ik tk1zlo5 E Z 7 CI 44

Grade A Environmental Impact Assessment Certificate No.0224

SUMMARY ENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENT REPORT

FOR THE WATERWAY REGULATION PROJECTIN THE LOWER XIJIANG RIVER,

GUANGDONG PROVINCE, P.R. CHINA

(WORLD BANK LOAN PROJECT)

SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTE OF PEARL RIVERWATER RESOURCES PROTECTION

November 1997

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Head of Institute

Wu Yadi (Senior engineer of environmental management)

Deputy Head of Institute

Li Xueling (Senior engineer of environmental science)

Luo Shusong (Senior engineer of chemical engineering)

Deputy Chief Engineer

Wu Jianzhong (Senior engineer of chemistry)

Technical Advisors:

Yan Lianhe (Professor of agriculture and hydrology)

Lin Fangrong (Professor of chemistry)

Wu Qianzhao (Senior engineer of environmental science)

Technical Responsible:

Li Xueling

Manager of Project:

Luo Chengping (Engineer of environmental assessment)

Report Preparer:

Luo Chengping Liu Xinyuan Huang Aizhu

Lin Weihua Chen Yubo Zhu Yuansheng

Wu Zhijun

Monitoring Institution

Pearl River Basin Water Environment Monitoring Center

2

Table of Contents

1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Objectives and Origins

1.2 Basis for the Report Preparation

1.3 Grade, Scope and Standards of Assessment

1.4 Working Procedure and Methods

2 Description of the Project

2.1 Location of the Waterway

2.2 Existing Maintenance Dimensions of the Waterway2.3 Design Maintenance Dimensions for the Waterway Regulation

2.4 Main Engineerings

2.5 Project Budget and Investment Arrangement

3 Description of Current Environmental Situations

3.1 Physical Environment and Biological Resources

3.2 Economic Development and Living Quality

3.3 Main Facilities and Constructions along the Waterway

3.4 Monitoring and Assessment of Existing Environmental Quality

3.5 Investigation and Analysis of Ship Pollutants

3.6 Environmental Protection Targets

4 Environmental Impact Prediction and Analysis and Mitigation Measures

4.1 Environmental Impact during Construction Stage and Mitigation Measures

4.2 Environmental Impact during Operation Stage and Mitigation Measures

4.3 Socio-Economic Environmental Impact Assessment

5 Project Alternatives

5.1 Alternatives for Liansharong Waterway Regulation Project

5.2 Alternatives for Xijiang Sea-going Waterway Regulation Project

3

6 Environmental Management, Monitoring & Training

6.1 Environmental Management Organizations

6.2 Environmental Monitoring Plan

6.3 Personnel Training

7 Public Participation

7.1 Ways for Public Participation

7.2 Workshops and Opinions

7.3 Questionnaire Investigations

7.4 Bulletin in newspaper7.5 Response to Public Opinions

8 Analysis of Environmental and Economical Benefits and Costs

S. I Investment of the Project

8.2 Social Benefit of the Project

8.3 Environmental Loss and Environmental Protection Investment

8.4 Environmental Benefit

8.5 Environmental and Economic Cost-Benefit Analysis

9 Conclusions and Suggestions

9.1 Conclusions

9.2 Suggestions

4

1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Objectives and Origins

The waterway regulation project for the lower Xijiang river in Guangdong provinceconsists of two parts: the seagoing waterway of the lower Xijiang river (from Zhaoqing toHutiaomen), and its branch Liansharong waterway (from Nanhua to Lianhuashan), with the

existing maintenance standards being 1,000 dwt and 500 dwt respectively.

Pertinent departments in Guangdong province commenced the preparatory work of theproject from 1994, and the feasibility studies for the waterway regulation projects of thelower Xijiang river and Liansharong waterway had been fulfilled in sequence. In May of1995, Environmental Assessment Report for Zhaoqing-Hutiaomen Waterway RegulationProject in the Lower Xijiang River (2nd phase) was completed by the Scientific Institute ofPearl River Water Resource Protection, and was approved by Guangdong ProvincialEnvironmental Protection Bureau.

In March of 1996, the project put forward the application for the World Bank loan.Based on the negotiation memorandum formulated between the World Bank preparatorygroup and Chinese side, Guangdong Provincial Waterway Bureau in April of 1996commissioned the Scientific Institute of Pearl River Water Resources Protection to carry outenvironmental impact assessment work for Liansharong waterway regulation project, and tosupplement and improve the Environmental Assessment Report for Zhaoqing-HutiaomenWaterway Regulation Project in the lower Xijiang River based on the requirement of WorldBank, which aims to mitigate the adverse environmental effects arising from the project, andto guide the environmental protection design and to satisfy the requirement of World Bankon the environmental protection.

The objectives to prepare the environmental assessment report for the proposed projectinclude: identifying environmental effects, putting forward environmental protectionmeasures, supplementing environmental monitoring plan, answering the main environmentalconcerns by public and working out environmental action plan.

1.2 Basis for the Report Preparation

(1) Commission Letter of Environmental Impact Assessment issued by GuangdongProvincial Waterway Bureau (the first party), and Technical Service Contract on theEnvironmental Impact Assessment Work for Zhaoqing-Hutiaomen and Liansharong

5

Waterways Regulation Project in the Lower Xijiang River signed by Guangdong Provincial

Waterway Bureau and the Scientific Institute of Pearl River Water Resources Protection (the

second party).

(2) TOR of Environmental Impact Assessment of Waterway Regulation Project for the

Lower Xijiang River (World Bank loan project), prepared by Scientific Institute of Pearl

River Water Resources Protection.

(3) Reply Correspondence of Review Opinions on the TOR of Environmental Impact

Assessment for Waterway Regulation Project in the Lower Xijiang River (World Bank loan

project) issued by National Environmental Protection Agency, and its annex Review

Opinions on the TOR of Environmental Impact Assessment for Waterway Regulation

Project in the Lower Xijiang River (World Bank loan project).

(4) The First Screening Group of the World Bank, Memorandum on the Inland

Waterway Project in Guangdong Province of China (1996.4.30-5.5), and its Appendix No.3

Environmental Documents to be Submitted to World Bank before 1996.8.30.

(5) The Second Screening Group of the World Bank, Memorandum on the Inland

Waterway Project in Guangdong Province of China (1996.5.20-5.21).

(6) Guangdong Provincial Environmental Protection Bureau, Reply Correspondence on

the Assessment Standards of Environmental Impact Assessment of Waterway Regulation

Project in the Lower Xijiang River (World Bank loan project).

1.3 Grade, Scope and Standards of Assessment

1.3.1 Grade of Assessment

According to the classification principle specified in the World Bank's Environmental

Assessment Guidelines (OD4.01), the environmental assessment grade of this project is

classified as Class A.

1.3.2 Scope of Assessment

(1) The extent of water environmental assessment: the whole regulation waterway, that

is, Zhaoqing-Hutiaomen waterway and Liansharong waterway (Nanhua-Lianhuashan).

(2) The extent of assessment of noise, vibration and terrestrial plants: the regions within

the distance of 200 m away from both banks of the waterway.

6

1.4 Working Procedure and NMethods

The working procedure of this assessment is shown in Figure 1. 1.

laccept co'mmisssuon

|negotiation with preparation group of World Bank|

|field surev, data collection and consultation|

r |~~~~~~preparation o O environmental quality investigation,data collection, and chemical analysis

r~eviwn approvall analysis of exsitingj ipbi atcpto

of TOR leinvironmental stat.us i I

impact prediction and analysis

anendment suDolement

|control or mitigation measures]

preparation of environmental action plan

preparation of EA repotsnmy

submit to review and approve

Figure 1-1 Working procedure of environmental impact assessment

2 Description of the Project

2.1 Location of the Waterway

The waterway in the lower Xijiang river refers to the seagoing waterway from Zhaoqing

to Hutiaomen in the western part of the Pearl River Delta, of which the section from

Zhaoqing to Baikingtou with a total length of 12; km is called as the lower reach section of

Xijiang river, and the section from Baikingtou to Hutiaomen (through Maxi channel) with a

total length of 45 km is called as Hutiaomen waterway.

Liansharong waterway, with a total length of 90 km, situates in the river network of

Pearl River Delta, which reaches Xizhiyang to the east and connects with the mainstream of

Xijiang river to the west, and is currently one of the important waterways from Guangzhou

to Pearl River Delta, the coastal areas in the west of Guangdong Province and the

mainstream of Xijiang river. (For details, see Figures 2-1, 2-2 and 2-3 in the EA report).

