E508Volume 3

Second Liao River Basin Project

Environmental Assessment

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

March 2002 LUCRPOLIAONING URBAN CONSTRUCTION

AND RENEWAL PROJECT OFFICE

~EP IMWHMN TGOMERY WA TSON HA RZA

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Montgomery Watson Harza

CATALOGUE

CHAPTER PAGE

I INTRODUCTION I

2 SURFACE WATER STANDARDS 2

3 EA COVERAGE 3

4 CURRENT SITUATION 3

5 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 3

6 ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE 4

7 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES 8

8 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION 9

9 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN 13

10 PUBLIC CONSULTATION 14

11 CONCLUSIONS 16

Russian*t -- , - * _Federation

S ~~~~~Japan~

PR CA . _

- . .

Location of Liaoning Province

EA Summary

Montgomery Watson Harza

Second Liao River Basin Project areas in the province before discharging into the Bohai

Environmental Assessment Sea.In 1997, the State Council of the Chinese central

SUMMARY REPORT government announced "Decisions On Issues ofEnvironmental Protection", which has since become aprimary guide for the country's environmental

1 INTRODUCTION protection and pollution control effort. One of theimportant initiatives under the State Council's Decisions

The Project consists of two wastewater treatment plants, is the "Three Lakes and Three Rivers" pollution controltwo wastewater re-use plants, urban upgrading, program, referring to the six landmark and mostinstitutional strengthening and several non-physical sensitive water bodies and river basins in China. Thecomponents related to environmental management. The Liao is one of the three rivers and the LRBP is thus onewastewater plants are located in Shenyang (the of the highest priority pollution control programs in theprovincial capital) and Panjin, and the wastewater re- country.use plants are located in Panjin and Fushun. All are The State Council approved in 1998 the Ninth Five-located within the Liao River Basin (LRB), as shown in Year Plan and 2010 Program for Liao River BasinFigure 1.1I. Pollution Control and Prevention. The Ninth Five-Year

The LRB, with a total catchment area of 220,000 km2 Plan sets a long-term framework to be followed with thehas four major rivers, the Liao, Hun, Taizi, and Daliao. goals of eliminating below-Category V water qualityOne third of the-Liao River catchment and the entire (see Table 2.1) from all LRB surface water bodies byHun-Taizi-Daliao network lie within Liaoning province, the end of 2000, to recover the water quality requiredpopulation 42 million people. The rivers drain through for its functional uses by 2005 and to achieve the11 industrial and population centers and rich agriculture sustainable utilization of water resources based on their

functions by 2010.

s . >*+ j - -.~,o~on t ., ~ -q -- -LEGEND

. Ii' ' 1 C :

* -t , ..DPR ol Nonh oe LIAONING PROVINCEProjcROt Com ponentCes

.._//- -........ , I | K>- ---- X | LoCationofPfoit Cits

Huangt.I Is. LUCRPO

FIGURE .I

EA Summary

qfJJW Montgomery Watson Harza

To meet these goals, the Ninth Five-Year Plan calls for the Liaoning Provincial Environmental Researchreduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD) Institute, with the assistance from the project DRAdischarge by 600,000 tons by 2000, 140,000 tons by consultant, Montgomery Watson Harza. This document2005 and an additional 90,000 tons by 2010, making a is a summary of the EA documentation.total COD reduction of 830,000 tons over the 10-yearperiod. This would require the construction of 55 2 SURFACE WATER STANDARDSmunicipal wastewater treatments in the LRB (24 inLiaoning province) as well as 225 industrial pollution The most important assessment criteria andsource control projects (118 in Liaoning province). environmental target standards are the surface water

quality classifications of Environmental QualityIn 2001, the Liaoning Provincial Government approved Standard for Surface Water, GHZBI-1999. Accordingthe Tenth Five-Year Plan for Liao River Basin to this standard, surface water quality has been dividedPollution Control and Prevention within Liaoning into five categories depending on their functional uses.Province(the Tenth Five-Year Plan of Liaoning) which These categories and key parameters within theis consistent with the framework of the Ninth Five- standard are shown in Table 2.1.Year Plan but more stringent in view of the limiteddilution capacity of the rivers in Liaoning. The Tenth There are two existing wastewater discharge standardsFive-Year Plan of Liaoning sets an objective to reduce applicable in Liaoning province for discharge intoCOD by 241,400 tons and ammonia-nitrogen (NH4-N) surface water bodies:by 41,500 tons by 2005. The below-Category V waterquality sections will be reduced by 40%. The focus of * The national Comprehensive Wastewaterthe COD reduction action is on the Hun River Discharge Standards for discharge into Categorycatchment where Shenyang and Fushun are located. IV and Category V water bodies (GB8978.96);

