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E-275Vol. 1

CILENA

ANNING VALLEYAGRICULTURE DEVELOPME:NT PROJECT

CN-PE 49665-CEIA

Environmental Impact Assessment Report

July 1998

For the World Bank

Prepared by

David E. Gue,Agro-industries Consultant

Branstead, Higher Erith Road,Torquay, TQ1 2NQ

ENGLANDPhone: ++44 1803 294 679Fax :++44 1803 296 294

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Longmang Mineral Fodder Corp.Environmental impactAssessment Report.

:

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Foreword .............................. 3

General Environmental Impacts .3Waste Water .3Air Emissions .4Solid Waste ,..4Chemicals. .4Noise emissions ,. . ... 4

Land Acquisition, Resettlement and Compensation .5Non-Agricultural Land ..................... 5Land Purchase and Compensation .5

List of Environmental Reports .6

Page 2 of 6

Longmang Mineral Fodder Corp.Environmental Impact Assessment Report.

FOREWORD

.1

An environmental impact assessment report was developed by the PPMO in Chengdu, and wastranslated into English during Pre-Appraisal of the project in October 1997. The report wasreviewed by the Bank mission and some modifications incorporated by the PPMO. The reviseddocument was presented to the Project Appraisal Mission in June 1998 incorporating all of the

~1 changes that were requested by the Bank mission.

All processing plants on the project are covered in the report including Agro-Industries and1 Sericulture components, and there are separate data sheets for each processing plant.

GENERAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS.

The project would not be expected to produce any detrimental environmental impacts in the projectarea. Each company has detailed the environmental aspects of their component, and indicated that theirproposal is within the National environmental guidelines and regulations.

There is no component of the project that poses an environmental risk. The processing plants have alimited potential for localised water, air and noise pollution within and around the plant buildings, butprocurement specifications for processing equipment would :include full environmental protectionmeasures to maintain pollution within national EPB standards.

Waste Water.

The project proposes to treat the effluents of all processing plants and administrative and marketingbuildings in septic tanks where necessary, or to discharge effluents to municipal sewers wherepossible. The design objective would be in compliance with Chinese standard GB8978-88 fordischarge of effluents, stipulating minimum discharge standards of: BOD5 200 mg/l and SS 200mg/I.

The combined effluent at all seven project processing plants is estimated to be < 3,000 m3/d with BODconcentration of 3 50-500 ppm. The capital cost of environment protection is included in theinvestment costs for equipment and civil works for each enterprise. The unit cost of treating theeffluent is included in the general power consumption requirerments for each enterprise and has beenincluded in the financial analysis of the project.

Page 3 of 6

Air Emissions.

Design of boilers and processing systems would provide for compliance with the relevant particulateemission standard. Cyclone dust collectors would be installed on all seed and rice handling systems tomaintain particulate matter discharge <10 mg/m3.

Solid Waste.

The domestic heating system boilers and grain and seed dryers will generate ash and clinker, and it hasbeen standard practice to use this in road construction and as an extender in brick manufacture. Thedisposal of theses negligible volumes of ash and clinker should not pose any problem.

Water softening plant sludge, boiler blowdown sludge and septic tank sludge would be negligible involume, and would be generated in widely dissipated locations. Disposal of sludge would be on localagricultural land.

Chemicals.

None of the processing plants use strong acid or alkali chemicals or materials with a highconcentration of COD. The Xicheng seed processing plant will use seed coating chemicals in verysmall volumes, but this is a common chemical used throughout the seed industry in China, and is notlikely to be discharged from the plant in any way, other than as a component of the finished products.

Agricultural chemicals. The fertilisers and agricultural chemicals used in the production of seeds,rice, grain, fruit and vegetables would be standard fertilisers, pesticides, herbicides etc., as used inmajor agricultural economies for similar type of agricultural and horticultural production. All farmchemicals procured through the project would be Bank approved products. Optimal farm chemical usewill be determined during the project with the aid of technical assistance, and would be Bank approvedproducts where relevant.

Noise emissions.

All equipment procured for the project would be specified to be within the National Standards fornoise emission.

Page 4 of 6


LAND ACQUISITION, RESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATION.

The project would acquire a total land area of 2.0 ha for commercial activities, all of which for theXicheng Wholesale Market and is located about 0.5 km from Xicheng city centre. It is currentlyagricultural land, and has 15 farming families (about 75 persons) using the land for income andsustenance. Details have been provided of the land to be acquired, compensation arrangements, andfamilies affected by the project, and this data is summarised in Table-18 : Land Acquisition attached.

Non-Agricultural Land.

All enterprises have been requested to select land for commercial development that is not designatedas agricultural land, and that does not currently have any occupants or dwellings. Xicheng Panxi Foodshave selected such land for the rice mill and seed processing plant, where they already own the land.

The four silk reeling mills will mainly expand their operations by upgrading existing buildings andinstalling modem processing machinery, and will not need to acquire additional land for theseoperations.

Land Purchase and Compensation.

Crop Compensation and Relocation Expenses: The crop compensation and relocation expensespaid to farmers would be in line with local regulations, and is dependent on the current crop beingproduced, and the crop value. The total crop compensation costs to be paid under the project would beY1.2 million for 2 ha of land, an average of Y600,000 per ha, and relocation expenses 0.15 million.The Xicheng municipal government are committed to ensure that relocated farmers receive land that isat least as good quality as their existing land. This will be quite simple to achieve as the project willdevelop large tracts of land around Xicheng under the irrigation and land base developments of theproject.

Land Purchase: Land purchase prices vary depending on the location, but the project would pay atotal land purchase price of Y4.65 million for 30 mu of land near down town Xicheng for thewholesale market.

Building Compensation: None of the enterprises has any buildings on acquired land that will needto be compensated.

Page 5 of 6


!

-I

LIST OF ENVIRONMENTAL REPORTS.

Seed Processing Mill of Panxi Foods Co. Ltd..

Xichang Yuchang Silk Industry Co. Ltd.

Xicheng Wholesale Market.

Rice Processing mill of Panxi Foods Co. Ltd..

Ningnan Silk Reeling Mill.

Huidong Silk Reeling Mill.

Yanbian County Silk Reeling Mill.

Page 6 of 6

indCHINA: Seeds Sector Commercialisation Project.

Seed Processing : Investment in facilities and equipment

Table-18 : Land Acquisition

Land Acquired for Proje Families involved in CompensationHa _ _ Land acquisition Arran ements Y'000

ompany Comtercial Industrlal Farm Number affected Loss of Voluntary Crop Land Building Relocation New Land

Land or waste land Land Famtiles Persons Dwellings Income Acceptance Compenstalon turchase Compensation Expenses Allocated Comment

angshan Prefecturecheng Rice Mill 1.16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Existingcommercial land

cheng Seed Processing Plant 1.16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Existing commercial land

cheng Wholesale Market 2.00 15 75 0 15 15 1,200 4,650 0 150 2 ha Land to be acquired under projec

cheng Silk Mill Expansion 0 No additional land acquired

ingnan Silk Mill Expansion - 0 --- No additional land acquired

uidong Silk Mill Expansion _ 0 No additional land acquired

anzhihua Municipalityanbian Silk Reeling Mill --- --- 0 --- --- --- --- --- --- No additional land acquired

TOTALS 2.32 0.00 2.00 15 75 0 15 15 1,200 4,650 0 150 2 ha

08-Jul-98

FEnvironmental Impact Assessment on

Seed Processing Mlill of Panxi Foods Co., Ltd.

Summarv

1. Environmental background

Seed Processing Mill of PatLi Foods Co., Ltd. Is locatod in -Xichang Miunicipality ofLiangshan Yi Nationality Autonomy Region and covers a area of 1.16 ha. T he main products of theproposed project will be the seeds of hybnid rice, hybrid maize, hybrid wheat and some kinds ofvegetable seeds. In the project area there are not any rivers passing through there.

There is usually a fresh wind in Xichang city, the average wind speed throighout the year is 6-7

Mn ec.

2. Wastewater discharge and pollution load

The wasteNw-ater discharged from the company is mainly come frotn household buildinas with adisclhaxge amount of 10 t/d. The pollution load of domestic wastewater will be be is follows:

BOD: 2kgidCOD: 4kg/dNH3-N3 - 0. 4 kg/dSS: 2.2 kicgd

The wastewater from household will be pre-treated by septic tanik botom it is discharged intomuniicipal scwage pipeline system.

.3. Waste gas discharge and pollution load

The waste zas discharged from the company will be mainly come from fuel comnbustion for steamsupply. The pollotion load of waste gas will be as follows:

SO,:5.3 kg.'i

TSP:30 kg`h

The waste gas wil be treated bv dust remover instaled on the boiler. The couected dust will bedizpi-ed together with industrial solid waste mentioned belowv.

4. Solid waste production

Thie industlial solid waste in the company will be mainly come from processing system and fiel

conflmtflption, and domestic solid waste will be mainlv come from households o' thte company.

T-he total amount of industnial soLid Nvaste production will be estimated as - tid. icluclina Solid waste

of cli:ernash and production wastes. "The industial solid waste from the company. tozethler w'iti

the collecte(l dust mentioned above. w^ill be brougfit to outside for r oad construcnon.

The amount of domestic solid waste will be given as 300 kg/d. which consists of waste from

household and has a content of vegetables and other organic. The domcstic solid waste will be

tranmported to a municipal dump site for disposal.

In addition Lle procees dust, which is estimated as 0.6 tdi will be mainlv come from the areas of

seed processing, seed storase and ash disposaL so the dust extraction system should be inrtaUed for

each of 3 areas.

Noise

The npiie in the company be mainly come from seed processing area. The noise linits in process

area wifl be specified within National Standards. The noise from construction actnities will be

ne;di;ible.