2.2 Existing Maintenance Dimensions of the Waterway (Tables 2.1 and 2.2)

Table 2.1 Existing maintenance dimensions of the waterway in lower Xijiang river

(Zhaoq ing-Hutiaomen)

*Length Maintenance dimensions {m}

Channel From To ((km) :Depth *Width Curvature

radius

Lower Xjjian.g R .. !iver .Zhaoi.ng (!nui iiao .45.0 2.5 80 _500

Lower Xijiang River Sixianjiao !Baiqingtou .78.0 .2.5 *50 *360

Hutiaomen Waterway *Baigingtou Hutiaomen *'45.0 .2.5 .50 *360

Table 2.2 Existing maintenance dimensions of Liansharong waterway

.*..-..------.... iLength .Maintenancc dimcnsions (m)... _.. _.... .. _ . _ ....... ........ ..... ...... . ......................................... _ . ............... ..Channel 'From .______ ~To ____ (kin) .Depth Width Bend radiusChanne Fro . .. __. _ -.Widt-h - - @*--'- ¢

anhuashan : L ianhuashan Batanwei 170 2.5 50 360................................... . ........ _.._ _-__--------------_ -- -t--~-*- - oor!8+--- -Shawan Batangywi IHuoshaotou ,24 0 ,2.5 ;50 ,360

Ronggui Huoshaotou *Nanhua 49.0 '2.5 50 *360

8

2.3 Design Maintenance Dimensions for the Waterway Regulation (Table 2.3)

Table 2.3 Design maintenance dimensions of the lower Xijiang river and

Liansharong waterway

Channel Width (mn) . Depth (.) .Curvature radius .(n)

Lower Xijiang River 1100 16 _1650Liansharong waterway .80 .4 .500

2.4 Main Engineerings (Tables 2.4 and 2.5)

The main engineerings include damming, dredging, reef blasting, bank protection

engineering, navigation marks and communication engineering (Tables 2.4 and 2.5). In

addition, 62.4 ha (936 mu) of land will be required by the project.

Table 2.4 Engineering volumes from the lower Xijiang river waterway regulationproject

Engineerings .Amount Length (m) 'Volumes ofIRemarks

'earthworks and::

*stonework.§ __... _. _. ..... _~ ._ ___ .......... ..........

Damming; 2 ,3 6 , 4.13XI 10'

Dredging 886.55 10' __ __..__ _Spit -cutting .3 !337.29 X 10' :Cutting at Hengkengkou, Nanzhen

_______________:and Gouweishan....... ........ ......... . ...... ......... . ,_dG-l_ .... .................... ._Reefsbiasting :12 3655 58.8 X 104 _._.

Bank protection .. 0. i 35.8 X 10'_ X________ _Navigation '107 '2 remote control centers, and 12

marks docks for operation ships

9

Table 2.5 Engineering volumes from Liansharong waterway regulation project

Engineerings Amount Length (m) Volumes of earthworks Remarks

:and stoneworks (m3 )

Damming 18 *5 100 14.70 x 10

Dredging 314.28 X 0.

Spit-cutting ,4 ''11.05 X 104 Cutting at Batangwei,

.Benshawei, Houshaotou and

* .~~~~~ErJijao_. __ . .... . _. . ..... .. ~_. __. 4.__ ...... ...... -________-------- . ...... .......... ........... . ... _ . __... .............. ___Reefs blasting _ 18 . _ 26.46 X IO0

Bank protection . 8,375 .15.32 x 10.............. I............................--- ------ ---------------. ....... ............. .... ................................ _._.... __._._...._ .__.. _._........ ______Navigation marks ,58 .2 remote control centers, and 12

'docks for operation ships

2.5 Project Budget and Investment Arrangement (see to Tables 2.6 and 2.7)

Table 2.6 The project budget

No. .Item *Amount.RMB (X __ Yuan) 'Corresponding to US$ (X -_._

1 _Pro.jet expense ',______ 80,583.24 j9,744.05

© Construction engineerin 9,571.86I® Purchase of eq_pment .1424.00 i172.19

2 lOther expense_ .13,393.83 .1,619.56

3 iExpense for land use i3,982.00 i481.50

4 iExpense reserved i29,404.22 '3,555.53

Total il27,363.29 i15,400.64

'The currency exchange rate assumes to be RMB 8.27/USS.

Table 2.7 Annual investment plan

iTotal i Ist fiscal year i2nd fiscal year i3rd fiscal year j4th fiscal year

investment . _*_*.'' ----- --... .------ --- -- -- --Ratio (%) 100 i°25 ii30 i30 i15

_~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- -- _. ---- --- - --*-!-- --'---'---- -- - - -- - --

RMB (X I04Yuan) t2736329 31,840.84 138,209.02 i38209.02 i19,104.51................ .._ . t._ .... _._._.___ ........... _..-....._ .Corresponding to USS(X 10 ) 15,400.64 3.860.16 i4,620.19 462019 12310.10

10

3 Description of Current EnvironmentalSituations

3.1 Physical Environment and Biological Resources

The project area situates in the alluvial plain region of Xijiang and Beijiang RiverDeltas, being of typical delta plain with the altitude of between 0.5-0.9 m. Base rocks aremainly composed by granite, conglomerate, sandstone, shale and argillite, which wereformed in different geological periods. Weathered crust is 3-4 m thick, with the thickestbeing 10-20 m. Soil types consist of artificial cumulous soil, paddy soil and krasnozem.

The project area is south to the Tropic of Cancer, with a typical subtropical marinemonsoon climate. The rainfall is abundant with mean annual rainfall of 1648.9 mm. It is richof heat, and mean annual temperature is 21.8 OC. Storms are highly concentrated (from Mayto October), and the region is seriously affected by typhoon (from May to October).

River networks intersect in the project area, and annual runoff is great. Yearlyalterations of runoff are small, but the distribution within the year is uneven. Ground water inthe shallow layer belongs to alluvial pore water with a depth of about 20-50 m, and that indeep layer belongs to pore water and crevice water between layers with a depth of about 105m. Most of ground water is potable.

The lower Xijiang river waterway suffers from the influence of irregular mixedsemidiurnal tide from the coastal region near the Pearl River Estuary. The tidal currentboundary in wet season is generally below the Hengmen station, while in dry season reachesup to Tianhe. The whole Liansharong waterway is affected by tide.

In the lower Xijiang river waterway, there are more silting sections than scouring

sections, and scouring takes place in the narrow sections or the sections with great flow, but

the overall trend is that silting dominates. However, in Liansharong waterway, scouringsections are more than silting sections, and the waterway is on the state of scouring.

Since the waterway is affected jointly by runoff and tidal flow, aquatic resources areabundant, and the waterway is an excellent fishery production area.

3.2 Economic Development and Living Quality

11

In terms of economic development, 20 counties (cities) under the administration of the

four municipalities of Yunfu, Zhaoqing, Foshan and Jianmen have direct relationship with

the lower Xijiang river waterway (Zhaoqing-Hutiaomen). The total land area of thesecounties (cities) is 3.44 X 104 km2 , and total population is 1,1 15.6 X 1IO persons (1994),

respectively accounting for 19.3% and 16.7% of those in Guangdong province.

Liansharong waterway traverses Shunde municipality and Panyu municipality. Totalland area of two municipalities is 2119.80 km2, and total population 182.82 X 104 persons,

respectively accounting for 1.19% and 2.73% of those in Guangdong province.

Main economic indexes in the area are summarized in Table 3.1.

Table 3.1 Main economic index in the regions related to the lower Xijiang riverwaterways in 1994

:'Domestic Production ! National Income (X x Total Industrial and Amount of Foreign(X le RMB) . I' RMB) . Agricultural TradeExport(X 10'

Production(X 10' USS)

.RMB) (Constant pncc.

of 1990)

Lower Xijiang River I 798.6 675.67 1473.80 41.40.ay

_ ...... _ ..... _ ..... __ .................................... ___* ............... ._.-.......__.__.

%ofthatin 19.1 20.78 22.2 8.8Guangdong Province

Liansharong 240.76 186.49 443.35 21.39Wate!ma.