andWith the funding support of the European Union (EU), * The more stringent discharge standards adopted byLiaoning province launched the Liaoning Integrated Liaoning Environmental Protection Bureau for theEnvironmental Program (LIEP) in 1999. This is a province.comprehensive planning project to evaluateenvironmental factors and develop strategies to redress The most important difference between these twothe balance between the various demands for water in standards are COD (120 mg/L for the nationalthe LRB catchment and for sustainable environmental standards areuO 1 20 mg/L for theinanalstandards versus 100 mg/L for provincial standards)management in Liaoning province. The LIEP has and ammonia-nitrogen (25 mg/L for the nationalidentified 15 municipal treatment plants in the basin as standards versus 15 mgIL for the provincial standards).priority investments. LRBP will adopt the more stringent Provincial COD

standard as the design criteria for the Project, withThe two municipal wastewater treatment plants to be dsg rvso o h oesrnetamnabuilt in the Second Liao River Basin Project (LRBP 2), nitrogen criteria in future stages.together with the two municipal and two industrialwastewater treatment plants in the LRBP 1, are top of Other environmental discharge/emission and ambientthe list of 15 priority municipal treatment plants environmental quality standards applied in the EAidentified by the LIEP and are part of the Plan of the include:State Council. As such, these treatment plants are apivotal part of the effort to meet the State andprovincial goals for pollution control and sustainable * Ambient Air Quality Standards, GB3095-1996;water resources management. * Environmental Noise Standards for Urban Areas,

GB3096-93;An Environment Assessment (EA) was conducted for * Standards for Noise at Boundaries of Constructioneach physical component. A project wide Sites, GB 12523-90;environmental impact assessment (EIA) report and * Standards for Wastewater Discharge and Airenvironmental management plan (EMP), collectively EmissionsinLiaoningProvince,DB21-60-89;known as the EA documentation, has been compiled by

Table 2.1 Surface Water Quality Classification

Key parametersCat. Description (mg/l, except pF

COD NH4 -N pH

I Applicable to sources of water bodies and national nature reserves <15 0.5 6.5-8.511 Applicable to Class A water resource protection for drinking water or precious fish 1 5 0.5 6.5-8.5

1ll Applicable to Class B water resource and general fishing or swimming 20 0.5 6.5-8.5

IV General industrial water supply or secondary recreational use 30 1.0 6.5-8.5V Agricultural water resource or general amenity purposes 40 1.5 6-9

EA Summary 2

gfI~iW Montgomery Watson Harza

* Effluent and Sludge Discharge Standard for The lack of proper water resources management in theMunicipal WWTP", CJ3025-93; and LRB, particularly the lack of provision of treatment

* Control Limit for Sludge Agricultural Application, facilities for wastewater from various sources,GB4284-84. compounded with the lack of dilution and assimilative

capacity in LRB rivers, has resulted in severe pollution3 EA COVERAGE of surface water in Liaoning province. Water quality in

LRB rivers is reportedly the worst among the sevenAccording to the project TOR, the EA covers the largest river basins in China.following areas:

The severe pollution of LRB has had the following* Shenyang section of Hun river; consequences:* Panjin section of Liao river;* Fushun section of Hun River * Loss of beneficial use of LRB rivers, including* Immediately adjacent areas surrounding the industrial and municipal water supply sources

wastewater interceptors, pumping stations and (urban and rural), aquaculture, irrigation, andtreatment plant sites; and groundwater recharge;

* Impacts on the LRB and the Bohai Sea. * Extinction of fish and other waterbome species inmost rivers within the province and destructive

4 CURRENT SITUATION effects on the aquatic ecosystem;* Pollution of shallow groundwater layers in the short

Available water resources in the Liao Basin are limited, term and deep groundwater aquifers over the longbeing only 20% of the national average. Water term;resources available for agriculture are 12% of the * Health risk of drinking water especially for ruralnational average. River flows in the LRB vary residents who rely heavily and, in many casesdramatically in different months and seasons. In a exclusively, on shallow water wells as their primarytypical year, July and August flows amount to 60% of drinking water sources;the annual total whilst the flow in the driest month * Contamination of farm land and crops, as farmers(February) amounts only to 0.1% of the annual total. In in the LRB may have little choice but to use watermany rivers in Liaoning province, the dry season flow is with quality poorer than irrigation water standards;mainly wastewater discharged from various industrial * Adverse impacts on water quality and fisheriesand municipal sources. resources in the Bohai Sea, to which the LRB rivers