Epb-20 PagcCHINA - SEEDS SECTOR COMMERCIALISAT ION PROJECT

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT, LAND ACQUISITION AND RESETTLEMENT

PROJECT DESCRIPTIONA. Project location:Province - PrefctlurelCount. Sichuan l.iungshan vichangComipanm namc Seed Processing A-fill nf Panri JIodeis (Co.,l.idReprcscntcd al Appraisal b! Mr. Wang Kang Dian

Sub-project iiumlbcr

B. Purpose of project: Seeds Processing and AfarkeetigProposed production 5400VaProducts C rice seed. jlheat seed, H. maize seed, Pepper seed, Tbmato seed and BeoaPersons cmploycd on projct 32

LAND ACQUISITION AND RESETTLEMENTC. Land acquired:Arca of laid acquired Hecures 116 1 No land acqiuired for pojectNumber affcctrd Families 0

Persons 0Loss of dwcwlings Families 0Loss of incomc Families 0OMier losses Families 0Volintar) acccptance Families 0

D. Compensation and relocationLand purclisc (Y(X0) 0Crop compeinsation (Y00(l) 0Building contpcnsatioti (Y'IXX)) 0Relocation cxpcnses (Y'OO) 0New land area allocatcd Hectares 0Othcr compcinsation (Y000) O

E. Monitnrinn- proceduresKev events achimeed (Yes/No) Land acquired Yes

Compcnsation paid NoNew land occupicd No

F. Land use_Arca occupied b% buildinigs (rn2 _ gigo m2

Currcnt iand usc DrY land unutilisedCurrcnt landuse dcsignation Budlding landLandfonni FiatSurroundinig landusc Dry land unutilised

C. Climatic conditions: Mean annial tempcriure Degrees Celcius 17.1Mean annual precipitation cm 104. 8Frost frce period Days per year 1273

98A 402404.05 PM

Epb 2U ~~ENVIRONMENTAvL IMPACT, MANAGEMENT AND MONITORIN&Gay

Production, Processing and Marketing Actisities

Prosince - PrefccgurelCounty Sichuan Liangshan XichangCompanN name Seed Proccssing Mill of Panxi Foods Co..Ltd.

1. STAC(K EMISSIONS Stcan Capacity Fuel Consumed FuC TypcBoiler specifications O _ _5_ 4 tld Industnial coal 5,500 kCaJA

2. LIQUID EFFLUENTS Source Volume (M3/d) Characteristics DestinationProcess None None NoneDomestic sewage 10 m3/d EBOD COD City Sewage SysytemWash water NIone None NoneTreatment Domestic wastewater wilt be treated by soptic tankTreatment provided None None None

3. SOLID WASTES Volume (M3/d) Characteristics DestinationClinker and ash B5DKg/d Dry 3cm screen sirze Brick/load makingProduction wastes 3.2t/d pig_ feed

Domestic wastes 300KgOd Organic matenals City Lanfll TOpDust collccted 0. 6t/d Organic materials CompostingffeedmillsConstiucuion wastes Negligable

4. WORKPLACE CONDITIONS Concentration Measures takenProcess dust: Processing area < 10 mg/m3 Dust extraction system installed

Storage arcas < 10 mgVm3 Dust extraction system installedAsh disposal < 10 mglm3 Dust extractfon system insta led

Fire Hazards: Potential cause Measures takenProcess area Dust/seed Extinguishers providedStorage areas Dust/seed Extinguishers providedFuel handling Coal/dust Extinguishers provided

Noise: Source Measures takenProcess area Seed Machinery Noise limits specifid within National StandardsFacto,y boundary None None

5. TRANSPORr Quantity tid Mode No of trucksMaterials intake 22 Trucks (at 15 locations) 2Coal intake 4 Truck (weekly) IMaterials out 22 Truck (at 15 Jocations) 3Garbage/asih out I Truck 1

6. CONSTRUC1 ION Source Measures takenNoise Negigable NegligableDust Negligable Negigable

7. MONITORING PLANResponsible person <1> Xichang Enviromental Protection Monitoring StationStaff involved 1 One at each processing plantWhen assignedExternal agency Xichang EPBQuality Control Sichuan Provincial Seed Q. C. Bureau

8. COSTSInvestment costs Waste water treatmint svsitm 30, OOOCNY per sopatic tank construction

Dust collectionRecurrent costs Included in general plant operating costs

9. PUBLIC CONSULTATION The construction project is very small In nature,and public consultation would not be required.

10. REMARKS Refer to Summary

98/06124 04:0S PMNotes Persontnci w otild be assigned at the time of F at the time of project implcmcntation

Environmental Impact Assessment onXichang Mlunicipal Yuchang Silk Industry Co. Ltd.

Sumnmarv


Xicciang NMunicipal Yuchang Silk Iidustry Co. Ltd(foriierty iiamed Michiang Silk Mill) is Iocated in

XKichan miunicipality of Liangshian Yi Nationahty Autonomy Region and covers a area of 220'11 mI

TIhe naint product of the proposed project will he white raw silk (3A-4A) with a proposed capacity

of 18.S t,y. In the project area there are not any rivers passing through there.

T'here is usiialh a fresh wind in X;icihang city, the average wind speed throughout the year is 6-7

im sec.

2. WN astewater discharge and pollution load

The wvasrtewater discharged from the mill is niainly come fro.m silk-worm cocootl processing 4ysteni

witLi a discharge amounit of 400 m'!d. and houselhold buil&dna with a discharge amounit of SO t/d.

The pollJtion load of process wastewater will be as follows

BOD: 19.8 kg/d

NH3-N: 13.9 kg'd

SS: 15.8 kg/d

Tlhe pollution load of domestic wastewater will be ae follows:

B(C)D: 16 kved

COD: 32 kagd

SS 17.6kg!d

NH3-N: 3.2 kg'd

Tfie w-iatewater from processuig system will be treated by mechanucal-chemical treatsnent method

before it is discharged into irrigatioi canals. I'lie domestic wastewater will be pre-treated by septic

tank beiVote it is discharged intp municipal sewage pipewlie systetn.

J. W:tste gas discharge and pollution load

The waste eas discharged from thie company will be mna.iiy come fonm fuel comIbustion For sleani

supply. Ilie pollution load of waste gEas Nvil be as follows:

SO2: 6.7 kg/h

lTSP: 3.75 kg/h

1 lhe wastecas will be treated by, dust remover installed on the boiler. The collected dust will be

disrosed together 'wth the solid wasie mentioned below.

4. Solidl dnte production

The uidustial solid waste in the mill will be mainly come from fuel consumption and domestic soLid

waste willl be mainly come from households of the company.

The amnount of industrial solid waste pr oduction will be estimated as I t/d. The inidustrial soLid waste

from the milL together with the collected dust mentioned above. will be brought to outside for road

constmnction.

The amount of domestic solid waste from the mill will be given as 150 kgld, which consists of wastefrom households and has a high content of vegetables and other organic matters. The domestic soLid

waste xvill he transported to a municipal dump site for disposal.

Nolise

T1he aoise in the mill will be mainly come from reeling machine. The noise lirnits in process auea uill

be -pecifiwd within National Standaids. The noise from construction actiVities will be negligible

4

Epb20) Pagc ICHINA - SEEDS SECTOR COMMERCIALISA1TION PROJECT


PROJECT DESCRIPTIONA. Project location:Province - Prefecture/Couniv Sichuan Liangshan .ichantgCompanv name Nichang Silk Reeling NWlRcpresentcd at Appraisail bs Mr.Li Guo Rong

Sub-projcct niumnber

B. Purpose of project: Auto Reeler 800ends:Reeltng Silk and AlarketingProposed production Raw Silk:4&8t/a,inciuded 4A of 70%;3A of 30%.Products Raw Sil1k:48.81a,included 4A of 770;3,1 of 300,%Pcrsons employed on project 92

LAND ACQUISITION AND RESETTLEMENTC Land acquired:Arca of land acquired Hectares 0 No landl acquired for projedNumnbcr afTected Families 0

Persons 0Loss of dwvellings Families 0Loss of income Families 0Other losses Families 0Voluntary acccptancc Families 0

D. Compcnsation and relocationLind purchase (Y'X)O) 0Crop compensation (Y00) 0BBuilding compeisation (Y00)0) 0Relocation expcnses (Y)00) 0Nen land area allocated Hectares 0Other comnpcnsation (Y'tOO) 0

E. Monitoring proceduresKey events achieved (Yes/No) Land acquired Yes

Compensation paid NoNew land occupied Ato

F. Land useArea occupied by buildings tn2) 444. 0 m2

Cuirent land usc Indusirial LanduseC(urrent landuse designation BuiJding landLandform FlatSurrounding landusc Dry land unutiltsed

C. Climatic conditions:Mean annual tempcraturc Degrees Ceicius 17.4Mean annual precipitation cm 104.8Frost free penod Days per year 273

9810 24 02.09 PM

Epb-20 Pagc 2

ENVIROffMENTAL IMPACT, MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING| ~~~~~~~~~~~~Production, Processing and Marketing Activities

Province - Prefecture/Countk Sichuan Liangshan Xichang_Company namc Xichang Silk Reeling Mill

1. STACK EMISSIONS Steam Capitcity Fuel Consumed Fuel TypcBoiler specirflcat ions ; 4 t4i Stid Industnal coal 5,500 kCab%

2. LIQUID EFFLUENTS Source Volume (M3/d) Characteristics DestinationProcess 400m31d Organic materials Dischaged into Irrigation CanalDomestic sewage 130m3/d BOO ,COD City Sewage SysytemWash water None None NoneTreatment Mechanical-Chemical treatment for _

Treatment provided None None None

3. SOLID WASTES Volume (M31d) Characteristics DestinationClinker and ash 1.Otfd Dry Screen road makingProduction wastes None

Domestic wastes 15OKg/dDusI collected NoneConstruction wastes Negligable

4. WORKPLACE CONDITIONS Concentration Mcasures taken _

Process dust: Proccssing area

il ~~~~~~~~Storage arcasAsh disposal <2 rny Waste-screen extraction sysfem installed

Fire Hazards: Potential cause Measures takenProcess area Silk products Extinguishers providedStorage areas Silk woducts Extinguishers providedFuel handling Coal/dust Extinguishers provided

Noise: Source Mcasures taken

Process area NegligableFactory boundary Negfigable

5. TRANSPORT Quantit3 tld Mode No of trucks

Materials intake 1 5 Trucks (at 15 locations) 0.4Coal intake 5.0 Truck (weekly) 1Materials out 1.5 Truck (at 15 locatons) 0.4Garbagelash out 1.2 Truck 0.2

6. CONSTRUCTION Source Measures takenNoise NegligableDust Neg_ _ _ __ __

7. MONITORING PLANResponsible person < 1> Xichang Envirrncental Protection Monitoring StationStaif involved 1 One at each processing plantWhen assignedExternal agency Xichang EPSQuality Control Sichuan Provincial Silk O. C. Bureau

8. COSTSInvestment Costs1 Wasic wvaler trcatmndi sstem 100 000 CNY

Dust collectionRecurrent costs 800 CNY/d

9. PUBLIC CONSULTATION The construcrion project is very small in nature,and public consultation would not be required.

1O). REMARKS Refer to Summary

980624 02:09 PMNotcs: Pcrsonncl would be assigned at the time of projcca i at the time of project iinpicnicntation.

lEnvironmental Impact Assessment on

Xicheng Wholesale Market.

