WORLD HEALTH THREATS

AIM: WHAT DISEASES CAUSE THE MOST DEATHS ALONG THE DTM?

• DO NOW: Predict which kinds of diseases would be most prevalent for each of the following stages along the DTM • Stage 1&2• Stage 3&4• Stage 5

• SWBAT define the epidemiologic transition and identify the diseases correlated with stages of the DTM

• SWBAT identify the types of diffusion used to spread disease

• Evaluate whether stage 5 will see a resurgence of diseases

KEY TERMS

• Epidemic Transition: distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition • Pandemic: disease that occurs over a wide

geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the pop

STAGE 1: PESTILENCE AND FAMINE

• Infectious/Parasitic diseases=main causes of death• Ex: Black Plague/Bubonic Plague in the 1300s• 1/2 Europe’s population dies

Q: WHAT TYPE(S) OF DIFFUSION?

• Hearth: Kyrgyzstan • First it diffused to an Italian trading post when a

Tartar army attacked• Then, it diffused to Europe when Italians fled

carrying rat infested ships• In Europe it spread from the coast to inland

towns, and then to rural areas

STAGE 2: RECEDING PANDEMICS

• Industrial Revolution overall reduces disease rates• Improvements in sanitation, nutrition, medicine

• At first, though rates were especially high among poor people in the city• EX: Cholera • ½ million deaths in NYC in 1832

DR. SNOW MAPS CHOLERA

STAGE 3: DEGENERATIVE/HUMAN CREATED DISEASES

• Decrease in infectious deaths; increase in chronic disorders (usually from aging). • Cardiovascular diseases like heart attacks• Cancer

STAGE 4: DELAYED DEGENERATIVE DISEASE

• Major causes of death (cancer/ cardiovascular diseases) persist, but people live longer due to medical advancements • Cancer treatments • Bypass operations • Reduced tobacco use• Better diet

STAGE 5: REEMERGENCE OF INFECTIOUS/PARASITIC DISEASES

• Controversial! • Possible

reemergence due to• Evolution of

antibiotics • Antibiotic resistant

viruses

• Poverty• Improved Travel • Anti-vaxxers (recent

trend)

• “I would advise any new parent to roll their child on the floor of the New York subway” –Chris Mason, geneticist at Cornell

“NEW” INFECTIOUS DISEASES

• H1N1/Swine Flu• Global diffusion matched airline travel patterns • Hearth: Mexico

AIDS

• 90% of people living with HIV are in LDCs• Sub-Saharan Africa • 1/10th population, but 2/3rds of all HIV population