discharge; andWater resources in Liaoning province are seriously * Adverse impacts on wetlands at the estuary.over-utilized. While over 81% of surface waterresources and 43% of groundwater resources are The urgency for immediate improvement in the LRButilized, water supply still cannot meet the demand. At environment is apparent. Not only has the provincethe present, annual water supply is about 7.8 billion m3 missed its year 2000 surface water quality and CODwhile the demand is 8.3 billion m3, leaving a 500 reduction goals, but the water quality in the LRB riversmillion m3 water supply deficit each year in the is worsening. The First and Second LRB Projects willprovince. With the provincial priority being on the key start to reverse the trend of water quality deteriorationstate industries, agricultural and municipal water and are jointly an important first step in achieving thesupplies are often sacrificed. The continued excessive state and provincial environmental goals.exploitation of water resources has caused significantlylowered groundwater tables over a reported area of 389 5 PROJECT DESCRIPTIONsquare kilometers.

Major components of the LRBP are summarized inThe Liaoning province is one of the most concentrated Table 5.1.urban and industrial areas in China. There are howeveronly two operating municipal wastewater treatment The municipal wastewater treatment plants are based onplants and limited industrial wastewater treatment the activated sludge process with some variationscapacity. In the meantime, wastewater from point corresponding to the characteristics of influents andsources in Liaoning province was expected to reach a other conditions in each project city. The designtotal 2.1 billion m3 containing over 643,000 tons of comprises screening and grit removal followed by aCOD in the year 2000. Of this amount, approximately conventional activated sludge system and secondary70% of the wastewater and COD is from industrial clarification. The sludge produced will be thickenedsources and 30% from municipal sources. With the mechanically. Thickened sludge will then be chemicallycurrent lack of wastewater management infrastructure, conditioned and finally dewatered to produce sludgemost of the wastewater is discharged to surface water cakes with approximately 20% dry solid. Final effluentbodies without treatment. Besides COD, other main will be discharged without disinfection. In the case ofcontaminants discharged include BOD, ammonia-nitrogen, oil & grease, and suspended solids.

EA Summary 3

Montgomery Watson Harza

Table 5.1 Liao River Basin Project Components

Components Description Scope of serviceShenyang Wastewater . 10 km interceptor pipeline . 44 industrial discharges

. 3 new and 3 upgraded pumping stations . 75 km2 urban area

. 9.9 km sewerage collection pipeline . 1.57 million population* 400,000 t/d wastewater treatment plant

Panjin Wastewater . 9.6 km interceptor pipeline . 24 industrial discharges. I new and I upgraded pumping stations . 22 km2 urban area. a 100,000 tld wastewater treatment plant . 0.23 million population. a 60,000 t/d wastewater re-use treatment plant

Fushun Wastewater * 5.5 km interceptor pipeline . 20 industriesa 67.96 km trunk sewers . 0.4 million population. 5 pumping stations* a 200,000 tld wastewater re-use plant

Shenyang Urban Upgrading . Imperial Palace renovation* Beiling and Dongling Parks Preservation

Non-physical Components S strategic studies. Institutional strengthening and training. Construction management and supervision

Shenyang, the sludge will in addition be digested commerce, and will develop awareness of China'sanaerobically to minimize the volume of sludge. . historic values through enhanced education and

learning.Disposal of sludge generated from the wastewatertreatment plants is a key feature of the project. The It is critical to the success of the LRBP 2 thatsludge management plans for each city are as follows: institutions and personnel responsible for implementing

the proposed project are equipped with the managementShenyang - Phase I of the Shenyang wastewater skills and technical ability to implement the project. Fortreatment plant will produce up to 227 t/d sludge this reason an extensive program of technical assistancerequiring disposal. The city is developing a sanitary (TA) has been recommended in the Feasibility Studylandfill at Laohuchong, approximately 32 km from the Report for institutional strengthening of provincial andwastewater treatment plant. The city has agreed to municipal PMOs, the provincial EPB and theaccept the WWTP sludge. The tipping fee at the landfill wastewater companies.and the haulage cost, using 8 t payload water tighttrucks are included in the wastewater treatment plant 6 ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINEoperating budget.