Summary


Xicheng Wholesale Market would be located in a new development zone of Xicheng city.This would replace the existing wholesale market that is congested, and has been identified bythe Bank's marketing consultant to be a serious constraint to expanding fruit and vegetableproduction and marketing in Liangshan Prefecture. The market could handle over 900 tons perday of agricultural and horticultural produce and would become the major wholesale market inthe Anning Valley, and would be owned by Xicheng Municipal Government.

The market would be constructed on a 30 mu site located about 0.5 Km from the down-townarea of Xicheng, and would include an integrated cool store and ventilated store for fiuit andvegetables. The overall market structure area would be approximately 7,000 m2 including6,000 m2 covered market floor. The building would be completely open at both ends, butclosed at both sides by a row of stores and offices running the length of the building. Thesewould be arranged with cool stores and ventilated stores at ground level, with offices andcommunications center above. Four site entrances would each be 30m wide, and the frontboundaiy would incorporate a block of shops and offices. The rear boundary wouldincorporate public toilets, and trash removal bins. The design is for the market to be doubled incovered area at some time in the future.

The selected market site opens on to a main highway out of the city, and would not causecongestion on the highway. In fact the new market would relieve congestion at theexisting market site. There is frequently a fresh wind in. Xicheng city, the average windspeed throughout the year is 6-7 km/h

2. Waste water discharge and pollution load

The wastewater discharged from the market would be only wash water at the end of eachday, and sewage from the public toilets and washing facilities, with an estimated dischargeamount of 15 t/d from each of these two sources. The pollution load of domesticwastewater will be be in the following range:

BOD 5-9kg/dCOD 5-7kg/dNH3-N 0. 5-1.0 kg/dSS 200 - 450 kgld

The waste water will be pre-treated by septic tank after which it is discharged intomunicipal sewage pipeline system.

3. Waste gas discharge and pollution load

There will be no boilers or incinerators at the market, and no waste gas or industrial dustemissions are expected.


Relatively large volumes of solid waste can be expected at the market. Vegetable matterfrom trimming operations, fruit and vegetable discarded when over ripe, packing materialsand the detritus of several hundred farmers and traders will produce a significant load ofsolid waste materials.

The total solid waste production should be based on a proportion of the daily throughputof the market, and is dependent on the efficiency of the operation. Waste levels of 1.0%would be a very conservative estimate, and 10% a very high estimate. Assuming theseextremes and a peak daily throughput at the market of 900t/d of produce, we shouldexpect the solid wastes to peak at 9 - 90 t/d. If the average market throughput is closer to600t/d then the solid waste would be in the order of 6 - 60 t/d.

Most of the organic materials will be bought as compost by local farmers, and inorganicwastes will be disposed at the city landill tip.

5 - Noise

The noise in the market will be mainly from transport and people. Neither of these can bemitigated by investing in environmental control equipment, but building designs canreduce the spread of such noise, and this will be investigated at the time of designing themarket.

Epb-20 Page 1CHINA - SICHUAN ANNING VALLEY AGRICULTURAlI DEVELOPMENT PROJECT

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT, LAND ACQIJISITION AND RESETTLEMENT

PROJECT DESCRIPTIONIIA Project location:|Province - Prefecture/County Sichuan Province, Liangshan Prfecture, Xichang Cityj|Company name Xicheng Wholesale MarketIRepresented at Appraisal by Mr. Lui Li

*Sub-project number _

11B. Purpose of project: Whoiesale Market for fruit and vegetables;jiProposed production 600tVd to 900 tld of produceiProducts Fruit and vegetables!Persons employed on project Full time employees 15 Temporary or seasonal workers 50

I, LAND ACQUISITION AND RESETTLEMENTiC. Land acquired: _lArea of land acquired Hectares 2.00 ilINumber affected Families 15

Persons 75ILoss of dweliings FamilieslLoss oF income Families i15lOther losses Families 0Voluntary acceptance Families 15

0). Compensation and relocationLand purchase (Y000) 4650Crop compensation CYD00) 11200Building compensation (YOD0) _0

Relocation expenses (YOOO) 150New land area allocated Hectares Z00Other compensation (Y'000) __

|E. Monitoring procedures ._.|Key events achieved (Yes/No) Land acquired No

Compensation paid |NoNew land occupied NO

IF. Land usejrArea occupied by buildings (m2) Designed area 6000

'Current land use |AgricultureICurrent landuse designation Agriculture|Landformn iFlatSurrounding landuse Commercial __

IG. Climatic conditions: !l|!Mean annual temperature Degrees Celcius 117IlMean annual precipitation cm 101iFrost free period Days per year !300

08-Jul-98 11:38AM

Epb-20 Page 2ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT, MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING

Production, Processing and Marketing Activities

bProvince - Pretecture/County Sichuan Province, Liangshan Prfecture, Xichang CityCompany name Xicheng Wholesale Market

i. STACK EMISSIONS Steam Capacity Fuel Consumed FuelTypeiBoiler specifications: 0 0

'2. LIQUID EFFLUENTS Source Volume (M3ld) Characteastics iDestinationProcess |None Wone INoneDomestic sewage |15n/d ICOB, BOD=800-1000 iCity Sewage SysytemWash water 15m3/d COB,BOD.=150-300 INoneTreatment None - discharge to city sewage systemTreatment provided None iNone None

b3. SOLID)WASTES IVolume (M31d) ]Characteristics DestinationClinker and ash b.0 lNoneProduction wastes 50tld lOrganic mateials lfeedDomestic wastes 1,000kg/d |Organic materials I City Landfill TipDust collected >0Kg1dConstruction wastes !None ; _ _ _

WORKPLACE CONDITIONS IConcentration IMeasures takenProcess dust: Processing area |None lNone

Storage areas WNone NoneAsh disposal None iNone

IFire Hazards: Potential cause IMeasures takenProcess area None iNoneStorage areas None NoneFuel handling None INone

INoise: Source Measures takenProcess area Neghligable INoneFactory boundary Neghligable INone

r5. TRANSPORT Quantity tVd Mode INo of trucksMaterials intake 00 Truck 57Coal intake 0 TruckMaterials out 500 ! Truck 7IGarbage/ash out o ITruck _7_

s. CONSTRUCTION ISource Measures taken _

Noise INegligable i _

Dust INegligable _ j _,

7. MONITORING PLANResponsible person <1> Xichang EnvioMonitoring StationStaff involved 6When assigned Will be assigned 199External agency Will be Xichang EPB.Quality Control

I8. COSTSillnvestment costs Waste water treatment system lNone

Dust collection NoneRecurrent costs INone

19. PUBLIC CONSULTATIONYNone

r110. REMARKS Refer to Summary

08-Jul-98 11:38 AMNotes 1 > Personnel would be assigned at the time of project implementation.

Envir onme ntal Impact Assessment onRice Processing Mill of Panxi Foods Co., Ltd.

Summary


Rice Processing Mill of Panxi Foods Co., Ltd. is located in Xichang municipality of LiangahanYi Nationality Autonomy Region andl covers a area of 17.6 Chinese Mu. The main products of theproposed project will be refined rice and by-products with a proposed capacity of 21007 t/y. In theproject area there are not any rivers passing through there.

There is usually a fresh wind in Xichang city, the average wvind speed throughout the vear is 6-7tr/sec.

2. WVastemater discharge and pollution load

The wastewater discharged from the factory is mainly come from houschold buildings with adischarge amount of 15 tld. The pollution load of domestic wastewater will be as follows:

BOD: 3 kg/dCOD: 6 kgdSS: 3.3kgdNH,-N: 0.6 kgId

The domestic wastewater will be pie-treated by septic tank before it is discharged into mtunicipalsewage pipeline system.


The waste -as discharged from the factory will be mainly come frorn fuel combustion for meamsupply. The pollution load of waste gas will be as follows:

S02. 10.67 kg/hTSP: 40 kg'h

The waste gas will be treated by dust remover installed on the boiler. The collceted dust will bedisposed together with the solid waste mentioned below.


The industrial solid waste in the factory is mainlly come from processing system and fuel

consumnption, and domestic solid waste is mainly come from ihouseholds of tlhe plant. Thle total

amount of inidustrial solid waste production is estimated as 35.6 tVd, includini solid waste ofclilikeriashl and production wastes (huslk of rice). Tlie industrial solid waste fiomi fuel consumrrption.

toetlier Nivli the collected dust mentioiied above. *ill be broueht to outside for road coisitiiction

and the solid waste from rice processing is used as a pig feed.

The aniount of doicstic solid waste from the factory is sven as 350 kg/d. which consists of waste

from in uselcods and lhas a high content of vegetables and other organic matters. The domiiestic solid

wvaste ir traivported to a municipal (dumlip site Itr disposal.

In addliticni the process dust, whicl is estimated as 0.07 tVd. will be miainly come fiomsl thle areas of

seed proceasmg and ash disposal. so the dust extraction system shioud be installed for each of 2arcas.

Noise

IThe noise ui the company will be mainly come from rice processuig area. lhe sno!se linuts in process

area wil! be specified withini National Standards. The noise fiom construction activities will beneglieihble.

I,

l.

Epb-20 Pagc 1CHINA - SEEDS SECTOR COMMERCIALISATION PROJECT


PROJECT DESCRIPTIONA. Project location:Pros incc - PrefecturcCounty Sichuan l.iangslhan .1ichang-Compain nan;c Rice Processing Afill ofl'anxi /ionls (Co.. LdRcprcsentcd at Appraisal by Mr. Wang Kang Dian

Sub-project number

B. Purpose or project: Fine Rice l'rocessing and Mark-etingProposed production 21007t/a,Products Special Fragrant Rice 400va,S%'ycial Plearl Rice 4I i 11.a: Standard PiPersons employed on project 43

LAND ACQUISITION AND RESETTLEMENTC. Land acquired _Arca of land acquircd Hectares 1.2 No and acquired for proiectNumbcr affeccied Families 0

Persons 0Loss of dwellings Families 0Loss of incomc Families 0Other losses Fanilies 0Voluntarv acceptanjcc Families 0

D. CompeniJation and relocationLand purchase (Y'000) 0Crop coiupcllsatioit (Y'O(X)) 0Building compensation (YMOOO) 0Relocation cxpenscs (Yt)) 0NCei land arca allocatcd Hectares 0Othcr compcnsation (Y'Ut)0) O

E. Monitoring proceduresIKe; cm euts achieved (Yes/No) Land acquired Yes

Compensation paid NoNew land occupied No

F. Land use Arcat occupied b\ buiidinigs (m _ 6030 m2

Current land use Dry land unutilisedCurrent landuse designation Building landLandfonn fiatSurrounding latidusc Dry land unutilised

G. Climatic conditions:Mean annual tempcrature Degrees Ceicius 17.1Mcan antnual precipitation ctn 104.8Frost free pcriod Davs per year .273

98106/24 02:09 PM

Epb-20 Pagc 2

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT, MANAGEMENT AND MONITORINGProduction, Processing and Markcting Activities

Province - Prefecture/Countv Sichuan Liangshan Xic iang

Company name Rice Processing Mill of Panxi Foods Co.Lld.