% of that in 5.76 5.74 6.68 4.55

Guanedong Province __*.__

Since the economic reform and open-door policies in China, the export-oriented

economies in the Pearl River delta area have developed rapidly, especially in the eastern and

middle parts of the delta. With the growth of economy in the region, cultural and living

qualities are rising gradually, town or city planning tend to be rational, medical and

hygienic conditions become better and better day by day, educated level is enhanced steadily

and population quality has improved greatly (Table 3.2).

12

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3.3 Main Facilities and Constructions along the Waterway (Table 3.3)

Table 3.3 Main facilities and constructions along the waterway

Channel Bridges Cables .Water pipes Water gatesi Bank-protection: Water Harbours andacross nver. across river, works plans docks

. (Ieftight) .Lower Xijiang 14X') 28 0 94(2) (28.09+39.16) 4 /

River Waterway km _ _ . .

Liansharong 8(3) 27 3 77 (24.98+29.35) 9 12

Waterway km_

(1) including 3 bridges under construction and 7 bridges planed to be constructed.

(2) All are the water gates built along the branches on both sides of Xijiang river mainstream.

(3) Including I bridge planed to be constructed.

3.4 Monitoring and Assessment of Existing Environmental Quality

3.4.1 Water Quality Assessment

The historical data and the observed results show that in the lower Xijiang riverwaterway (Zhaoqing - Hutiaomen), water quality was fine in all sections other than Beijiesection in Jiangmen city where water pollution was relatively serious. Overall water quality

was within Class 1-2 standards of National Surface Water Quality Standards (GB3838-88),

and water quality in all water source reserves met the requirement.

All the observed results of the water source reserves within Liansharong waterwaysatisfied the requirement. Because of tidal effects, water quality in Lianhuashan waterway

and in Guanyinsha section of Shawan channel was worse in dry season and/or at rising tidethan in wet season and/or at falling tide. Liansharong waterway was apparently polluted with

oil-type substances, and the concentration of non-ionic ammonia in Lijiasha section

exceeded Class 3 quality standard.

The monitoring results of sediments from the lower Xijiang river waterway and

Liansharong waterway show that heavy metal contents in sediment were 1-2 orders of

magnitude lower than the maximum permissible levels of pollutants in agricultural

contaminated soils, and thus the sediment was suitable for agricultural utilization.

14

3.4.2 Acoustic Environmental Quality Assessment

Monitoring results of environmental noise level in daytime and at night, in Lianhuashan

town and Yongqi town along the shores of Liansharong waterway, showed that the

background noise levels in the residential areas of both towns were been within Class 2

standards of GB3096 (Environmental Noise Standards for Urban Regions).

3.5 Investigation and Analysis of Ship Pollutants

According to comparative survey and analysis, in 1995 there were 94,584 ships sailing

on Liansharong waterway, which resulted in a total of 748.59 tons of oil wastewater (of

which oil was 3.38 tons), 1,213.41 tons of domestic sewage, and 951.92 tons of garbage.

At present, oil wastewater from ships has become one of significant factors to pollute the

waterway waters.

3.6 Environmental Protection Targets

3.6.1 Water Quality

To ensure water quality in all water source sections within appropriate quality standards,

and to protect the water quality at 4 drinking water intakes along the lower Xijiang river and

at 9 drinking water intakes along Liansharong waterway.

3.6.2 Fishery Resources

To reduce the effects of construction activities on fishery resources, and to ensure the

restoration of fishery resources during the operation stage.

3.6.3 Acoustic Environment

To protect the four towns along the waterway, namely, Guangli, Shakou, Yongqi and

Lianhuashan, where there are densely populated areas.

3.6.4 Bank Protection

To ensure that flood level rise after the regulation will be within certain limits, and after

taking measures, the existing flood control standards can still be maintained.

15

4 Environmental Impact Prediction and Analysisand Mitigation Measures

4.1 Environmental Impact during Construction Stage and MitigationMeasures

4.1.1 Water Quality Impact and its countermeasures

4.1.1.1 Water Quality Impact of Suspended Substances (SS) from Dredging andMitigation Measures (L-S-R Waterway)

(1) Model Selection, Coefflcient Estimate, Model Verification and Computation

(For details. please refer to Environmental Assessment Report of Waterway RegulationProject for the Lower Xijiang River, Guangdong Province)

(2) Simulation Result Analysis and Assessment

Lijiasha section is chosen as the key assessment section. Impact of SS from dredgingduring the construction stage are predicted for the three construction points: Banshawei,Daliangcongkou and Huoshaotou within the Lijiasha section.

1) At Banshawei, SS from dredging, at rising tide, has a maximum impact range of 3.6km. Within this range, the incremental value of SS content is between 1.00 - 11.41 mg/L,with the scope of exceeding the assessment standard being limited in a small area of 400 mlong and 50 m wide. At falling tide, the range with the incremental value of SS content beingover 1.2 mg/L is about 1200 m, and there is no exceeding standard area (Table 4. 1).

2) At Dailiangcongkou, the maximum impact range at rising tide may reach as large as4.2 km around the construction point. The increment of SS content is between 0.5 - 22.4mg/L. The maximum value occurs around the dredging point. The range of exceeding theassessment standard is 1.6 km long and 150 m wide. At falling tide, the increment of SScontent is between 1.5 - 14.99 mg/L in 4.2 km-long section. The area of exceeding theassessment standard is about 1,000 m X 100 m (Table 4.1).

3) At Houshaotou, the maximum impact scope at rising tide may reach as large as 1.2km, with maximum increment being about 17.93 mg/L, and the range of exceeding theassessment standard is 500 m X 50 m. At falling tide, the maximum impact scope may

16

reach as large as 1.8 km, with maximum increment being about 11.99 mg/L. and the range ofexceeding the assessment standard is about 200 m X 50 m. (Table 4. la).

Table 4.1a Summary of water quality simulation results (SS)

Stage Point Tide Max Incremental Range of exceeding Scope with incremental value of

:value (mg/L.) statndards (length X width) .SS >1 0 mgiL. (km)

.Banshawei 'Rising tide .11.41 0 400 X 500 .3 6

Fallinq tide .7 64 0 1.2_~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ . . .__ . . ....... ... .._.5._ .__ .... . .. . .. . .....

Constntction Dailian!ion; .Rlai tide *22 41 .1600 X 50 .42

______________Fallin tide .14.99 1000 X 100 4.2._ __ .......... __. _ _ .............................................. _. .___:.__ __.._ __._._.___

Houshaoou -Rising.;tide.17_93 .500 X 50 1.2

MaIling tideh 1.99 200 X 50 I.S

Operation bDailiangyong :Rising !0.242 to i

excavating. The following suggestions are put forward:

(D It is best to execute shore-excavating engineering on land;(2) Around the operation place of shoal-cutting, dike for working and grid area for

lower speed should be established;

© Waste earth should be properly disposed.

3) Construction activities should be stopped when the concentration of SS exceeds

controlling standard (about 2 hours).

4.1.1.2 Impacts of Saline Intrusion

(1) Model Selection, Coefficient Estimate, Model Verification and Computation

(For details, please refer to Environmental Assessment Report of Waterway Regulation

Project for the Lower Xijiang River, Guangdong Province)

(2) Simulation Result Analysis and Assessment

Results of computation are listed in Tab 4.1b. As shown in the table, the distance of

saline intrusion after the construction is only 6m increase, therefore the Impact is negligible.

Tab 4. lb List of parameter boundary, condition and results of computation

Phase Before the After the

construction construction

Parameter E"(m3 /s) 296 296

U(m/s) 0.46 0.51

Boundary Xipaotai 2.79 2.79

condition of Hengshan 0.03 0.03

chlorinity (10-3 ) _Distance of Saline intrusion 16346 16352

(2.5x1o4)

(3) Countermeasure

Water quality monitoring after the completion of this project should be strengthened.

4.1.2 Impact on Fishery Resource and Mitigation Measures

18

The construction activities, such as reef blasting and dredging, would disrupt aquatic

organisms, especially fishery resources. Since there exist no spawning fields for migratory or

semi-migratory fish in the project waterways, the project would have no significant impact

on migratory fish. However, the waterway is the migration route for fish, thus construction

period should avoid the migratory season. Reef blasting would probably damage some food

organisms, and kill some fish which migrate through the engineering sections, but such

impact would not be great because of the low fishery production and lack of economic

fishery resources currently within the Liansharong waterway. Of course, the project

developer should coordinate and negotiate with the fishery administrative department as

early as possible, so as to formulate jointly a construction scheme which would minimize the

loss of fishery resources. After the completion of construction, fishery multiplication should

be conducted.