6.1 GENERAL SETTINGPanjin - Panjin wastewater treatment plant will produce63 t/d sludge. The city plans construct a new sanitary The Liao River Basin is located in the Liao River Plain.landfill adjacent to the proposed wastewater treatment The general topography slopes from north to south andplant, to international standards, partially funded by the from east to west towards the Bohai Sea. The elevationBank, to accommodate the sludge from the project. The of the inland cities of Shenyang and Fushun islandfill operating and sludge haulage cost will be approximately 30-60 meters above sea level while thatincluded in the WWTP operating budget. of the coastal city Panjin is only 4-7 meters. Liaoning

province has a rich and complex geology. TheFushun - The tertiary plant (re-use water treatment Quaternary fluvio-lacustrine and glacial sediments formplant) will generate a certain amount of sludge from the most important groundwater aquifers in the LRB.backwash operation of the sand filtration. The backwash They include gravels, sands and silts up to 420 meters inwater will be pumped to the wastewater treatment plant thickness which are intercalated with clays depositedwhich is now being commissioned. The city plans to during three marine transgressions.build a sludge monofill located at Qingtaizi some 6 kmfrom the WWTP. The monofill will be built to modern 6.2 CLIMATE CONDITIONS AND AIRsanitary landfill standards. QUALITY

The project has selected sensitive historic areas in The Liao River Basin is located in the temperate zoneShenyang, the origin of the Qing Dynasty, to examine where a monsoon climate dominates. The climate isthe root cause of technical problems and provide cures characterized by distinct seasons and sharp temperatureto the past urban planning, by regeneration and changes. Average annual precipitation varies betweenupgrading. The project's program for regeneration will 350 and 1200 mm. Within a typical year, some 80% ofgive Shenyang the unique opportunity to establish itself total annual precipitation occurs in the period from Juneas a focus of culture and Chinese achievement. to September. Table 6.1 summarizes the main climaticDeveloping the use of these heritage sites will characteristics of the project cities.significantly promote tourism, enhance employment and

EA Summary 4

Montgomery Watson Harza

Table 6.1 Climate Indicators of the Project Cities from November to February each year. Many sectionsof LRB rivers are completely dry or carry only

Parameter Shenyang Panjin Fushun wastewater discharged from various municipal and

Temperature 39.3/-33.1 30.2/-21.0 36/-35 industrial sources. The annual flows in LRB rivers canAnnualatpreiiainalso change sharply from year to year. River dischargesAnnual precipitation 735 800 968 in a high flow year are typically 2-3 times that of a low

Annual average 65 66 69 flow year.humidity (%) 65I6_lo_yarAnnual average wind 3.3 4.3 2.0 6.4 WATER DEMAND AND SUPPLYspeed (rnis)__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Prevailing wind (summer) SW (summer) In a typical year, the total water utilization in theFreeze period (d) 151 146 140 province is 10.56 billion m3, most of which (over 60%)Soil freeze depth (m) 1.2 1.13 1.2 is for agricultural applications followed by industrial

(21%) and municipal (16%) uses. Water supplies areAll three proposed wastewater treatment/re-use plant mainly from reservoirs, rivers (pumped and gravity) andsites are green field sites. There are no industrial deep and shallow groundwater aquifers.operations or urban activities near the sites. An airquality monitoring program conducted from July to The most important water supply source is shallowNovember 1999 confirmed the high air quality of these water wells, which account for approximately half ofsites except for Shenyang. At the Shenyang site, the water utilized. Although on a basin-wide basis themonitored data on odor, NH3 and H2S exceeded relevant estimated groundwater recharge is higher than estimatedstandards by as much as 9 times (odor), because the site groundwater abstraction, in localized areas of the LRBis near the Xi river which essentially conveys raw over-extraction is serious. In the Hun-Taizi river systemsewage. where Shenyang is located, groundwater abstractions

are over 120% of the groundwater recharge in recent6.3 WATER RESOURCES AND HYDROLOGY years.

The water resources of the LRB include rivers, Estimated water demands have been based on per capitareservoirs and groundwater. In a medium drought year, consumption for domestic and unit industrial outputthe total water resource in surface streams in the LRB is water consumption. In general, except for Shenyang10.13 billion m3, including 2.38 billion m3 in Liao river where per capita water consumption is already high andand 2.85 billion m3 in Tatizi river. The total amount of will remain steady, per capita water consumption isextractable groundwater is 6.82 billion m3 . There are a projected to increase slowly along with increase of thetotal of 904 reservoirs in the LRB 28 of which have a standard of living. Unit industrial water consumptioncapacity larger than 100 million m3. The total design will decrease as efficiency improves, although totalcapacity of the reservoirs in the LRB is 6 billion m3 . industrial water demand shows a small increase as the

industry expands. The projection for total water supplyFlows in LRB rivers vary significantly with the season, through municipal systems has also considered water re-in a pattern similar to that of annual precipitation. use by industry, leakage and self water supply capacitiesApproximately 50% of the annual flow occurs between that many industrial operations possess. The waterJuly to September, when the area receives 80% of its demand projection is summarized in Table 6.2.annual precipitation. The dry season typically occurs