1. STACK EMISSIONS Steam Capacity FntC Consumcd Fuel TypeBoiler specifications 0.5 t4h 8t/d industrial coal 5,500 kCal4q

2. LIQUID EFFLUENTS Source Volume (M31d) Characteristics DcstinationProcess None None NoneDomestic sewage t5t/d BOD COD City Sewage SysytemWash watcr None None NoneTreatment Domestic wastewater will be treated by soptic tankTreatmcnt provided None None None

3. SOLID WASTES Volume (M3/d) Characteristics Destination

Clinker and ash 1. 6tid Coal ashProduction wastes 4tUd Organic materials feed

Domestic wastes 35OKgld Organic materials City Landill TVpDust collected 7OKg/d Organic materials Comrosting/feedmillsConstiruction wvastlc Negligable __...

4. WORKPLACE CONDITIONS Concentration Measures takenProcess dust Proccssing arca < 10 mg'm3 Dust extraction system installed

Storagc areas < 10 mgtrn3 Dust extraction system installedAsh disposal < 10 mg#n3 Dust extraction system instal.led

Fire Hazards Potential cause Measures takenProccss arca DusVrice Extinguishers providedStorage areas rice Extinguishers providedFuel landling Coal/dust Extinguishers provided

Noise Source Measures taken

Process area NegligableFaloriy boundary Negligable

5. TRANSPORT Quantity tid Mode No of trucks

Malcrials intake 13 Trucks (at 15 locations) 2Coal intake 8 Truck (weekly) 1Materials oul1 17 Truck (at 15* ocations) 3Garbage/ash out 34 Truck 1

6. CONSTRtJCTION Source Measures taken

Noise Negligable NegligableDust Neg,gabie NeglVgable

7. MONITORING PLAN I

Responsiblc person <1> Xichang Enviromental Protection Monitoring StationStafl involved 1 One at each processing plantWhen assignedExtemal agencv Xichang EPBQualily Control Sichuan Provincial Seed Q. C. Bureau

8. COSTSInvestment costs Waste water trcatliicnt sn scm

Dust collectionRecurrent costs

9. PtUBLIC CONSULTATIO The construction project is very small in nature,and public consultation would not be required.


98106124 02.09 PMNotes -<1> Personiel would be assigned at the tim at the time of projcct impliementation.

Environmental Impact Assessment onNingian Silk Mill.

Summan-

1. Envirommental background

Ningian silk mill is located in Nineuan county of Liangshan Yi Nationality Autonomy Region aiid

covers a area of 29000 m2. The main product of the proposed project will be white rawv silk (3A-4A)

with a proposed capacity of 142.8 t/y. In the project area the:re is a agricultural canal passing through

thtere.

Nmiznan county has an average windspeed of 5-6 n/isec thriougiout the year.

2. Wastewater discharge and pollution load

Thie wastewater discharged from the mill is mainly come from silkworm cocoon processing syster

-iti a discharge amount of 1000 m3/d, and household buildings Withi a discharge amount of 10o t'd.

Frhe pollution load of process wastewater w,i}l be as follows:

BOD: 46.8 kz/d

NH3-N: 32.9 kg'd

SS: 37.4 kgfd

=I'he poliutton load of domestic wastewater wll be as follows:

BOD: 20 kF'd

COD: 40 ktid

SS: 22 kid

NH,-N: 4 kg'd

The wastewater from processing system wYil be pre-tbeated by mechanical-chemical treatment

nietfiod betbre it is discharged into the imgation canal. The domestic wastewater will be pre-treated

bv septic tank before it is discharged into municipat sewage pipeline system.

3. Waste eas discharge and pollution load

Tlhe \vwate gas discharged from the company wNill be mainly comiie fiom fuel conibustion for steam

supply. The polution load of waste gas will be as follows:

SO2: 20 kg'h

TSP: 112 kegh

The wasle gas wiUl be treated by dust remover installed on the boiler. The existing dust remover is

warer-screen type, through which a lot of pollutions in waste gas can be reinoved. The wash water

from the dust remover will be treated in a sediment tank- before discharge. and the sludge from the

tank will be treated together with the solid waste mentioned below.


The industnal solid waste in the mill 6ill be mairdy come from fuel consumption. and the domestic

sobd waste will be mainly come from households of the mill.

The total anmount of industial sold Nvaste production will be estimated as 3 t'd. The induistrial solid

waste from the rnill (clinker and ash). together with the shldge from sediment tank mentioned above,

wvill be brought to outside for road constiuction.

The amount of domestic solid waste will be given as 500 kg/cd, which consists of waste fiom

heuseholds and has a content of vegetables and other organic matters. The domestic solid waste xill

be transpoiled to a municipal dump site for disposal.

Noise

Thte noioe fiom construction actiites will be negligible.

E2t-2t) Eagc_CHINA - SEEDS SECTOR COMMERCIALISATION PROJECT

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT, LAND ACQUISITION AND RESEITLEMENT

PROJECT DESCRIPTiON

A. Project location:Province - PrCfccturc/Couinilt Sichuan lbangshan VngnanCompani name tivngnan County S/kA fill/.Representcd at Appraisal bs Mr.Zhang Pei Mo

Sub-projcct nmmbcr

B. Purpose of project: Auto Reeler 2400ends;;Relvng SilA amd karketingProposed production Raw Silk:142.8t/a,induded 4A of 70%;3A of 30%.Products Raw Silk. 142.&/a,included 4A of 70%;3A of 31%.Persons emploved on projecl 224

LAND ACQUISITION AND RESETTLEMENTC. Lsnd acquired: I

Area of land acquired Hectares 0 No land acqured for projectNumber alfccted Fainilics 0

Persons 0Loss of cd1eilings Fanilies 0Loss of incomc Fazniliis 0Olhcr losscs Families 0Voluntarn acceptance Families 0

D. Compensation and relocationLand purchiasc (Y'OIO) 0Crop collmpelsatioi (Y'o) 0Building compensation (YOOU) 0Rclocation expcnises (Yt.()) 0Neii land area allocated Heclares 0Othcr cotnpcnsation (Y0w0) 0

E. Monitoring proceduresKev events achieved (Yes/No) Land acquired no

Compensation paid NoNew land occupied No

F. Latnd u.se ___________________________________________

Area occupied by buildings (m2) 1059.2 m2

Current land usc Industrial LanduseCurrenl landuse designation Building landLandfor_n FlatSurrounding landuse Dry land unutilised

G. Climatic conditions:Mean annual temperature Degrees Ceicius 19Mean annual preciptlation cm 90Frost free pcriod Days pcr year 1 320

9&V6124 02:09 PM

E-pb-20 Pagc 2

ENVIRONMENTALI IMPACT, MANAGEMENT AND MONITORINGProduction, Processing and Marketing Activities

Province - Prefecture/Countv Sichuan Liangshan NingnanCompanv name Ningnan County Silk Mill

! . STACK EMISSIONS Steam Capacity Fuel Consumcd Fuel TypeBoiler specirwations 4 tVhx2 15&1d Industrial coal 5, 500 kCal&

I 2. LIQUID EFFLUENTS Source Volume (M3/d) Characteristics DestinationProcess 1OOOmn3/d Organic materials Dischaged into Imgat,on CanalDomestic sewage 0 BOD COO City Sewage SysytemWash water None tAone NoneTreatment Mechanical-Chemical treatment wasted _

Trcatment provided None None None

3. SOLID WASTES Volume (M3/d) Characteristics DestinationClinkcr and ash 3. Ot/dProduction wastes None

Dotnestic wastes 500Kgld Organic materials City landfill tipDust collected NoneConstruction wastcs Negligable

! 4. WORKPLACE CONDITIONS Concentration Measures takenProcess du.t: Proccssing area 0

Storage areas 0Ash disposal <20Q7V Dust extraction system insta lea

Fire Hazards: Potential cause Measures takenProcess arca Silk products Extinguishers providedStorage areas Silk products Extinguishers providedFuel handling Coal/dust Extinguishers provided

Noisc: Source Measures takenProcess area Negligable _Factory boundan Negligabie .

5. TRANSPORT Quantith t/d Mode No of trucks

Materials intake 22.0 Trucks (at 15 locations) 3Coal intake 15.0 Truck (weekly) 3Malerials out 3.0 Truck (at 15 locations) IGarbagelash out 3.0 Truck 1.0

6. CONSTRUCTION Source Measures taken

Noise NegligableDust Negligable

7. MONITORING PLAN _

Responsible person Ningnan Envtromental Protection Monitoring StationStaff involved 1 One at each processing plantWhen assignedExternal agency Ningnan EPBQuality Control Sichuan Provincial Silk Q.C. Bureau

8. COSTSInvestment costs Waste water treatnient systcm 300 000 CNY

Dust collectionRecurrent costs 800 CNY/d

9. PUBLIC CONSULTATION The construction prolect Is very small in nature,and public consultation would not be required.


98/0824 02:09 PM

lEnvironmenital Impact Assessment o01

Huidong Silk Mlill

Summarv


Huidong silk rnMl is located in Huidong County of Liaugshan Yi Nationality Autonomy Region andcovers a area of 29984.9 m2. The main product of the proposed project will be white raw slk (3A-4A) with a proposed capacity of 48.8 t/y.

In the project area there is a river named Canyu River passing through there. Canyu river is atributarv of Jinsha River with an annual flow of 18 m31sec. T he water quality in the river is normallygood, wiuclh means that the river water quality can meet class III National Water Qualit)y Standard.