4.1.3 Noise Impact from Construction Machines and Mitigation Measures

Noise Impact arising from the operation of construction machines is temporary.

Furthermore, since most sections in the project waterway traverse the countryside with less

population, noise impact will be substantially small, given that rational working hours be

chosen.

4.1.4 Impact of Reef Blasting Shock Waves on Nearby Constructions and Mitigation

Measures

Reef blasting would produce strong shock waves which would have some impact on thebanks, bridges, cross-river cables and other nearby constructions. Therefore, the blastingmethod using small doses of explosives should be applied in the blasting, and in the sectionswhere base rock was heavily weathered, reefs should be removed with mechanical methods.

4.1.5 Environmental Impact of Waste Earth and Dredged Materials Dumping and

Mitigation Measures

Waste earth and dredged materials arising from the construction works would bedisposed in the following ways: Dredged materials from Shawan waterway will be dumpedto the area around Daiwu shoal; those from other sections dumped to Jiang'ou dumpingground; waste earth and materials from reef blasting will be dumped to nearby deeps alongthe shores of dangerous sections so as to protect the levees and the ait. Since contents ofheavy metals in sediments are low (within the standard of Pollutant Control Standards of

Contaminated Agricultural Soil), dumping will have no much impact on the dumping

19

grounds. Dumping would result in muddy water for short time, so that dumping should be

conducted as deep as possible in order to prevent waste earth from diffusing in large scale.

4.1.6 Impact of Public Health and Mitigation Measures

Because of lots of construction workers and poor hygiene conditions in the construction

sites during the construction stage, some diseases such as infection diseases of the intestines,

hepatitis and typhoid would be easy to prevail. Therefore, publicity of hygiene knowledge

should be strengthened, public health works should be well done in construction sites and

residential areas, and administration of food hygiene should enhanced. In case of epidemic

disease, reporting should be made to pertinent departments timely and remedial measures

should be taken.

4.1.7 Impact on Harbour Operation and Ship Navigation and Mitigation Measures

Construction activities such as reefs blasting, dredging and sailing of construction ships

misht have influence on traffic order along the waterway, causing local and short-term traffic

jam and even impacting harbour operation. The construction scheme to ensure navigation

while constructing.should be formulated and implemented by the construction departments.

In the meantime the waterborne transportation department should be contacted in time, and

ships passing through the waterway should be well informed so as to take preventive

measures. Transportation of stones obtained at nearby places and dredged materials through

the waterway would have no much impact on land traffic, but should be conducted out of

the peak hours of navigation and harbour operation.

4.1.8 Impact on Cultural Relics, Historical Sites and Landscapes

Within the project region, there are no significant scenic spots, no important cultural

relics and historical sites. Therefore, there will be no impact on cultural relics and historical

sites.

4.2 Environmental Impact during Operation Stage and Mitigation Measures

4.2.1 Impact of Flood Level Rise and Mitigation Measures

The simulated results show that after the completion of the project, discharge in all the

Liansharong waterway (except Lijiasha section) would have very small alterations (in most

sections below 1%) compared with that before the regulation, and flood water level would

also have very small alterations (with max. rise being only 0.03 m). Therefore, the

20

Liansharong waterway regulation would have no much impact on flood control, and the fall

of flood water level in some sections would be favorable for flood control. Regulation

activities such as dike building and dumped bank would reinforce levees and enhance their

ability to prevent scouring, which in return would help flood control. With the completion

of Zhaoqing-Hutiaomen waterway regulat:on, maximum rise of flood water level might

reach 0.16 m compared with that before the regulation. The flood water level rise would

mainly occur in the upper Dianshuizhoutou, and would have little impact on the sections of

the lower Beikingtou in Hutiaoment waterway. There exist such main levees as Jingfeng

joint levee (with the recurrence interval of 50 years) and Shapu joint levee (with the

recurrence interval of only 20 years) in the region of Dianshuizhou, but the maintenance

standards of the levees in the section from Shishangou to Gaoyao are low. Better

construction schemes should be adapted in order to heighten the levees which currently have

low flood control standards. In addition, the observation of water level, both during the

construction stage and after the completion of regulation, should be enhanced and the

observation results should be reported timely to the Flood Control Command Center, so as to

have a good grasp of the actual impact of flood level rise.

4.2.2 Impact on Scouring and Silting and Mitigation Measures

After the completion of the regulation project, due to the alterations of flow rate and

current velocity and water level compared with that before the regulation, consequently

silting and scouring regime along the waterway would change. Flow rate in Lijiasha section

of Liansharong waterway would have relatively great increase, so that scouring effect would

be possibly stimulated. Since there would be no many spur dikes to be established along

Liansharong waterway, scouring effects to the opposite bank of the dikes would not be great.

Along Zhaoqing-Hutiaomen waterway, many spur dikes would be established and

comparatively great effects would arise. Therefore, bank protection measures should betaken on the opposite shores of the spur dike group so as to reduce the scouring effects.

4.2.3 Impact on Water Supply and Drainage Facilities and Mitigation Measures

A great deal of spur dike groups would be set up along Zhaoqing-Hutiaomen waterwaywithin the lower Xijiang river, which would have some influence on the water gates and thewater diversion works among the dike groups. In the project plan at present stage, there are13 water gates or water diversion works among the spur dike groups. During the designstage, appropriate modification should be made, or some jetty should be established in thecourse of construction, or water intake should be moved outward. Some compensationsshould be made for the original administrative or construction units to change or remove theexisting water supply or drainage facilities. Within Lianshrong waterway, there are only a

21

few water gates locating among the spur dike groups, which could be removed and re-built.

The project would be helpful for drainage or irrigation with tidal effects, since flow regime

and velocity after the completion of regulation would be improved.

4.2.4 Water Environmental Impact of Ship Pollutants and Mitigation Measures

During the operation stage (taking 2010 as the representative year), oil wastewater,

sewage and garbage from the ships navigating along Liansharong waterway are predicted to

be 556.76 t/a (in which oil is 4.35 t/a), 1481.71 t/a and 1111.29 Va respectively, which are

very small compared with the correspondings from land sources. However, their direct

discharges into the waterway, without any treatment, would also aggravate water pollution.lt

is suggested that in short tern oil wastewater should be collected and transferred to the shore

to treat, and oil separators should be equipped progressively when conditions are apt.Potable

pumping closestools should be made extensive use on ships. Deposit cabinet for garbage

should be equipped so as to collect sewage and garbage. In addition, inspection to ships

should be strengthened, and management regulation on ship pollution control should be

formulated. Ships which violate the regulation should be fined, and some ships with heavy

pollution must be forbidden to put into operation.

4.2.5 Ship Noise Impact and Mitigation Measures

After the completion of the Liansharong waterway regulation project and upto 2010,

impact of ship sailing noise on shoreline areas would be small. Whether in peak hours, or in

daytime and at night, noise levels would be within the corresponding environmental noise

standards. Only abrupt noise levels caused by ship whistling would exceed the standard by 5-

8 dB(A), which would have some impact on local residents. It is suggested that in the

regions near to the banks, especially within a distance of 30 m from the banks, no noise

sensitive constructions be planned to develop. Supervision and management on ship noise

should be strengthened. Ships without holds or noise abatement facilities must be controlled

to operate. Afforested belts are proposed to be established along the shorelines of sensitive

sections so as to help mitigate the impact of ship noises.

4.2.6 Ship Pollution Accidents and Countermeasures

For all of the 9 kinds of dangerous materials classified by IMO, there exists

transportation on the waterway. According to the investigation, ships subject to generate

pollution accidents mainly include oil ships, miscellaneous chemicals ships and liquidated

gas ships. 9 water plants exist along Liansharong waterway, and a number of water intakes

locate along Zhaoqing-Hutiaomen waterway in the lower Xijiang river, with the upper reach

22

being the drinking water source reserves. Thus, the waterway of the project is the sensitive

regions for environmentl protection. In case of pollution accidents, the quality of water

taken by water plants and aquatic organisms along the waterways would be threatened.

Therefore, navigation safety management, especially the management on ships transportingdangerous materials, should be strengtiiened. Advanced navigation mark systems,

communication facilities and other complete facilities should be established. Emergency -

response system to pollution accident should be developed. Specified pollution control and

treatment companies for different kinds of accidents should be set up so as to meet the

requirement in urgency.