Table 6.2 Municipal Water Demand and Supply Projection

Serviced Domestic water Industrial water Total water

City Year Population demand demand demand

(x 1000) (x 103 m3/d) (x 103m 3/d)l (x 103m3/d)

2000 3 480 1 060 750 1 810

Shenyang 2010 3840 1 183 1 121 2304

2025 3 950 1 217 1153 2 370

2000 190 23.6 85.5 109.1

Panjin 2010 270 40.5 84.1 124.1

________ 2025 350 171.6 87.4 252.0

2000 1 375 330 847 1 177

Fushun 2010 1 416 345 970 1315

2025 1 479 370 I 000 1 370

1 Based on industrial output billions RMs

EA Summary

^fflV Montgomery Watson Harza

6.5 River WATER QUALITY LRBP 2 as receiving water bodies, existing waterquality was monitored in April 2000 (Shenyang) and

Of a total river length of516 km, 362 km do not achieve November 2001 (Panjin). Fushun's re-use plant will not(the poorest) Category V surface water standards. This discharge to a water body. The result of this monitoringis particularly so near urban centers where the water program, expressed as an average of multiple samplesquality is among the worst. With a few exceptions and summarized in Table 6.3, shows extremely pollutedwhere water quality may reach Category 11, water surface water in most of these rivers, especially at andquality in most tributaries of LRB rivers is between downstream of the cities, even equivalent to rawCategory IV and Category V, or worse than Category V. sewage.Figure 6.1 shows the water quality of the rivers coveredby the LRB. 6.7 Wastewater

6.6 Reservoir Water Quality All three project cities have combined sewer systemsconveying both stormwater and sewage. Some large

Water quality of reservoirs in the LRB is better industrial operations, particularly those near receivingprotected. A 1998 survey showed that water quality in water bodies, may have their own sewer system andmajor reservoirs in the LRB was, in general, equivalent even their own wastewater treatment facilities. Theto Category 11 water quality standards. sewage parameters of the project cities and effluent

design parameters are presented in Table 6.4.For specific sections of the rivers to be used by the

Figure 6.1 River Water Quality600 -

500 -

E 400 _____

300

200 - | U _

100-

0 -Liao River Hun River Taizi River Daliao River Daling River Xiaoling

River* Category V and Over-V * Category IV ECategory IlI 0Category I and 11

Table 6.3 Surface Water Quality Near Project Cities (average values, mg/L except pH)

City Rivers Distance to WWTP pH COD NH4-N Water Quality Category

Shenyang Xi I km 7.9 240 40.5 Below V

Hun 89 km 7.4 180 15.6 Below V

Panjin Shuangtaizi 6 km upstream 7.9 25 1.4 V

Shuangtaizi 45 km 8.1 9 t 6.1 Below V

Table 6.4 Wastewater Parameters of Three Project CitiesUnit: mg/l

City Category COD BOD SS NH4-N TP

Shenyang Influent 482 207 176 41 4

Effluent 100 29 30 20 1

Fushun Influent 100 30 30 10

Effluent for re-use 60 10 5 10

Panjin Influent 300 180 200 40 4

Effluent for discharge 100 30 30 20 1

Effluent for re-use 60 to 5 10 I

Discharge Standard 100 30 30 20 1

Standard for industrial re-use 60 10 5 10 I

EA Summary 6

Montgomery Watson Harza

6.8 MAIN WATER POLLUTION LOADS TO migratory birds and each year hundreds of thousands ofLRB migrating birds stop and take up temporary residence at

the Shuangtaizi wetland on their way from Siberia toIn 2000, the LRB received a total of 1.83 billion m3 Australia and back in the East Asia-Australia Shorebirdwastewater. Of this amount, 1 .15 billion m3 or 63% was Site Network. Figure 6-2 shows the wetland.from industrial sources while 0.68 billion m3 or 37%was from municipal sources. The large volume and Most parts of the wetland are seasonal and dry in theproportion of industrial wastewater discharge reflects winter and no significant or precious fish species havethe fact that the middle to lower reaches of the LRB is been observed or recorded at the wetland.China's most concentrated area for large state-ownedindustrial enterprises. These were established mostly in 6.10 BOHAI SEAthe 1950's and 1960's with old technologies and limitedpollution control. The Bohai Sea is a semi enclosed water body and it

would take 3 to 4 years for a 50% water exchange withThe total organic load to the LRB environment in 2000 the outer sea and 16 years for a complete tumover. Inwas 479,800 t/y, of which 219,700 t/y was from total, 37 rivers discharge to the Bohai Sea, includingindustrial sources and 260,100 t/y from municipal Daliao, Liao and Xiaoling rivers which are part of thesources. Another contributor to pollution is the surface LRBP. Collectively the Liao and Daliao rivers dischargerunoff from agricultural fields. The exact contribution, 132 m3/s in April to 715 m3/s in August into the Bohaiboth in terms of volume and quantity in COD, is sea, bringing a COD flux of 794 to 2385 t/d and a NH4-unknown. N flux of 45 to 96 t/d. The LIEP study has found that