There is usually a fresh wind in Huidong county, the average wind speed throughout the year is 5-6nm'sec.

2. Wastewater dischargo and pollution load

Thie wastewater discharged from the mill is mainly come from silkworm cocoon processing Asytem

with a discharge amount of 980 Mrn/dl, and household buildings with a discharge amouwit of 120 Vd.The pollution load of process wastewater will be as follows:

BOD: 46.8 kg!dNHJ-N: 32.9 kgkdSS: 37.4 kuJ/

Tlhe pollution load of domestic wastewater will be as follows:

BOD: 24 kgd

COD 4S kg/dSS: 6.4 kg/dNH3-N: 4.S kg/d

The wastewater from processing system uill be treated bv bio-chemnical treatment method before it

is discharged into Canyu river. The concentrations of pollutant in treated wastewater can meet

Sichuan Provincial Wastewater Discharge Standards.

The doniestic wastewater will be pre-treated by septic tank before it is dischiaIged into municipal

sewage pipeline system.


Thie waste gas discharged from the compan wvill be mainly come from fuiel combustion for steam

supply. The pollution load of waste gas will be as follows:

SO2: 16 kg/h

TSP: 90 kg/d

The waste gas will be treated by dust remover mistalled on the boiler. The existing dust remover is

uater-sreen type, through which a lot of pollutants can be removed. The wash water from the dust

remover will be treated by a sediment tank before discharge. The treated water is rew%ed for dust

rermoval and the sludge from the tank- will be treated together with solid waste mentioned below.


Thne industiial solid waste in the mill will be mainly come from fuel consumption. and domestic solid

waste wAll be mainly come from households of the mill.

Tlte total amount of industrial solid waste production will be estiniated as 2.4 t'd. includinu solid

waste of clinker and ash. The industrial solid waste from the milla together widt the sludge mentioned

above, will be brought to outside for road construction.

The amount of domestic solid waste will be given as 700 kg/d, wvhich consists of waste from

house holds and has a content of vegetables and other organic niatters. The donmestic solid waste will

be transported to a municipal dump site for disposal.

Noles

1The noise fisom construction activitics will be negligble.

Pagc I

CHINA - SEEDS SECTOR COMMERCIALISATION PROJECTENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT, LAND ACQUtISrTION AND RESETTLEMENT

PROJECT DESCRIPTION_A. Project location:Province - PrcfccturelCounnt Sichuan Liongshan IluidouagCompany name Huidong Countv .Sik .MIItRepresented at Appraisal by Mr. Lao Xiang Sin

Sub-project numnber

B. Purpose of project: Auto Reeler 800cnds;Reeling Silk and MarketingProposed production Raw Sik:48. Wa, Included 4A of 70%;3A of 30%.Products Raw Silk. 48.8L4a,included 4A of 70%:;3,l of 30tP6.

Persons emploved on projccw 224

LAND ACQUISMON AND RESEITLEMENTC. Land acquired: Arra of land acquired Hectarms 0 No land acquired for projecNumber affected Fanilies 0

Persons 0Loss of dwellings Families 0Loss of incomc Families 0Other losses Families 0Voluntarv acceptancc Families 0

D. Compensation and relocationLand purchasc (YU000) 0Crop compcnsation (Y0o0) 0Building compensation (Y000) 0Relocation expcnses (Y 000) 0Ncw land area allocaicd Hectares 0O1thcr comllpcnsation CY'OOO) 0

E. Monitoring proceduresKey events achieved (YesfNo) Land acquired Yes

Compensation paid NoNcw land occupied No

F. Land useArea occupied b) buildings (m2) 784 m2

Current land usc Industrial LanduseCurrent landusc designation Buliding landLandformn FlatSurrounding landusc Dry land unutilised

G. Climatic conditions:Me-an annual temperaturc Degrees Celcius 16Mean annual precipilation cm 104.8Frost free period Days per year 1273

98106/24 02:09 PM

Epb 2) Pagc 2

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT, MANAGEMENT AND MONITORINGProduction, Processing and Marketing Activities

Province - PrefectureCounts Sichuan Liangshan HuidonCompana- name Huidong County Silk Mill

I. STACK EMISSIONS Steam Capacity Fuel Consumed Fuel TypeSoiler specifications: 4 tfx2 12t2d industrial coal 5, 000 kCaUk

2. LIQUID EFFLUENTS Source Volume (M3/d) Characteristics DestinattionProcess 980m3fd Organic materials Dischaged into Imgation CanalDomestic sewage 120m31d Organic materials City Sewage SysytemWash water None lNone NoneTreatment Mechanical-Chemical treatment forTreatment provided None None None

3. SOLID WASTES Volume (M3/d) Characteristics DestinationClinker and ash 2.4tW Dry 3cm Screen road makingProduction wastes None

Domestic wastes 70OKg/d Organic materials City Landfill TipDust collected None _

Constuction wastes Negligable

4. WORKPLACE CONDITIONS Concentration Measures takenProcess dust Processing area

Storage areasAsh disposal <20mntg Waste-screen extraction system installed

Fir Hazards: Potential cause Measures taken

Process area Silk products Extinguishers providedStorage areas Silk products Extinguishers providedFuel handling Coalldust Extinguishers provided

Noisx: Source Measures takenProcess area NegligableFactory boundary ANegligable

5. TRANSPORT Quantity I/d Mode No of tnicksMaterials intake 1?4 Trucks (at 15 locations) 1Coal intake 12 0 Truck (weekly) 2Matcrials'out 0 7 Truck (at 15 Jocations) IGarbagc/ash out 3.0 Truck 1.0

CONSTRUCTION Source Measures taken

Noisc NegligableDust Negligable _

7. MONITORING PLAN_Responsible person <1> Huidong Enviromental Protection Monitonng StationStaff involved 1 One at each processing plantWhcn assignedExternal agencv Huidong EPBQualit~' Control Sichuan Provincial Silk Q. C. Bureau

S. COSTSInvestment costs Waste water treatmeni svstem 200,000 CNY

Dust coUectionRecurrent costs 400 CNY/d

'). PUBLIC CONSULTATION The construction project is very small An nature,and public consultation would not be required.

11). REMARKS Refer to Summary

98/O5C24 02:09 PMNotes Personncl %%ould be assigned at the time of project imr at the time of projcct implementation.

Environimental limpact Assessmient on4 II Yanbian Countv Ertan Silk Mtill

Sunituarv

1. Env ironmental background

Yifnbian County Ertan Silk. Mill is located in Yanbian county of PaZIhizua City and Covers ft area

of '1000 nm, The main product ot the proposed project will be white raw silk (3A-4A) with aprnposed capacity of 97.5 t/y. In the project area there are not aniy rivers passing thiroughi there.

Tlhere is usually a fresh wind in Yaanbiam cotyl-. the average wind speed throuiglhout the year iri 4-6

nilsCC.

2. Wastemater discharge and pollution load

The wastewvater discharged from the mill is mainly come from silk-worm cocoon processing sy-stem

with a discharge amount of 800 mnId. and household buildings with a discharge amotmt of IS U Vd.

Tlhe polUutioni load of process wastewater will be as follows

BOD: 46.8 kzyd

NHFI3-N: 32.9 kgid

SS: 374 k-gd

The poliition load of donlestic wastewater will be as follows:

BOD: 30 kg'd

COD. 60 kg-ldSs: 33 kg/d

NH3-N 6kg'd

the wastewater from processing systeni will be treated by mechanical-chernical tieatieuit iietliod

beltre it iq thschaiged into irrigalion canals. The domestic wasiewater will be pi e-tieated by septic

tank before it is discharged into municipal sewage pipeline system.

3. Waste gas dischlarge and pollution load

Tlhe w aste gas discharged from the mill will be nmaily come fromi fuel combustion foi steami supply'.

The pollution load of waste gas will be as follows:

S(Q2: 10.7 kg'h

TSP: 60 k,7h

The wastepas will be treated by dust remnover installed on the boiler. The collected dust will bedisposed together with the solid wu-ste mentioned below.


The industiial solid waste in the mill will be mainly come from fuel consunption, and domestic solid

waste will be mairly come from households of the company.

T'he amount of industrial solid waste production will be estimated as I tVd. The industrial solid wastefrom the mill, together with the collected dust mentioned above, will be brought to outside for mad

construcuon.

The amIoIuIt of domestic solid waste from the mill be gven as 150 kg!d, which consists of waste from

households and has a high content of vegctables and other oraic matters. The domestic solid waste

will be transported to a municipal dump site for disposal.

Noise

The noise in the mill will be mainly come from reeling machine. The noise limits in process area Wuill

be specified within National Standards. The noise from construction actiMties will be nezible.

Eph-2() Pagc I

CHINA - SEEDS SECTOR COMMERCIALISATION PROJECTENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT, LAND ACQIUISITION AND RESETLEMENT

PROJECT DESCRIPTION

A. Project kocation:Province - Prefecture/CountN Sichuan !'anzhilhua I anihia'Co.nmpnn namc Loanhinfenan) Silk nllReprcscnted nt Appraisal bh Mr.Huang Cheng Fu

Sub-project ntmhiLr

B. Purpose of project: Auto Reeler 1600endks,Rerling Silk aande Marloringl1rop)sd prTduclion Raw Silk:97.5tla.included 4A of 70%;3A of 30%.PtxucIs Raw Silk 97.5va.included 4.4 of 70° ;3A of 30°1o.'ersons emplo(ed (in protect 159

LAND ACQUISITION AND RESETTLEMENTC. LAnd acquired:Area of land acquired 1lectares 0 No lancI acquired for prxoectNumiber afl'cted Families 0

Persons 01.oss of dAellings Families 0Loss of incomn Families 0Other iosscs Farilies 0Voluntanr acceptance Fanilies 0

D. Compensation and relocationLand purchase (Y'000) 0

Crop compcnsatioin (Y'000) 0T13uilding comnpnsation (Y0(X)) 0Relocation expensLs (Y000) 0New land area allocatcd liectares 0Other compensation (YOO0) 0

E. Monitorin! proceduresKeY events achieved (Yes/No) Land acquired no

Compensation paid NoNew land occupied no

F. Land uscArea occulpied bY buildings (ni2) 1192.8 m2

CurTenit land usc Industrial LanduseCurrenl landusc destigation Building landLandloryn FlatSurrowiding landuse Dry land unutlfised

G. Climatic conditions:Mean annual temperature Degrees Ceicius 20Mcn anrnual precipitation Clm 101Frost frce 'ri(nd Days per vear 300