43 Socio-Economic Environmental Impact Assessment 7o

With the completion of the waterway regulation project in the lower Xijiang river, a imore convenient waterborne transportation environment composed of river and sea would be

created for the economic zone of the Pearl River Delta, which would change the relatively-

closed inland transportation pattern at present, and improve the integral transportation

nerwork comprising with waterway, road and railway. That would help for the development

of regional economy, and stimulate the economic rise in the Pearl River Delta and even all

Pearl River Basin.

With the growth of navigation capacity after the completion of the regulation project,

large ships could reach directly so as to reduce the number of transfers, which would help

lower the transportation cost and raise the benefits for the enterprises. In associate with the

development of new harbours and docks along the waterway, the environment for investing

would be further optimized. All these would play an active role in introducing foreign capital,

advanced technology and management methods,-and in reforming the production structure

and the productivity layout.

After the completion of the project, regional economy would growth, which would

provide more employment opportunities, stimulate the development of the third industry, and

raise the income of residents. As a result, living quality for local residents would rise

progressively.

There are no special landscapes and important cultural relics and historical sites along

both shorelines of the waterway, and tht regulation engineering itself would not cause anydamages to the existing landscape and places of historical interest and scenic beauty. In the

course of construction, 62.4 ha (or 936 mu) of lands would be occupied, however, impact on

land use would be small and temporary, since these lands are floodplains and its existing

means of utilization would be restored quickly after the completion of the project. Rational

23

compensation should be made for land users. No such issues as removal and migration

would be invoived.

The construction activities such as reefs blasting, spit cutting and dredging would

probably have some impact on nearby harbour operation and ships navigation. However,

such impact might be mitigated, given that rational working hours and working modes would

be adopted, navigation notices well done, and safety warning enhanced.

24

5 Project Alternatives

5.1 Alternatives for Liansharong Waterway Regulation Project

5.1.1 Recommended Regulation Scenario

There are three design scenarios for the Liansharong waterway regulation project. Afterthe comprehensive comparison among them, the recommended regulation scenario is that thedesign dimensions of the waterway are 80 m wide and 4 m deep with a minimum curvatureradius of 500 m.

5.1.2 Comparison between Design Scenarios

5.1.2.1 Design Scenarios

(I) Scenario I, 80m X 3.5m X 500m (width X depth X minimum curvatureradius).

(2) Scenario 2, 80m X 4.Om X SOOm (width X depth X minimum curvatureradius).

(3) Scenario 3, 80m X 4.5m X SOOm (width X depth X minimum curvature

radius).

5.1.2.2 Comparison between Scenarios

Liansharong waterway situates in the river network region of the Pearl River Delta. Indry season the waterway is basically controlled by tidal flow, while in flood season theboundary of tidal flow moves up and down within the waterway. The average tidal leveldifference is 0.46 m, and that at Yingezui is 0.63m, at Rongqi 0.86m, at Banshawei 1.OOm,at Sanshanjiao 0.93m and at Sanshakou 1.SOm. Therefore, Liansharong waterway, situatingnear the boundary of tidal flow, should make full use of tidal effects for navigation. ScenarioI needs 0.5-0.6 m of tidal water depth, which is greater than the average tidal leveldifference at Nanhua station, and full-time navigation can not be guaranteed. Scenario 2 canmeet the requirement for 1,000 dwt river-seagoing ship's navigation, but there will be no

depth for silting. Tide can be employed to meet the requirement. Scenario 3 does not needtidal level difference for silting, and there already has enough depth for silting, but it needs

more investment than Scenarios I and 2. After comprehensive analysis, Scenario 2 isrecommended.

25

5.1.2.3 Comparison of Engineering Volumes among Three Scenarios (See Table 5.1)

Table 5.1 Comparison of engineering volumes among three scenarios

Scenario Dredging Reef blasting Stone dike (X 104mY) Levee protection (X 10 4 i) Requisition

I _ _ _ _ __ of land

(X I Om3) ( X I O'm') damming dry stone damming dry stone grout broken concrete Reinforced (mu)

____ _____ _ _masonry masonry stone concrete

2 224.62 16.95

2 314.28 26.46 13 93 0765 9,36 2.422 0.232 2.47 0.35 0 49 136

3 426.70 37g14 ,

5.1.3 Comparison of Environmental Impact

5.1.3.1 Discharge and Water Level Alterations and Their Impact on Flood Control

The model simulation shows that the results of three scenarios at different frequenciesare very similar.

(1). Alterations of discharge division ratio before and after the regulation: In Rongguisection, discharge division ratio for each scenario would have nearly no alterations. InLijiasha section, alterations of discharge division ratio would be great, with the increaseratios being 5.8-6.5%, 7.5-8.4% and 9.6-10.4% respectively for Scenario 1, Scenario 2 andScenario 3. In Shawan section and Lianhuashan section discharge division ratio would havesmall changes, with a decrease ratio of about 1-2%. Comparatively speaking, alterations ofdischarge division ratio for Scenario 3 would be the greatest, those of Scenario I the smallestand those of Scenario 2 rank at the middle.

(2) Alterations of water level before and after the regulation: Water level alterations foreach scenario appear to be nearly in the same trend. In Ronggui section and Lianhuashansection, water level would have hardly changes compared between before and after theregulation. In Shawan section, water level would have slight changes, with the maximumflood level rise being 3 cm and the maximum fall 5 cm. Comparatively speaking, alterationsfor Scenario I would be greater than those for Scenarios 2 and 3.

5.1.3.2 Environmental Impact of Dredging and Reef Blasting

Dredging volumes for scenario 1, scenario 2 and scenario 3 would be 224.62 X 1 m3,

26

314.28 X 104 m3 and 426.70 X 104 m3 respectively. In general, with the increase of dredging

volumes, working hours of construction would increase, consequently SS amount in water

and dumping volume of dredged materials would also increase, that is, the greater the

dredging volume, the greater the environmental impact.

Volumes of reef blasting for Scenario 1, Scenario 2 and Scenario 3 would be 16.95 X

I 04 3, 26.46 X 10 m3 and 37.84 X 104 m3 respectively. Noise and relatively strong shock

waves from reef blasting would cause some impact on nearby residential areas and

constructions and aquatic organisms, but this kind of impact would be short-term and

irreversible. Since the volumes of reef blasting would be different among three scenarios, the

extent of environmental impact would also be varied. Generally speaking, the greater the

volumes of reef blasting, the greater the environmental impact. Among three scenarios,

volumes of reef blasting of the recommended scenario (Scenario 2) rank in the middle place,

and its environmental impact would be smaller than that of Scenario 3 and greater than that

of Scenario 1.

5.2 Alternatives for Xijiang Sea-going Waterway Regulation Project

As the recommended scenario of Xijiang sea-going waterway, Zhaoqing-Hutiaomenwaterway in the lower Xijiang river has two other alternatives: Modaomen seagoingwaterway and Hengmen seagoing waterway.

5.2.1 It is very difficult to train the sand bars at Modaomen outlet

Modaomen, the main seaward outlet of Xijiang river, diverts about 1/3 of the total silts

measured at Makou station. Modaomen waterway, wide and deep, is an ideal seagoing

waterway. However, sand bars are well developed at the outlet. If it is chosen as the

seagoing waterway, the critical engineering is to train the sand bars. Due to the poor

understanding of sand bars at the Modaomen outlet and the absence of investigation andstudy at present, it is best not to train this sand bars for the present.

Flood discharge through Modaomen outlet ranks at the first place among 8 outlets. The

regulation of Modaomen outlet should mainly aim at satisfying the requirement of flood

discharge. The regulation scheme is to construct double guide levees along the waterway,

and the constructed guide levees do not access to the sand bars. How to extend the guide

levees need further study. The training of sand bars should combine with the outlet

regulation, and waterway regulation should not be conducted in haste.

27

5.2.2 It is very difricult to regulate Qi'ou shoal in Hengmen seagoing waterway

Feasibility study report for Hengmen seagoing waterway project has been completed.Critical studies had been made in the report for Lanshan shoal and Ernao shoal, and thecauses of their formation had been analyzed and engineering measures were also put forward.For Qi'ou shoal, only the cause of its formation had been analyzed. The sediment from Qi'oushoal is clay, which results from the sedimentation of coagulated substances. Qi'ou shoal,having the characteristics of sand bar, is very difficult to regulate. It could be solvedgradually with the means of concentrating water flow and increasing scouring effects bymeans of guide levees which would be constructed according to the planning, and inassociate with the outlet regulation and waterway regulation engineerings.