over 70% of the pollutants discharged into the Bohai6.9 ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT Sea are from agricultural non-point pollutant sources. In

particular, the nutrient contamination of the Bohai Sea,Due to years of severe pollution and water shortage which has resulted in increased occurrence, duration andmost fish and other water borne species have vanished extent of red tide events in the last 20 years is primarilyfrom LRB rivers. Fresh water fish may be found only in from agricultural sources (over 90% by one estimate).reservoirs and fishponds. Nitrogen and phosphorus removal from municipal

wastewater alone, while important for the protection ofShuangtaizi wetland near the Liao river estuary is an receiving fresh water bodies and groundwater, wouldexception. The 400 km2 area some 30 km away from not contribute significantly to the control of red tides inPanjin has been identified and designated as a national the Bohai Sea. Overfishing has been cited as the mainlevel Natural Protection Zone because of its significant reason for depletion of fish stocks in the Bohai Sea.ecological value. There are 260 species of vascularbundle plants, 110 species of phytoplankton, 51 species 6.11 ACOUSTIC ENVIRONMENTof zooplankton, 443 species of invertebrates and 412species of vertebrates. In addition, there are five All three proposed wastewater treatment plants will benational Class I (Larus Saundersi, Larul Vidibundus, located on greenfield sites. Besides farming, otherGrus Japonensis, Cygnus and Pjoca Viyulina) and 29 agricultural activities and some traffic, there are nonational Class 11 protective species. In particular, the industrial or urban facilities and operations, and thus noShuangtaizi wetland is an important habitat for major noise sources, at or near the sites.

Figure 6-2 Shuantaizihekou Wetland

- _ Sm.mary

EA Summary 7

Montgomery Watson Harza

6.11 SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS The priority for wastewater treatment in the basin is theremoval of pollutants that impact adversely upon the

The key socio-economic indicators of the LRB are surface water quality. The most critical pollutant in thissummarized in Table 6.5. context is organic matter expressed as COD. The basis

of the approach to wastewater treatment is thereforeTable 6.5 Key Socio-Economic Indicators of the LRB initially to concentrate upon removal of COD, with

removal of ammonia by nitrification to be introduced inParameters Indicators subsequent phases of development of wastewater

Population * Urban population, 18.36 million treatment in the basin in the longer term.

* total population, 33.02 million. population density 338/km2 The Project has identified a preferred and least cost

Land * agricultural land, 59.4 million mu option for wastewater conveyance, treatment and sludge

* total land, 292 million mu disposal in each of the cities. For wastewaterUrbanization * municipalties: 11 conveyance two to three alternative methods of

Urb a muniipalciuties: II conveying wastewater to the sites of the proposedAgriculture * townships/countes: w 0 wastewater treatment plants have been compared andg *~~~ major crops: wheat, corn, vegetables, h es ototo hsn, . , ~~~~the least cost option chosen.

fruits, etc.* total agricultural output: RMB 47 billion For wastewater and sludge treatment and as required by

Pa the Bank, the following criteria formed the basis ofIndustry * major industries: metallurgy, petroleum, identifying the most appropriate wastewater treatment

coal, power, chemicals, machinery, proposal.electronics, fabric & garments, pulp &

paper, construction materials, food & 0 Comply with the required wastewater dischargebrewery, etc. standard of 100 mg/I COD;

* total industrial output: RMB 305.3 billion 0 Appropriate in respect of local conditions;

Note: Iha= amu 0 Proven in operation at or close to the scaleproposed;

7 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES * Capable of supporting competitive bidding;

7.1 INTRODUCTION * Representing the least cost option.

In order to satisfy all of the World Bank criteria aDuring project development, various alternatives have phased approach to wastewater treatment isbeen screened and compared with technical, economic recommended. The liquid stream process in the short toand environmental criteria. In terms of the medium term is based on secondary treatment using aenvironmental assessment of alternatives, the primary conventional activated sludge process treating rawobjective was to identify and adopt options with the wastewater, without primary sedimentation.least adverse environmental impacts. The evaluationand comparison has included the following component In the long term, when nitrogen removal may be aoptions: requirement, secondary treatment will be achieved using

a reaeration-denitrification-nitrification configuration.* Sewage interceptor routes and pumping station At this time, primary sedimentation will be added and

layout; additional bioreactor capacity will be required together* Number and configuration of wastewater treatment with minor internal modifications within the existing

plants; tankage. There will not be a need to augment the* Wastewater treatment plant sites and outfall capacity of the secondary sedimentation tanks.