98&D6)24 04:09 PM

Epb-20) Iage 2

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT, MANAGEMENT AND MONITORINGProduction, Processing and Marketing Activities

Prnvince - Prerfecture/County Sichuan Panzhiuhu: YanhinCompani name Yanbian(ertan) SilU mill

1. STACK EMISSIONS Steam Capacity Fuel Consumed Fuel TypeBoiler specircations: 4 t4i 8t/d Industnal coal 6000kCalkg

2. LIQUID EFFLUENTS Source Volume (M3id) Characteristics DestinationProcess 800 Organic materials Dischaged into lmgation CanalDomestic scwage 150 Organic materials City Sewage SysytemWash water None _None NloneTreatment Mechanical-Chemical treatment torI reatmert provided None None None

3. SOLID WASTES Volume (M3/d) Characteristics DestinationClinker and ash 1. Od road makingProduction wastes None

Domestic wastes 300Kghd Organic materials City iandfill hpDust collected NoneContsruction wastes Negligable

4 WORKPLACE CONDITIONS Concentration Measures takenProcess dust: Processing area

Storage areasAsh disposal <20rngm Dust extraction system

Fire Hazards: Potential cause Measures takenrProcess area Silk products Extinguishers providedStorage areas Silk products Extinguishers providedFuel handling CoaU/dust Extinguishers provided

Noie: Source Measures taken

Process area NegligableFactory houndary Negligable

5. TRANSPORT Quantity Vd Mode No of ttrucksMaterials intake 22.0 Trucks (at 15 locations) 3Coal intake 16.0 Truck (weekly) 3Materials out 3.0 Truck (at 15 locations) IGarbage/ash out 4.0 Truck 1.0

6. CONSTRUCTION Source Measures taken

Noise NegligabteI)ust Negligabile

7. MONIlORING PLANResponsible person <1> Yanbian Enviromental Protection Monitoring StationStaff involved I One at each processing plantWhen assigncdExternal agency Yanbian EPBQuality Control Sichuan Provincial Silk Q.C. Bureau

8. COSTSInvestment costs Waste ssatcr treatfltesn ScSteno

Dust collectionRecurrent costs

9. PUBLIC CONSULTATION The construcdion project is very smatt in nature,t ~~~~~~~~and public cnsultation wouldnot be required.

10. REMARKS R'efer to Surnmary

a98/D6)24 04:09 PMNotes Persoriel %'ould he assigned at the time of project at the time of project implementation

Annex 10Anning Valley Agricultural Development Project

Summary of Social Assessment

I. Relevant Background

Geographical Location

1. The Anning Valley project is situated in the Anning River Valley in Southwest China.The project area cuts across Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture and Panzhihua Municipalityand involves a total of fifteen county-level administrative uinits: Xichang City and Mianning,Xide, Dechang. Puge, Huili, Huidong, Ningnan, Zhaojue and Butuo Counties in Liangshan andMiyi County, Yanbian County, and East, West, and Renhe Districts in Panzhihua. The projectarea covers is leaf-shaped, extending from 260 to 290 N. latitude and from 1010 to 1030 E.longitude.

Administrative History of the Project Region

2. The project area has historically been an important comrmunications corridor betweenSichuan and Yunnan provinces, as well as an area traversed by the "Silk Road of the South", andhas thus been an area that was considered important by Chinese imperial dynasties throughouthistory. Ever since the Han Dynasty (200 B.C.-200 A.D.), dynasties have establishedgovernmental and military outposts here. During the Republican Period (1911-1950), the areawas divided between Xikang and Yunnan provinces. Comrnunist Party forces occupied the areain 1950.

3. On October 10, 1952, the Liangshan Yi Autonomous Region was established, with itscapital at Zhaojue. On April 15, 1955, its name was changed to Liangshan Yi AutonomousPrefecture, under the jurisdiction of Sichuan Province. Xichang Administrative District wasestablished in 1952, but the Sichuan Provincial Government abolished the XichangAdministrative District in 1978 and gave two of its counties--Miyi and Yanbian--to PanzhihuaCity and incorporated the rest of its counties into Liangshani Yi Autonomous Prefecture, whosecapital was moved to Xichang. Since then, Liangshan has had 17 county-level units, of which 10(including the one city of Xichang) are incorporated into the Anning River Valley AgriculturalDevelopment Project (henceforth "The Anning Project.")

4. Before the establishment of Panzhihua Municipality, its territory belonged to Miyi,Yanbian, and Huili Counties in Xichang Administrative District and to Huaping and YongrenCounties in Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture in YunnaLn Province. In 1965, in order topromote the development of the mining industry and strengthen national defense, the CentralGovernment decided to establish a mining base area in this mineral-rich region. It thereforeestablished the Panzhihua Special District, and territory from Xichang City and ChuxiongCounty was carved off incrementally in 1965, 1972, and 19 78 to form the present boundaries of

Panzhihua Municipality, including the primarily agricultural areas of Miyi and Yanbian Countiesand Renhe District and the primarily urban and mining areas of the East and West Districts.Because the three agricultural areas of Yanbian, Miyi, and Renhe have large populations of Yiand other minorities, they have been administered as Yi counties since 1983. All five districts ofPanzhihua City are included in the Anning Project.

Population and Ethnic Groups in the Project Area.

5. The Yi and the Han Chinese are the major ethnic groups in the project area. This is oneof the earliest areas of habitation by the ancestors of today's Yi and remains to this day the areaof greatest concentration of the Yi population. As early as the Han dynasty, the ancestors of theYi were practicing a nomadic pastoral economy in this area, without much agriculture and withno cities. According to Yi written and oral genealogical sources, seventy generations(approximately 2000 years) have elapsed since Guho and Qoni, the two epic ancestors of the Yiin this area. After their migration into this area, the Yi began to practice a sedentary lifecombining agriculture and pastoralism.

6. Han Chinese have been moving sporadically into the area since the Han dynasty as well,clearing land for agriculture. Most of the Han migration into the area was connected with thesystem of military agricultural colonies. Military personnel would move into an area togetherwith their families, and also hire labor to prepare land for cultivation. Especially in the Yuan(1251-1380), Ming (1380-1645) and Qing (1645-1911) periods, large numbers of Han Chinesemoved into the Anning Valley with government encouragement and support and graduallymoved into the foothills to the east of the Anning River, becoming the typical rice cultivators ofthe region.

7. The Southwest is an ethnically mixed region. The project area borders on districts

inhabited by ethnic "Tibetans," Bai, Lisu, Naxi, and other groups. In consequence, the projectarea also has small populations of "Tibetans," Bai, Lisu, Naxi, and Miao.

8. According to statistics from the end of 1996, the 15 administrative areas included in theproject had a total population of 3.5 million (1.62 million in Liangshan Prefecture and 0.88million in Panzhihua Municipality). The minority population was 35% in Liangshan and 20% inPanzhihua6 .

5 Zangzu, the Chinese term usually translated into English as "Tibetan,' includes, in addition to those inside andoutside the Tibet Autonomous Region whom people outside China would call Tibetans, also a few hundredthousand speakers of languages of the Qiang family, many of whom had political and religious ties with thetraditional Tibetan government. Aside from a few cadres and teachers, all Zangzu in the Anning Project areabelong to this latter catego

Y.

6 In Panzhihua, the project would cover the counties which have approximately 388,000 urban residents, almostall Han. Out of 0.88 million total populations in Panzhihua, approximately 20% are minority.

Yi-the Aboriginal Inhabitants of the Project Area

9. Until the "democratic reforms of 1956", much of Liangshan was what Western Scholarsreferred to as "Independent Lololand", an area dominated by the clan-based, stateless polity andthe slaveholding system of the people who call themselves Nuosu and are known in the Chineselanguage as the Liangshan Yi. Even though commercial and cultural exchanges took place in thearea for a long time, relations between Yi and Han were characterized by constant friction andconflict. With the "democratic reforms", the slaveholding system was abolished and central ruleestablished. In the past 40 years, there has been a major change in politics, economics,education, and other aspects of life in the Yi areas, and Yi-Hlan relations have improvedconsiderably. But in Yi areas, especially those areas where Yi live in concentrated blocks, Yimethods of production are crude, life is still very poor, and to a large extent the Yi still preservetheir way of life, including the cultural and economic features that separate them from thesurrounding Han. This is a question to which the project must pay close attention. If donecorrectly, the project could have considerable influence in raising the standard of living of the Yiand helping them to modernize and adapt to the market economy.

10. While almost all the Yi affected by the project in the 10 Liangshan counties belong to theNuosu social and political system, most of the Yi in Renhe District are only distantly relatedculturally and politically to the Liangshan people. These people, who call themselves Lipuo andLaluo in their own languages, have lived for centuries in relatively close contact with their Hanneighbors, with whom they have had considerable economic, cultural, and even maritalinterchange. As a result, the lives and customs of these people on the eve of the revolution werenot appreciably different from those of their Han neighbors., though they tended to be poorer andlive in more remote areas.

11. In addition, there are a few thousand Yi in Miyi County who are mostly the descendantsof immigrants from Guizhou. Calling themselves Yala, Tazhi, Abu, and Nasu, they, like theLipuo and Shuitian, are socially and culturally much closer to Han peasants than are the majorityof Nuosu.

II. Preliminary Assessment

The Project and the Yi

12. The general purpose of the project is to develop agricultural resources to raise the livingstandards of the people of the project area. The project targets the Yi as one of the groups whoare to derive important benefits from the project, for following three reasons. a) Liangshan is aYi autonomous region, where the Yi are the earliest and most widespread inhabitants, composingwell over a third of the project area population. b) For various social and historical reasons, theYi have retained many characteristics of culture and lifesty'le that are very different from those ofthe mainstream society and are thus likely to be left out of conventional projects and difficult tolaunch on the road to development. c) Poverty in the project area, is primarily Yi poverty, and

the primary targets of poverty alleviation in this area are the Yi. The project counties that havethe highest Yi population are Zhaojue (96%); Butuo,(94%), Xide, (85%), and Puge. (74%).