5.23 For Hutiaomen waterway it is more practical to go to sea through Yamenseagoing waterway

Hutiaomen waterway has always been the main navigation channel to maintain. Exceptfor that bend radius at Hengken is not large enough, the waterway reaches the standard of3rd class inland channel. Its important properties are that both tidal flow and runoff flowfollows the river configuration, the existing pattern that water and silts go separately wouldnot change after the regulation, no lands would be occupied, flood level rise could becontrolled within 15 cm, drainage and irrigation facilities along the shorelines wouldfunction normally, and road, railway and bridges would not be disturbed. After havingnegotiated with pertinent departments for many times, we consider that Hutiaomen waterwayis relatively practical.

28

6 Environmental Management, Monitoring &Training

6.1 Environmental Management Organizations

The Environmental Department of the Project Office shall be in charge of the overallenvironmental management of the project. Environmental management organizations andtheir operation flow chart are presented in Figure 6.1.

6.2 Environmental Monitoring Plan

6.2.1 Environmental Monitoring Plan during Construction Stage (see Table 6.1)

6.2.2 Environmentail Monitoring Plan during Operation Stage (see Table 6.2)

6.3 Personnel Training

6.3.1 Preparatory Training (see to Tab. 6.3)

(1) Time: I months.

(2) ContentsTraining on environmental protection knowledgeOn-site practiceOverseas training

(3) Number of persons to be trainedDomestic training: 10 persons one month, and 10 persons half a month.Overseas training: 5 persons, and half a month for each person.

(4) Training feesDomestic training: a total of 4 X 104 RMB Yuan will be needed (assumed 2,000

RMB /person).Overseas training: a total of 2.125 X 104 USS will be needed (assumed 8,500

US$/person.month).

29

'Proiect M anaeement Environmental Mlanagement

Transport Mtinistry .'4EPA

IGD Transport Dept. GD EPA

o LwvrrGD Waterway Burea

OIte Envir.Manage.I Project Office 1*|Local EPAs|

eEnviron. Dept.|EnneEnvSrounoent1Mnitonn

t Acnvir. Administr C Agencies

|Liansharong [Lower Xijiang River We y gt P c

Land &, Resett. Evrn and &Retl. Evrn.ScinXetnSection Sectin

|On-site Eng. Superviso7r | E[nvir.MonitoringEnvir.Suvervisioi

D nizineerina Sus)ervision

Niotes: Adminisirarive -- Contracr

Figure 6.1 E:nvironmental Nflanagement Organizations and Operation Flow Chart forLower Xijiang River Waterway Regulation Project

Table 6.1 Environmental Monitoring Plan during Construction Stage

Water Quality

Monitoring Including 15 items: temperature, pH, DO, CODM,, BOD5, NO-N, N03-N, SS, non-ionic ammonia.

items phenol, oil, cyanide. chlorophyll, coliform bacteria and total bacteria, of which 5 items are critical:

SS. oil. DO. pH and total bacteria.......................... . ....... .............................. . ..... .. . . . . __._ . ..... .... ..... .. . .. __._..__... .............. ........................ . ..

Analysis Standardizcd Analysis Methods issued by NEPA

methods ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.. .. . .... ......... . . ._ _.__.___._............................. ..... . _____.__.......... ....... __....___......._____Sampling 1. Zhaoqing-Hutiaomen waterway in lower Xijiang river

stations (1). 5 existing hydrographic stations: Gaoyao, Makou, Beijie, Hengdhan and Xipaotai.

(2). 8 joints of branch and mainstream: Guangli town, Taipingsha, Jiujiang town, Guzheng

waterway, Chaolian island, Baiqintou, and Hemaxi (2 stations).

(3). one monitoring station respectively at each water intake, at 3 km upstream and at 500 m

downstream to the intake of the 6 water plants in four towns along the waterway.

2. Liansharong waterway

(1). 9 stations at Lianhuashan, Batangwei, Shiqiao, Shawan, Zini, Banshawei, Rongqi,

Yinggezhui and Nanhua.

(2). one monitoring station respectively at each water intake, at 3 km upstream and at 500 m

downstream to the intake of the 9 watauplants in four towns alonz the channel.

Monitoring 1. For all items in all stations, sampling and monitoring two times (one at high tide, and one at

frequency low tide) in each season (wet, normal and dry).

and periods 2. For the critical items of SS, DO, once i week, and oil, pH and total bacteria, once a month,

in the section under construction, and one time at the next day of the end of construction. In the

meantime, control monitoring stations would be set up at 500 m upstream and at 3 km downstream

to the construction site.

3. For the items of pH, SS, cyanide, phenol and oil, one day per 10-day, two times I day (one at

.............high tide, and one at low tide for the water intake which will be affected by construction activities.

Executive The Project Office. The office will commission Pearl River Basin Water Environmental Monitoring

az.ency Center .

Notes The plan would be properly modified according to the properties and progress of construction

activities.

Environmental Noise. ...... . ... _ . ._ _._ . .........Monitoring Continuous noise, abrupt noise, background environmental noise before construction at each

Items sensitive.point and in the construction section.. ......................... .. . ............ . ........ __... . _. . .. __ .... . __._._. .. ......... ___........................... _._........___

Monitoring 1. Densely populated areas along the waterway: Guangli and Shakou towns for Zhaoqing-

Stations Hutiaomen waterway project, and Rongqi and Lianhuashan towns for Liansharong channel project.

2. At distance of 50 m and 100 m away from the banks of the construction section.

31

Monitoring Monitoring background noise two times in the day before the construction starts. During

frequency construction stage, monitoring two timcs a day (07:00-18:30. 22:00-06:30), two days each season

and periods (one day in busy construction period. and one day in leisure period).L.

Executive (Same as above)

3I~a!n _._._.~ _ ....... ___ _. ww._.w._ .~._ _w_. ....... ... ................ _ . _ ._ .Sediment

Monitoring 7 items: Pb, Cd, Hg, Cu, Zn, oil & DDT.

items

Analysis Follow the standards and guidelines issued by NEPA.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.... ............. ........... __. .......... ....... .. _. _ .... _._ .... ..... ... __._..._.__......... . _._. . .................Sampling Samples would be taken from each construction section with dredging volume of more than 100

m3, including: a total of 8 sections at Zhaoqing-Hutiaomen waterway, namely, Laowanchong to

koumen, Dalikou to Sijiao gate, Huangbu gate to Xi'an dock, Luzhoukou section, Chaolianzhou

section, Haishousha section, Gaoming section, and upper Muolianzhou section; 5 sections at

Liansharong channel, namely, Nanhua to Haixingsha, Lijiasha, Shawan bridge to Dawutou,

Dadaosha to Gumin, and Lianhuashan.

Sampling One sample taken before each engineering operation

Executive (Same as above)

agency

6.3.2 On-post Training for Environmental Monitoring and Management Staff

On-post training aims to strengthen environmental monitoring and management duringconstruction stage and operation stage, and to ensure environmental monitoring quality and

efficient environmental management, so as to enhance the overall quality of the project. Theon-post training would also help to find the problems in environmental monitoring andmanagement, which should be reported to Environmental Protection Section timely so as totake appropriate measures to modify and solve. The training last I month, and two trainingwould be conducted during construction stage (at the Ist quarter of the 1st year and 1stquarter of the 2nd year respectively), and one training every other year during operationstage (at the Ist quarter).

32

Table 6.2 Environmental Monitoring Plan during Operation Stage

Environmental Noise............................ .................................................................................................... ................,Monitoring items Continuous noise from ship navigation, and abrupt noise from ship

whistlins..- -.......................... ......... .. ..... .. _. .... . ....................... . .............. ............................................ . .... ._........Monitoring Stations At harbors or densely populated areas in four towns, namely, Guangli,

Shakou, Rongqi and Lianhuashan. Monitoring should be conducted

within the distance of 100 m away from river banks, and at the height

......................... ..........._ ...of-2m.above the ground.......... ...... d ...Monitoring frequency For the monitoring of navigation noise, each monitoring should last at

and periods least 20 minutes. One time a season, one day each time, two

monitoring a day (in daytime from 06:30 to 18:30, and at night from

20:30 to 06:30)......... .......... ................. ..__ . __.... ___. ........... .. _ ......... _ .............. ..... ............ ......................Esecutive agency_._ Guangdon Waterway Bureau.

