World Cultures

Mid Term Review

The Middle East

What were the Christian holy wars (aimed at recapturing the

Holy Land) called?

• Crusades

Why did Israel become a center of conflict after World War II?

• Jews wanted to create an independent state there

What Middle Eastern people establish a great empire along

the Tigris and Euphrates River Valley?

• Sumerians

What did Muhammad write at the request of the Allah?

• Koran

What does OPEC stand for?

• Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries

What religion do 90% of Middle Easterners follow?

• Islam

What resource has made the Persian Gulf important?

• Oil

Which country held American diplomats hostage for 444 days

in 1979?

• Iran

What is Zionism?

The international movement for the establishment of a Jewish national community in Palestine and later for the support of modern Israel.

What two groups fought fiercely over the Holy Land?

• Israelis and Palestinians

What area did the earliest of Middle East civilization settle? • The Fertile Crescent

What was the main goal of the PLO?

• Regain Palestinian territory and establish a Palestinian state

What led to the United States getting involved in the 1991

Persian Gulf War?

• Iraq invaded Kuwait

Why did the French and the British fight over Egypt for in

the 1880s?

Both countries wanted to build a canal across the Suez

What was the result of the United States and the Soviet

Union supplying arms and aid to the Middle East for over

forty years?

•   The militaries of these countries were strengthened, but the countries were unstable

What are basic elements of Christianity?

     Jesus was the messiah, Jesus was the son of God, Belief in teachings of Jesus

What are basic elements of Judaism?

     Passover, religion of Hebrews, Jews were the chosen people

What are basic elements of Islam?

•   The Five Pillars, the Koran, Praying towards the city of Mecca

China

What was the mandate of heaven said to explain?

• The dynastic cycle

What did one have to do in order to become a government official in traditional China?

• Pass a series of strenuous exams

What was the cause of the 1911 Chinese Civil War?

•    China declared itself a republic with no set form of government

What German philosopher was said to inspire Mao Zedong?

• Karl Marx

Who is the founder of Daoism?

     Lao-zi

What was the result of the Opium Wars?

    China was forced into a series of unequal treaties with European nations

What modern policy has China enacted to help solve the

overpopulation problem?

• One child policy

How were women treated in traditional China?

     Inferior to men

How did traditional Chinese rulers come into power?

•    Mandate of Heaven

Who was the first leader in the Republic of China?

• Dr. Sun Yatsen

What are major themes of Confucianism?

    Inner attitude of being humane and loving

Where do most people live in China?

• Eastern third of the country

What is calligraphy?

• The art of writing with a brush and ink

What historical structure was built in China in the earlier

part of civilization?

   The Great Wall

Japan

What is the main physical feature in Japan?

• Mountains

What is the major religion of Japan today?

    Combination of Buddhism and Shinto

How was a person’s social class determined during the Tokugawa shogunate?

•    Heredity

What was the main problem that the Japanese had with

Shinto?      Did not give answers to questions about

life and death

What is Japan’s government today?

•      Constitutional Monarchy

How did the majority of Japanese feel about Americans

in the 1800s?

.      Americans were a threat to their culture

What natural occurrence does Japan experience many of?

    Earthquakes

After what incident did Japan finally surrender during World

War II?

•     Bombing of Nagasaki

What was the main goal of the Allies after WWII?

      Make sure Japan would never threaten world peace again

Geography

What does interdependence mean?

      Depending on other countries for goods, resources, and knowledge

 

What are physical features?

•      natural elements of the environment

What are political features?

     Boundaries made by humans

What is culture?

      All things that make up a people’s way of life

 

How does religion strengthen society?

• Teaches values that all people accept

What is ethnocentrism?

     Judging other cultures by standards of one’s own culture

How have people used the environment over the years?

    People have adapted to and changed the environment in which they live

What is westernization?

• The adoption of western cultures