Yi Life in the Liangshan Project Area

13. The Yi have traditionally practiced subsistence mixed farming. Farmers are 87% of thepopulation of the Liangshan project area and 93% in the four counties of highest Yiconcentration--Zhaojue, Butuo, Xide, and Puge. The population of Panzhihua Municipality ishalf agriculture and Yi constitute about 20%. The foci of Yi traditional agriculture are fieldcrops and animal husbandry. Field crops (grains and vegetables) are the most important focus,providing food and feed. Staple crops are primarily maize, buckwheat and potatoes, followed byoats and rice. Animal husbandry provides wool, meat, hides and manure. Because most Yi livein mountainous areas suitable for grazing, feed is less used. This gives a relatively high return onlivestock in comparison to that of Han farmers. Livestock (sheep and goats, pigs, cattle, andhorses) thus forms an important source of income for many Yi. Historically, supplementalproduction has included crafts, such as spinning, weaving, lacquer ware, carpentry,stonemasonry, silversmithing, and blacksmithing, along with forest production including woodgathering, hunting, and bookkeeping. These occupations are integrated, and neither crafts,forestry, nor animal husbandry is completely separated from crop farming as a means ofsubsistence. Yi farmers are almost exclusively engaged in agriculture and animal husbandry,which together accounted for 83% of farmers' income. The secondary and tertiary sectors,including industry, construction, and commerce accounted for only 8.8%.

14. In the last two decades, the subsistence Yi economy of crop agriculture and animalhusbandry, supplemented by small amounts of crafts and forestry, has begun to change. Thischange is most visible in Yi-Han border areas, Yi-Han mixed areas, and areas near cities.Commercialization has increased, with a certain amount of grain, livestock, hides, timber, andmedicinal plants entering the market. Recently introduced products, such as tobacco, brownpeppercorns, fruit, and silk, have also gradually increased. The number and amount of productsthat Yi purchase in markets have also increased, and the traditionally purchased items of salt,ironware, needles and thread are now supplemented by clothing, shoes, hats, alcoholic beverages,cigarettes, electrical appliances, agricultural chemicals, seeds, and other products. Some peoplewho engage in traditional animal husbandry, craft and forestry production have begun to producefor the market, and a few specialized households have emerged in sheep and goat husbandry,lacquerware, and apiculture. On the basis of market production, trading has also begun to appearas a specialized occupation. Little stalls and stores selling cigarettes, liquor, candy and dailynecessities have begun to spring up in Yi villages; daily and periodic markets are very active insome areas, and Yi and Han traveling merchants now go from village to village, buying hides,pharmaceutical plants and other local products. Likewise transport and hauling have appeared asoccupations. Under the stimulus of the growth of the market economy, there has been a push tobuild roads and bridges, which have begun to experience traffic of commercial vehicles, family-owned tractors, and human- and animal-pulled carts engaging in commerce. In sum, theeconomy of Yi areas is beginning to move from a subsistence to a market economy and fromsimple to complex economic organization.

Poverty Alleviation in the Yi Areas

15. Poverty is prevalent in the project area. Most of the poor are Yi and live in mountainousor foothill districts. Natural disasters are frequent, the survival is difficult, the methods ofproduction are primitive and yields are generally low. Because of their relatively poor ability tocombat natural disasters, households who have exceeded the poverty line of Y500 income or 400kg grain production per capita in one year, often fall back below it the following year (the rate ofsuch reversions is typically around 10-15 percent). Thus, a large number of Yi households aremired in permanent poverty.

16. Three manifestations of poverty are particularly apparent: a) The structure of the diet ispoor, with daily fare consisting primarily of corn, potatoes and buckwheat, with potatoes alone insome areas accounting for 60-70 percent of the yearly diet. b) There is a lack of clothing andbedclothes; about 50 percent of the people in high mountain areas have but one suit of clothingfor the whole year and sleep by the fire with but one cover. c) Housing is poor; a largepercentage of Yi live in low, humid, dark, mud-walled houses, with humans and animals sharingquarters; they have no beds, stoves and toilets, manure is piled in front of the doorway, andgeneral sanitation is very poor.

17. These areas with poverty populations are typically lacking in all kinds of infrastructure.In mountainous and foothill areas, water, electricity, roads and other infrastructure is still quiteprimitive.7 Irrigation and other agricultural infrastructure is also missing. In the five poorcounties in the Liangshan project area, there are 85,850 hectares of cultivated land, most ofwhich (71,530 ha) are do not have access to irrigation. Furthermore most are on unterraced steepslopes. Only 8% of the land is reliably irrigated.

18. Although the government has carried out several poverty-alleviation programs,, theeffort has had limited results due to the shortage of funds for investment and the insufficiency ofrewards for staff, and there has been no fundamental change in the poverty situation in Yivillages.! The project plans to combine increased investment with existing resources, bringing ininvestment and skills instruction to the household level to help Yi farmers increase production

7 According to statistics, at certain seasons each year there are drinkinig water shortages that affect 600,000people and 1,400,000 head of livestock. Using Xide county as an example, there were 31,390 people wholacked sufficient water, comprising 25% of the county population, and 129,759 head of large livestock wholacked water, or approximately 30% of the county stock. By the end of 1996, there were 495 administrativevillages in the project area in Liangshan that lacked electricity, and 439 not reachable by road. Sanitary andhealth facilities are also lacking, as are medical personnel and supplies. In the four concentrated Yi counties inthe project area, there are only 5 hospitals and 175 local clinics, staffed by 1,339 people, with 1,058 beds.There are only 2.2 medical personnel and 1.7 beds for every 1,000 population. In the entire project area,excluding Xichang City and the East and West Districts of Panzhihua, basic health needs have not been met.Even basic health work in Yi villages has proceeded very slowly. In comparison to Han and mixed districts,fertility is relatively high, mortality is high, natural increase is relatively low, and illness is a constant threat.

8 Uncompensated charity-style poverty alleviation has also not worked very well

and income. If conducted with sensitivity to local conditions, it can accelerate the work ofpoverty alleviation among the Yi.

Project Implementation and Traditional Yi Culture

19. The mountainous natural environment, the nature of agricultural production, thepervasive clan feelings, the belief in myriad ghosts and spirits. and the strong in-group feelingamong the Yi were the basis of the retention and development of Yi culture. Contained in thiswere a lot of factors that promote development, along with others that are impede it. Yi are anethnic group that can work hard and endure hardship. The basic principle of human relationshipsis to keep promises and seek reliable partners. The tradition of mutual protection and reliabilityprotnotes hard work, which will help achieve development. At the same time, however, Yi alsohave a number of traditions that are obstacles to their entry into mainstream society. Theseinhibit and otherwise influence Yi development.

20. Most important among these are: a) a weak sense of commerce, buying and selling arenot considered respectable occupations;9 b) too much satisfaction with their present situation'°and c) expenditures not suited to savings or development. Yi are not, as sometimes thought, awasteful group. Their daily life is extremely frugal. But because they are concerned withreputation and take pleasure in giving and receiving, whenever guests come or there is a funeralor important religious ceremony, they spend without regard to economic consequences.Generosity in hospitality and lavish funerals and ceremonies are not only a custom but also avirtue to be praised by others.

21. The project is unlikely to cause large-scale contradictions or conflicts with traditional Yiculture. If obstacles occur in the transmission of new skills, the introduction of improvedmethods, or the marketing of commodities, all that is really needed is to have an example, to seeresults, to allow Yi farmers to enjoy the first fruits, and they will accept new things. There arealready precedents for this, such as the spread of maize and potato cultivation and theintroduction of improved varieties of sheep.

22. Actually, traditional Yi culture is also a flowing stream; in today's world where theisolation has been broken and people are beginning to enter the market, important elements oftraditional culture are in the middle of a process of selection, refinement, improvement andreclassification. Today a market mentality, an ethic of savings, and a spirit of economic progresshave already put down roots in some Yi villages. In some cases they have borne fruit. What the

9 If there is surplus, people are not willing to take it to sell to the outside, but reserve it to entertain guests, todistribute to other clan members, or to offer to spirits. This is an important factor in the lack of commodityproduction and the low rate of livestock sales in Yi villages.

10 "Buckwheat cakes, pickled vegetable soup, and conversation with relatives around the fire" is still the goal ofan ideal life for many Yi people. People have not raised their living standards through development, but haverather adapted to a low level of production by low levels of expenditure and low levels of want.

project must realize is that while the Yi people do not want t.o lose their traditional culture as theprice of development, at the same time they do not desire to be so adamant about preservingeverything that they miss the opportunity for development and remain forever mired in poverty.

Yi Involvement in and Benefits from the Project.

23. The project areas in the Anning Valley are inhabited by a mixture of Yi, Han, and otherethnic groups. However, there are additional impoverished areas on the periphery of the valleythat are inhabited entirely by Yi people. If the project could involve these peripheral areasdirectly, more Yi people would be able to participate in and derive benefit from the project.

24. Predominantly Yi area are well represented in the project. Four of the ten projectcounties in Liangshan have concentrated Yi settlement. In Xichang, Dechang, and Ningnan, allYi townships are included in the project. In Panzhihua, 23 of the 70 project townships are Yitownships.

25. Project Benefits

a) Economic Benefits. Participation in this project, through exploiting natural resources,adjusting the productive system, raising production, providing additional income, and improvinghousing and living conditions will help Yi farmers emerge from poverty and embark on the roadto individual and collective prosperity.

b) Political Benefits. The project will help to raise the political status of Yi people,reduce the distance between ethnic groups, implement equality of ethnic groups, enhance inter-ethnic solidarity, and preserve social stability especially in 'Yi.

c) Social Benefits. Participation in the project can help Yi farmers raise their scientificand cultural level, establish a market mentality, reorient their attitudes toward development,improve and develop traditional Yi culture, and better their education and health status.

Yi Women and the Project

26. The 448,800 Yi women in the project area are an important constructive force. Thedegree to which they participate in and support the project will directly influence the project'sresults. Promoting the participation of women in the project and fully mobilizing their abilitiesin agriculture, animal husbandry and handicrafts are important aspects of the project, which ifimplemented effectively will guarantee its success.

27. The Situation of Women in the Project Area. Almost all (98%) rural Yi women in theproject area are engaged in agriculture and animal husbandry. In contrast, there are very few Yiwomen in industry, commerce, or service sectors of the economy. Following the movement ofmany Yi men into secondary and tertiary production such as industry, construction, transport,and commerce, especially in Yi-Han mixed areas and in areas close to cities, Yi women havebecome the primary agricultural labor force. According to statistics compiled by local women's

federations, 70% of agricultural and pastoral labor power in Liangshan is now female; inPanzhihua local estimates place this percentage even higher. Male-centered attitudes are stillvery strong in Yi villages, and women lack education and have a high rate of illiteracy. The factthat they have practically no way of obtaining any credit and lack confidence in their productiveskills is a severe impediment to their own progress and to the development of Yi society as awhole.