WaterQOualit__. _ _ _ . - __ ._ _ . _ _ _ _ . _ ___. _ _ _~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .............

Monitoring items Same as the correspondings in Table 5. The key items include oil, DO,COD BOD5, pH and SS.

Monitoring Stations Same as the correspondings in Table 5...... . _ ..... .... ... .__. . __ . ........... ... ...... . _.____.................................__

Monitoring frequency For the sections along the waterway, twice for each season (dry,and periods normal and wet), two samplings each time (at high tide and low tide

respectively). All operations should follow the relevant regulations andguidelines issued by NEPA.

For water intakes, sampling once a month at each intake, and

............... .- _ !anazingoi, DO, COD, BODs,pH and SS. ...sediment

Monitoring items 7 items: Pb, Cd, Hg, Cu, Zn, oil & DDT.

Analysis Follow the standards and guidelines issued by NEPA.

Sampling Samples would be taken from each maintenance section

Sampling frequency One sample taken before each maintenance engineering

Executive agency (Same as above)

33

Tab6.3 Details of training program

time China (in Guangdong, 10 Overseas (somewhere

people x 4 weeks) undecided. 5 people x 15 days)

week I environmental protection techniques of environmental

regulation and specifications management and

in China superintendent abroad

week 2 environmental management; GIS application in

methodology of environmental management;

environmental monitoring & visit to existing similar

analysis waterway regulation project

week 3 environmental protection

regulation and specifications

by World Bank

week 4 GIS application in

environmental management

34

7 Public Participation

7.1 Ways for Public Participation

(I) Workshops.(2) Questionnaire investigations.

(3) Bulletin in newspaper

7.2 Workshops and Opinions

7.2.1 Organizer, Time, Locations and Participants of Workshop

(I) Organizer: The World Bank Project Office of Guangdong Provincial WaterwayBureau.

(2) Time: Three workshops were held in 1996: April 30 - May 1, May 20- May 23 andJuly 8 of 1996.

(3) Locations: Taoyuan Hotel in Heyuan City; Guangdong Hotel and Hubin Hotel inGuangzhou City.

(4) Participants: More than 20 experts and scholars from Guangdong ProvincialWaterway Bureau, Guangdong Provincial Waterway Survey and Design Institute,Environmental Protection Office of the Ministry of Transportation, and the ScientificInstitute of Pearl River Water Resource Protection were present at the workshops.

7.2.2 Main Opinions and Suggestions

(I) The present assessment work should focus on the aspects of flood level rise andflood control, and impact on fishery resources and water quality at water intakes.

(2) The project construction would be of great significance for impoving the integratetransportation network in which waterway, road and railway develop coordinately in PearlRiver Delta, for promoting the extension of shoreline and coastal productivity andstimulating the growth of regional economy.

(3) However, during construction stage, the project might have negative effects onaquatic organisms, water quality, acoustic environment, and human health. Therefore,

35

appropriate mitigation measures should be put forward.

7.3 Questionnaire Investigations

7.3.1 Questionnaire (see Table 7.1)

Table 7.1 Questionnaire for public opinions

Name: Sex: Age: Education:

Work unit: Occupation: Date:

Questions Multiple choices

1. How much do you know about the project? 1. Never known [ ]

2. Heard of [ ]3. Well known

2. Do you think the attached Terms of Reference (1) Complete [ ]for environmental assessment and the (2) Incomplete, need to include:

Environmental Assessment Report have given

complete consideration to environmental

impacts from the project? Are there any other

environmental issues to be assessed?

3. How is the existing environmental quality in (1) Unacceptable [ ]the project area? (2)-Acceptable [ ]

(3) Fairly good [ 1

4. Do you have any opinions and suggestions to

environmental impact of the project?

7.3.2 The Public Investigated

Representatives from different regions, occupations, education levels and sexuality

were investigated.

7.3.3 The Investigation Periods

Five times of investigation were conducted: May 29 to 31, June 16 to 21, July 7 to

10 ,August 28 to 30 in 1996 and Oct.28 to Nov.10,1997.

7.3.4 Statistical Analysis of Public Opinions

36

(1) Awareness of the project

Among the people investigated, 175 persons (39.68%) gave answer "Never known",

132"heard of', 36 " Well known", and 98 didn't answer.

(2) Opinions to the Terms of Reference

Only 41 persons gave their opinions, of which 7 persons suggested that positive effects

of the project should also be considered.

(3) Opinions to the existing environmental quality

98 persons did not answer the question, 235 said "fairly good", and 108 "acceptable".

(4) Opinions and suggestions for environmental protection

72 persons answered the question, of which most thought that the project would be

favorable for both nation and people. Environmental impact, though temporary and small,

would mainly arise from the construction activities.

7.4 Bulletin in newspaper

7.4 Bulletin in newspaper

7.5 Response to Public Opinions

(1) The publicity of the project should be enhanced through media such as TV, radio

and newspaper.

37

(2) Environmental assessment should focus on impacts to flood control, fisheryresources and water quality.

(3) People concern mostly the impact of construction activities on water quality of thewater plant intake. Therefore, we simulate, with the two-dimensional model, the

concentration fields of SS caused by dredging and analyze the impact of SS on water intakes.

In addition, the Environmental Action Plan required that monitoring stations be set up,

during construction stage, at 5 km upstream and 500 m downstream of the water intakes and

water quality monitoring be performed once per I 0-day.

38

8 Analysis of Environmental and EconomicalBenefits and Costs

8.1 Investment of the Project

The total investment of the project will be 127,363.29 X 104 RMB, or 15,400.64 X 104

USS. The construction period divides into 4 fiscal years.

8.2 Social Benefit of The Project

With the completion of the waterway regulation project in the lower Xijiang river, a

more convenient waterborne transportation environment composed of river and sea would be

created for the economic zone of Pearl River Delta, which would change the relatively

closed inland water transportation pattern at present, and improve the integral transportation

network of waterway, road and railway. That would help develop the regional economy and

stimulate the economic rise in the Pearl River Delta and even all Pearl River Watershed.

With the increase of navigation capacity after the completion of the regulation project,

the transportation cost would be lowered. In associate with the establishment of new

harbours and docks along the waterway, the environment for investing would be optimized.

All these would play an active role in introducing foreign capital, and advanced technology

and management methods, and in reforming the production structure and the productivity

layout.

With the completion of the project, regional economy would grow rapidly, which

would provide more employment opportunities, stimulate the development of the third

industry, and raise the income of residents. As a result, living quality of local residents

would rise steadily.

8.3 Environmental Loss and Environmental Protection Investment

8.3.1 Environmental Loss

(I) Construction activities such as reef blasting would have influence on fishery

production, and destroy some aquatic organisms and fishery resources.

(2) Since reef blasting and dredging during construction stage might increase SS

content in water, water plants along the waterway would have to spend more money on

water treatment.

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(3) Cost to conduct dredging in front of the water gates, locating between spur dikes

group. would increase.

(4) Levees along both banks would be influenced by the project, thus bank protection

measures should be added.

(5) The occupation of some lands during construction stage would influence land use

and agricultural production.

8.3.2 Costs to Mitigate Environmental Impacts

8.3.2.1 Pollution Control

* Ship Waste Control

(1) For Scenario 3, treatment of oil wastewater and oil leakage would need aninvestment of RMB30 X 104.

(2) Treatment of ship sewage would cost RMB243.29 X 104

(3) Disposal of ship garbage would need invest RMB 1046.40 X10;.

(4) The total investmnent for ship waste control would be RMBI,319.69 X 104.Thisinvestment will be made by harbor superintendence and is not part of project estimate costs.

* Noise control

Supposed that half of the ships navigating on Liansharong waterway and theconstruction ships do not have noise abatement facilities and each noise abatement facilitycosts RMB5,000, a total investment of RMB26,160 X 104 would need for ship noise control.This investment will be made by shipping companies and is not part of project estimatecosts.

8.3.2.2 Shoreline Protection

* Levees and Bank Protection Engineering

Because the waterway regulation project would change the flow pattern, some river

sections would need bank protection engineerings, dykes or erosion protection. Total

investment is about RMB 1763.04 X 104, included within "engineering" category of project

investment.

