sea-grass beds, which are the largest (4,800 km2) and richest in the world

dugong (‘sea cow’) population its stromatolites (colonies of algae which form hard, dome-shaped deposits and are among the oldest forms of life on earthShark Bay is also home to five species of endangered mammals.

Vienna, Austria

developed from early Celtic and Roman settlementsa leading European music centre: Johann Straussrich in architectural ensembles includes Baroque castles and gardenshome to a number of opera houses

Salzburg, Austria

owes much of its Baroque appearanceSalzburg’s most famous son, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart the city was the setting for parts of the musical and film

The Sound of Music

Dinosaur Provincial Park, Canada

contains about 35 species of dinosaur, dating back some 75 million years

more than 500 specimens have been removed and exhibited in museums across the globe

The Great Wall, China

In c. 220 B.C., under Qin Shi Huang, sections of earlier fortifications were joined together to form a united defense system against invasions from the north.

Construction continued up to the Ming dynasty (1368–1644), when the Great Wall became the world's largest military structure

the entire Great Wall, with all of its branches, stretches for 8,851.8 km (5,500.3 mi).

The Forbidden City, China

Seat of supreme power for over five centuries (1416-1911)The Imperial Palace of the Qing Dynasty in Shenyang

consists of 114 buildings constructed between 1625–26 and 1783

nearly 10,000 rooms contain furniture and works of art It now houses the Palace Museum

Banks of the Seine, Paris37 bridges over the River Seine just within ParisThe Notre Dame is one of the eldest monuments: it's

construction dates from the 12th century. there are the two major museums: the Louvre and the Gare

d'OrsayThe Eiffel Tower , built for the 1897 world fair

WORLD HERITAGE SITES

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