discharge locations;discharge locations; As wastewater is treated, solids are removed and

* Treatment processes; become sludge that needs disposal. Sludge will be* Sludge handling and disposal, including options for treated by mechanical thickening and dewatering by

both technologies to be used and sites for the final means of belt press or centrifuge. More complex isdisposal of sludge; and digestion of the sludge in large vessels, either

* The scenario of with and without the project. aerobically or anaerobically. Thickening producessludge with 3% solids content, which is still a liquid.

7.2 WASTEWATER TREATMENT PROCESS Dewatering produces a semi-solid sludge with aboutOPTIONS 18% solids content, which can be handled by spade. It is

this semi-solid product that can be mixed with largervolumes of household refuse and land filled.

EA Summary 8

Montgomery Watson Harza

8 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND needed from borrow pits and will requireMITIGATION transportation to the site.

* Land impact. LRBP 2 will permanently occupy8.1 IMPACTS DURING CONSTRUCTION 69.1 ha. of land by construction activities. InPHASE addition, a I ha. greenfield site will be needed for

Panjin sludge landfill for three years. ShenyangProject construction activities will generate the WWTP plant will share co-disposal landfills in thefollowing adverse impacts: city, with land impact through shortened life spans

of the landfill. On a temporary basis, the* Airborne dust, mainly due to construction vehicle construction of the interception pipeline and sewers

movement, land preparation, and materials will occupy over 38 ha. of farm land for a year,handling. At 5 meters from such an activity, the resulting in a loss of one crop during that period.dust concentration is expected to reach 10.1 mg/m3 From a regional perspective, the land occupied bywhile it will reduce to 0.86 mg/m3 100 meters from LRBP 2, whether permanently or temporarily, is athe site. Therefore, the impact will be limited to very small percentage of the total cultivated land.residents located within 100 meters from the From a village perspective however, the landconstruction sites and along both sides of occupied can make up to 10% of land for theconstruction transportation routes. villages affected, resulting in significant impacts on

* Noise, from construction equipment and vehicular local agricultural activities.movement. The noise, as high as 110 dB(A), could * Water impacts, caused by cross-river constructiontravel a long distance in the open fields around the activities. The Shenyang and Panjin wastewatersource, affecting residents of nearby villages. treatment plants will be built on the banks of Xi and

* Traffic congestion, caused by pipeline construction Shuangtaizi rivers respectively, and constructionin urban areas. Parts of streets will be closed activities close to the rivers could potentially causeduring pipeline construction reducing the traffic- turbid or oil and grease contaminated surface runoffcarrying capacity of the streets. The impact will be discharge into the rivers.greatest in Shenyang where part of the sewageinterceptor is to be built in the urban center. 8.2 WATER IMPACTS - PRIMARY POSITIVE

IMPACTS OF THE LRBP* Waste discharge from construction camps. Thedischarge of sewage from construction camps will The LRBP 2 will bring positive benefits to the watercreate temporary pollution sources to the surface environment of the LRB and other aspects ofwater environment. The construction camps will be environment and life which depends on the quality ofsources of other pollutants such as sediment-laden water. On a basin wide basis, a steady state waterstormwater discharges, solid waste and waste oil quality model has predicted that implementation of thefrom machinery maintenance. LRBP 2 will reduce the COD concentrations in LRB.

* Earth materials. While pipeline construction will Figure 8.1 is the modeling result showing projectedgenerate 100,000 m3 excavated material requiring COD concentrations in Hun river.disposal, the leveling, site preparation andconstruction of the treatment plants will need over320,000 m3 of fill. Large quantities of fill will be

Figure 8.1 Hun River COD Concentration after WWTWs Operation in 2005

350 300 2I0 200 150 100 0 250

_ .. COD Class V limit (40 mgII) - Year 2000 Mo_elled COD concenfration at 75% Flow 200RN, O. 0hUe

Rsi-- Scnro1-er0l cnro2Ya20

thE Sutnr 9

ba ruag 247k.. | r__n

_ 5 ~~us un Cont I1 W 00 °

... .~~~~~~~~~. . . . . . . . . . . . . .Xt@,.......... ....5[ ^ 1 ~~~~~~~~200 Sh-pny. Lh,. ng 200,000 m3 Y\ /WWoprt.