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* Reforestation along Shorelines

Total length of reforestation would be 20 km and Supposed that RMB 20,000 would

need for each kilometer of greening belt, totally RMB 400 X 10 would be required. This

investment will be made by local governments and is not part of project estimate costs.

8.3.2.3 Compensation for rishing loss

This part of investment will be decided by agreement on GPWB and GPSAPD

(Guangdong Provincial Sea and Aquatic Products Department) altogether.

8.3.2.4 Compensation for Land Requisition

A total of RMB 2434.9 X 104 is needed for land requisition, included within

"engineering" category of project investment.

8.3.2.5 Personnel Training

* Domestic Training

There will be 20 persons to receive domestic training (10 persons trained half a month,

and 10 persons trained a month) and the training fee be RMB 2,000 per person, a total of

RMB4 X 104 would need.

3 Overseas Training

There will be 5 persons x 15 days for overseas training and the cost would be USS

8.500 per person a month, a total of USS 2.125 X 104 would need (corresponding to RMB

17.574 X 104)

8.3.2.6 Environmental Monitoring

* During Construction Stage

(1) Water quality monitoring: RMB 55.6 X 104

(2) Sediment Monitoring: RMB 1.35 X I04.

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(3) Noise environment monitoring:RMB7.46 X 104.

Total cost of environmental monitoring during construction stage would be RMB 64.41

X 4o4.

* During Operation Stage

Total cost would be RMB 10 X 104, which is cost of buying the monitoring result.

8.3.2.7 Operation of environmental office

Total cost would be RMB 14 X 104 .

8.3.2.8 Total Cost (see Table 8.1)

8.4 Environmental Benefit

(I) Lijiasha channel is narrow, and its levee protection standard is low. Establishmentof levee protection engineering will reinforce the bank protection and ensure the floodcontrol capability.

(2) Collection and disposal of ship pollutants would reduce pollution to water sources

of water plants along the waterway.

(3) Water quality monitoring during construction stage would ensure safety water use

for local residents.

(4) Afforestation along the shorelines would help improve landscape. as well as reducethe impact of ship noise.

8.5 Environmental and Economic Cost-Benefit Analysis

The project will need invest RMB 2255.07 X 104 for environmental protection, which

only accounts for 1.75 % of total investment of the project. Although the proportion ofenvironmental protection investment is low, its environmental and social benefits would be

great.

Table 8.1 Environmental costs (RMB X 10)

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Items Project budget Investments outside ofinvestments udg

Xijiang I Liansharong X

'Land requisition 2434.9

"Levees and Bank 1763.04

Protection _

Reforestation 400

Compensation for undecided

fishing

Ship wastes control 1319.69

Ship noise control 26160

Training:

China 4

Overseas 17.574

Monitoring:

Construction stage:

Water 24.325 31.275

Noise 4.59 2.87

Sediment 0.675 0.675

Operation stage:

transmission costs of 5 5

monitoring results

operation of 7 7

environmental office

Total (excluding cost of 4307.924 27879.69

fishery compensation)

'included within "engineering" category of project investment.

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9 Conclusions and Suggestions

9.1 Conclusions

9.1.1 Economic Benefit of the Project Construction

With the completion of the waterway regulation project in the lower Xijiang river, a

more convenient waterborne transportation environment composed of river and sea would becreated for the economic zone of the Pearl River Delta, which will improve the integraltransportation network of waterway, road and railway and stimulate the further development

of regional economy in Pearl River Delta and even all Pearl River Watershed.

9.1.2 Main Environmental Impact and Mitigation Measures

9.1.2.1 Environmental Impact and Mitigation Measures during Construction Stage

(I) During construction stage, construction activities such as dredging, dike buildingand reef blasting would cause bottom mud floating up, and result in the increase of SScontents in water. Water plants should be informed in advance before the construction starts,so that they can make proper preparation not to take water in the working hours of theconstruction. In addition, water quality monitorinig for each water intake should be

conducted during construction stage.

(2) Construction activities, such as reef blasting and dredging, etc. would disruptaquatic organisms, especially fishery resources. The project developer should coordinate andnegotiate with the fishery administrative department as early as possible, so as to formulatejointly a construction scheme which would minimize the loss of fishery resources. After thecompletion of construction, fishery multiplication should be conducted.

(3) Noise impact arising from the operation of construction equipment would betemporary, and would be substantially lowered, given that rational working hours be chosen.

(4) Strong shock waves from reef blasting would have some impact on the banks and

other nearby constructions, and would also disturb aquatic organisms. Therefore, the blastingmethod using small doses of explosives should be applied during the reef blasting, and in thesections where base rock has been heavily weathered, reefs should be removed with

mechanical methods as far as possible.

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(5) Waste earth and dredged materials arising from the construction works should bedumped to the planned dumping grounds.

(6) Because of lots of construction workers and poor hygiene conditions in the

construction sites during the construction stage, some diseases would be subject to prevail.

Publicity of hygiene knowledge should be strengthened, public health works should be well

done in construction sites and residential areas.

(7) 936 mu (62.4 ha) of lands would be occupied during construction stage. There

would be no removal and migration, and no resettlement would be involved. Rational

compensation should be made for land users.

(8) Construction activities such as reefs blasting, dredging and sailing of construction

ships might influence the traffic order on the waterway, cause local and short-term traffic

jam, and even impact harbour operation. A scheme to ensure navigation while constructing

should be formulated and implemented by the construction department, and construction

engineering should not be conducted during the peak hours of navigation and harbour

operation.

9.1.3.2 Environmental Impact and Mitigation Measures during Operation Stage

(1) Liansharong waterway regulation would have no much impact on flood control,

since the maximum rise of flood water level would be only 3 cm and the flood water level

would even fall in some sections after the regulation. With the completion of Zhaoqing-

Hutiaomen waterway regulation, the maximum rise of flood water level might reach 0.16 m

compared with that before the regulation. The rise of flood water level would mainly occur

in the upper Dianshuizhoutou, and its impact would be small on the sections of the lower

Beikingtou in Hutiaoment waterway. Levees with low flood control standards should be

heightened and reinforced. In addition, observation of water level during the construction

stage and after the completion of regulation should be enhanced.

(2) The regulation project would change silting and scouring regime of the waterway.

Channel depth should be maintained, and re-silting should occur on the shore side, so as to

make scouring and silting in waterway rational and orderly.

(3) Many spur dike groups would be set up along Zhaoqing-Hutiaomen waterway

within the lower Xijiang river, which would have certain influence on the water gates and

the water diversion stations among the groups. These gates and stations coutd be modified

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and removed.

(4) Computation results of saline intrusion of Z-H Waterway show that the distance of

saline intrusion after the construction is only 6m increase, therefore the Impact is negligible.

But. water quality monitoring (e.g. chlorinity) after the completion of this project should be

strengthened.

(5) Amount of pollutants generating from ships would be small. However, their direct

discharges into the waterway would still aggravate water pollution. It is suggested that in

short term ship pollutants should be collected and transferred onto land for treatment.

Meanwhile, management regulation on ship pollution control should be formulated, and

some ships with heavy pollution must be abandoned to operate.

(6) Noise levels caused by ship sailing would basically be within the corresponding

environmental noise standards. Only abrupt noise levels caused by ship whistling would

exceed the standard. It is suggested that in the regions near to the shorelines, especiallywithin the distance of 30 m from the banks, no noise-sensitive constructions be planned to

develop. Monitoring and management of ship noise should be strengthened. Afforested

belts should be established on the shorelines of sensitive sections.

9.2 Suggestions

(I) Publicity of the project should be enhanced through media such as TV, radio and

newspaper so as to let the project be well known.

(2) Environmental protection during construction stage should be strengthened.

(3) Much attention should be paid to the observation of flood level along the waterway

after the completion of the project, and the observed results should report to the Flood

Control Command Center timely.

(4) Regional water pollution sources, including ship pollutants, should be controlled.

(5) Navigation safety management, especially the management on ships transporting

dangerous materials, should be strengthened. Emergency response system to pollution

accident should be established.

In summary, the waterway regulation project in the lower Xijiang river is a project of

comprehensive water resources utilization beneficial for both the nation and the common

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people. After the regulation, navigation conditions in Pearl River Delta would be improved,

which would be not only favourable for the regional economic development and social

progress in the delta, but also favorable for realizing the policy of "open-door' further in

Pearl River Catchment. The project is feasible. Although the project construction would

bring some negative environmental effects, most of the effects would be short-term and

small, and would be mitigated by taking some control measures.

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