28. The Role and Status of Women in Yi Village Society. Historically, women have bornegreat responsibilities in Yi village society. They reared children, managed households, wove,sewed, worked in the fields, and herded livestock. They have been the backbone of householdproduction, and their contribution is a large part of the income of the household. In contrast, menwere often occupied with clan and collective affairs, helping out neighbors, visiting friends andrelatives, and attending funerals and meetings, so that women were in control of the majority ofhousehold affairs. Even though Yi women play an important role in the village economy,economic decision-making power is still primarily in the hands of men. In social life as well,whatever men say goes. In the shadow of the ideology of patrilineal kinship, the position of Yiwomen is clearly lower than in many other societies. There are small signs of some change inwomen's role in villages close to urban areas like Xichang and Puge. In recent years, Yi womenin these villages have started to be active in markets.

29. Participation by Female-Headed Households. Most of the project components in theAnning project are well suited to participation by female-headed households, particularly thelivestock and sericulture components. In addition to general encouragement for women to takepart in the project, it is even more important to make a decision to involve female-headedhouseholds in the project. If female household heads are given credit, and project componentsare implemented largely through female household heads, this will be a new departure for Yiwomen.

30. Of the 47,350 households selected to participate in the project in Panzhihua, 25,170, or53%, are headed by women. At present we do not have statistics for Liangshan as a whole, butto take an example, in the 7 townships in Butuo county selected to participate in the cattle andsheep project, 440 out of 800 households, or 55%, are headed by women. In Ngaikou townshipin Panzhihua, 354 or 421 households, or 84%, are female-headed. The township head ofNgaikou told us: "In the past, women herded sheep and goats, but men took the lead in slaughterand sale. This time, the township government has adopted a policy of giving loans andresponsibility to women." Participation in the project through female household heads will putmoney, power and responsibility into their hands.

31. This has the following advantages: a) increasing the productivity of women will increasetotal household income; b) it will improve the distribution of household income; c) incrementalincome controlled by women will tend to be used for their children's health and education; and d)it will help raise the social and economic status of Yi women in village society. When Yiwomen are given both decision-making power and the responsibility for repaying loans, this willimmediately raise their self-confidence and their sense of responsibility, and they will activelyengage in the project.

32. The Important Role of the Women's Association. Yi women's educational andscientific level is low; their market mentality is not strong an.d they lack confidence in theirmarketing skills, and so to help them to succeed they need a strong, active organization to aidthem in participating in the project. The Women's Association, an association of womenthemselves, has the ability to organize women's participation in the project. First, the Women'sAssociation is composed of a whole set of organizations, variously at the provincial,prefectural/municipal, county/district, township, village and small production cooperative levels.Second, in recent years Women's Associations have accumulated a lot of experience infacilitating women's participation in economic construction. In all the fifteen counties anddistricts of the project area, the Women's Association has recently conducted a campaign of"double study and double competition"--study culture, study science; compete in contributingand compete in renewal. Using cultural and scientific training, along with productioncompetitions in such areas as scientific agriculture, scientific planting of mulberries and raisingof silkworms, and scientific breeding of chickens, ducks ancl geese, they have produced a groupof female agricultural experts and competition winners. A mnajority of women in the in theLiangshan project areas (61%) have participated in competitions. "Double study and doublecompetitions" have demonstrated the ability of the Women's Associations and the skills of thewomen themselves, and they thus present a successful example for women's participation in theAnning project.

34. Finally, Women's Associations at every level are enthusiastic about participation in theproject; they believe in it; and in fact they have already done some preparatory work. First,representatives of the Women's Associations at every level have been brought into the projectplanning groups to help design the project. In the planning process, they have reflected thewishes of a wide range of women and have participated in the formulation of policies onimportant questions. Women's Associations at every level have held public meetings anddisseminated information through print and broadcast news media to encourage a broad range ofwomen to participate in the project. They have also decided to include elements of the projectinto the ongoing "double study and double competition" campaign. In sum, the Women'sFederations understand the hardships and the wishes of Yi women, they know their strengths andweaknesses and will protect their interests. Using the Wornen's Association to ensure women'sparticipation in the project is an effective route to follow.

III. Training Yi Project Households

35. In planning for the Anning project, training was included as an important aspect of theproject. Establishment of a training center, training programs for specific skills for eachcomponent, and technical extension teams to attempt to raise the quality of the farmers' and thetechnicians' knowledge and skills are methods that have been proposed. We believe that traininghas even greater importance than it was given in the project plans. Because Yi farmers'language, culture, education, scientific and technical knowledge, beliefs and values all have theirown peculiarities and their own limits, a preferential policy ought to be adopted in theimplementation of the project to increase the size of the training component affecting them.Content and methods of training ought to be adapted to the particular characteristics of Yi

farmers. Successful training will be the key to successful participation of Yi farmers in theproject.

36. Yi Farmers' Abilities and Knowledge. The educational foundation is weak in Yi areas,the quality of education is low, and school dropout is serious. Most children in concentrated Yiareas enter school because of a combination of persuasion of their parents and the requirementsof local village compacts, so that in 1996, 76% of school-age children in Liangshan did enterschool. But their rate of retention is low. In planning for training, attention should be paid in thefollowing areas:

37. Content of Training. There should be material dealing with new attitudes and newknowledge, to persuade people to accept new things in accordance with the realities of Yi farmlife in order to prepare them for the technical training they need to make their participation in theproject a success.

38. Language and Teaching Materials. In concentrated Yi areas, women, old people, andchildren ordinarily know no Chinese, while young and middle-aged men know varying amounts.In mixed areas and areas near cities, most people are bilingual in Yi and Chinese. The languageof training classes and training materials should be suited to the linguistic abilities of the traineesin a particular area. In mixed areas and areas near cities, Chinese-language materials can beused, and Chinese supplemented with Yi as a medium of instruction. In concentrated Yi areas,all instruction and materials should be in the Yi language.

39. The Role of Literacy Training. Before the inception of the project in any areas, thelinguistic abilities and literacy level of the potential project participants should be investigated onthe ground. For illiterate potential participants, basic Yi-language literacy training should becarried out. Adult native speakers can ordinarily be taught the fundamentals of the Yi syllabicwriting system in 40 to 60 days. Owing to the very high female illiteracy rate in the villages(88% for the Yi in Sichuan, according to the 1990 census), literacy training for female householdheads is extremely important and special literacy classes for women should be conducted in areaswhere heavy participation in the project by female household heads is expected. Literacytraining would be the foundation for all other training carried out under the project.

IV. Nationality Minority Development Plan

40. In order to encourage and coordinate the local development aimed at minorities and thepoor that is planned in the Project, the Liangshan and Panzhihua PMOs have set up a special taskforce to draw up a Nationality Minority Development Plan (NMDP) and to take responsibilityfor putting it into practice. The task force is led by a vice-director of the PPMO and includesstaff of the prefectural and municipal PMOs, prefecture and county Women Federations, theCentral Nationalities University, the Nationality Research Center, the Poverty Alleviation Officeand the Nationalities Affairs Commission. A social scientist (who is a Yi national) from theCentral Nationalities University, an anthropologist from the University of Washington, Seattle,local experts and representatives of the Women's Federation (arnong whom are five Yi nationals)

carried out this social assessment. The recommendations of the social assessment were used todevelop the NMDP.

41. As recommended by the social assessment, represenlatives of the Poverty AlleviationOffice and the Nationality Affairs Commission were invited to be members of the ProjectLeading Group. There are also representatives of these two in the task force drawing up theNMDP. Representatives from the Women's Federation have been involved with the projectsince project preparation. The general responsibilities of the task force are as follows:

a) assist the PPMO in disseminating information about project objectives, scope andcomponents to farmers, especially minority farmers, in the project counties"' The informationdisseminated would include information on opportunities to participate in crop, orchard,livestock and sericulture activities, financial arrangements and farmers' responsibilities under theproject;

(b) help the PPMO formulate the final design for project and take account of theparticular needs of the minorities and women;

(c) monitor the farner selection to ensure that poor, women and minority farmers haveare given a fair opportunity to participate in the project;

(d) assist village governments in the allocation of reclaimed land, agricultural inputs andimproved-breed livestock;

(e) help plan and supervise training programs for farmers, especially minority farmers;

(f) collect information and feedback from farmers to help the PPMO and the SichuanGovernment revise the NMDP;

(g) monitor the impacts of the project on minorities.

42. Development Programs.

(a) Crop Development Program. The project aims to introduce new high yielding seedvarieties and improved cultural practices for farmers in the project area. In the Yi concentratedarea, corn, potato and vegetable would be introduced as alternatives crops to provide cashincome. Fruit orchards would be developed. Improved buckwheat varieties and culturalpractices would be introduced to increase productivity and improve food security for minorityfarmers in remote areas.

Out of the project's 10 counties in Lianshan Yi Autonomous Region, four have more than 90% Yi population,and five counties in Panzhihua Municipality have about 20% Yi population.

(b) Livestock Development Program. Most of the Yi minority live in remotemountainous areas and have traditionally raised goats and sheep (more goats than sheep). Theproject would introduce improved breeds of goats and sheep. An effort would be made topersuade farmers to shift from goats to sheep in the vulnerable steep mountainous areas in orderto protect the environment. Alternative animal husbandry practices would be introduced, suchas cultivating feed for sheep and goats and raising goats and sheep in the fenced pens.Demonstration pasture development in these areas would be used for training. Rotation grazingwould be introduced. Rabbits would be introduced to increase meat for family consumption andto provide additional income to women.

(c) Yi Language Instruction. The social assessment recommended that the projectshould invest in Yi language instruction and in developing Yi language instructional materials.Although the project will not include this directly since it is in the domain of education, the taskforce should discuss the issue with the prefecture and municipal governments and seek theirassistance to strengthening school-based and adult literacy Yi language programs.

(d) Training. Training under the project would emphasize technical and commercialtraining. Technical training would be in crop and livestock production. Additional trainingwould be given to Yi other women in improved practice in cleaning, sorting and preparing woolfor the market. This training would enable them to obtain better prices for wool. Social andcommercial training would be given to expose minority farmers to commercial practices. To theextent all training would be done by local experts, using the Yi language and Yi trainingmaterials. Efforts would be made to include nearby minority farners outside the project area inthe training.

43. Detailed plans for the above programs will be discussed at appraisal and will beincorporated in the Project Implementation Plan.

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