35 0 300 250 20 0 1 ;0 100 50 00Chainage (km)

-. . COD Class V lImit (40 mgtl) - Year 2000 Modelled COD concentration at 75%ilc Flow- Scenario I -Year 2001 - Scenario2 -Year 2005

EA Summary 9

Montgomery Watson Harza

A mathematical model was used, in accordance with the groundwater contamination can be attributed to pollutedTechnical Guideline for EA of China (Technical surface waters.Guideline), to predict surface water quality of thereceiving water bodies. Large reductions in COD Large areas of agricultural land in Liaoning areconcentrations in these rivers will be achieved by the irrigated with wastewater which in many cases is theproject. Based on 75% dry season flow in April, the only available irrigation water. Based on a study by theCOD concentration in Hun river of Shenyang will drop Agricultural Environmental Protection Institute,to 89 mg/I, and Shuangtaizi river of Panjin will drop to wastewater irrigation has caused crop yield reduction by45 mg/I. 210 kg per hectare per year in paddy fields.

Contaminants such as heavy metals and organicsSince the LRB rivers have limited natural flows and present in the wastewater may also enter the cropsdilution capacity in the dry season of November to April through irrigation. Freshwater fish farms andnext year, the model shows that the surface water aquaculture are also affected by poor irrigation waterquality in most sections of the LRB rivers will be quality. All these adverse effects will be alleviated tosimilar to that of wastewater plant effluent (COD 100 some extent as a result of LRBP implementation.mg/I), significantly exceeding the desired Category Vstandard (COD 40mg/1). Other additional potential benefits to be brought by the

LRBP include:During the rest of the year, the surface water quality isexpected to approach Category V standard compliance. * Improved sanitation and hygiene for residents nearAlthough LRBP 2 cannot achieve the surface water LRB rivers;quality targets alone (eliminating below Category V in * Increased property values for land and real estatethe LRB), it will contribute towards achieving this aim. along LRB rivers;

In terms of pollutant loads to the LRB, the LRBP 2 will * Improved recreation and environmental aestheticsreduce COD load by 47,665 tons per year from the to the communities of the project area;project cities. Together with the first phase of LRBP, * Increased revenue from tourism; andthe total COD reduction will be 79,440 tons per year. In * Improved bio-diversity and ecosystemcomparison, to completely eliminate the below-Category V surface water bodies basin wide, the LRB 8.3 BOHAI SEA MARINE WATER IMPACTSneeds to reduce its COD discharge by 300,201 tons peryear in the region. The two phases of the LRBP will Impact on the marine environment in the Bohai Sea istherefore contribute about 26% towards the COD predicted using a mathematical model recommended byreduction targets. the Technical Guideline which takes into consideration

the hydrological characteristics of the marineWith regard to specific river sections at and downstream environment such as mixing, dilution and diffusion, butof the project cities, significant improvements in surface not its assimilative capacity. The modeling indicatedwater quality can be expected following the that marine water quality would reach Category Iimplementation of the LRBP 2. In all project cities, standard if the total COD discharge into the Sea wasmixed industrial and domestic wastewater and 184,507 tons per year or less from all rivers. After thestormwater is currently discharged directly into the implementation of the LBRP, improvement in thereceiving water bodies through numerous outfalls along marine environment can be expected as COD dischargethe cities' waterfront. The LRBP 2 will intercept the to LRB rivers will be reduced by 79,440 tons per year.majority of these direct discharges and divert them to If a Category I marine water standard were achieved,the proposed wastewater treatment plants located the model further indicated that COD concentrationdownstream from the cities. The water quality in the 4000 meters from the shoreline into the sea will be 0.7sections of rivers flowing through the project cities is mg/L, close to the background concentration forthen expected to approach that of upstream from the organics in such an environment.cities.

Another indicator of marine water pollution is theQuality of groundwater, a major domestic and industrial occurrence of red tides, caused primarily by excessivewater source, is expected to improve. This is because nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus. Red tidesLRB rivers are the primary groundwater recharge have been an increasing concern in the Bohai sea andsources and, in the case of the dry season, groundwater their occurrence has increased from one in the 1950's tois the sole source. An earlier groundwater-monitoring 34 in the 1990's. The extent and duration of the eventsprogram conducted during the EA has already indicated has been rising as well. Fishery resources in the Bohaicontamination in monitoring wells of the project cities. sea have also been affected. Over the last 10 years, theResidents of villages near some of the river ditches also total available fishery resources have declined by 27%complained to the EA team of strong nuisance odors in while sustainable resources declined from 130,000 tonstheir groundwater supply. All signs indicate that per year to 95,000 tons per year. The declining fish

stock in the near-shore has driven fish catching

EA Summary 10

Montgomery Watson Harza

activities into the deeper ocean. While general pollution Shenyang. Within this distance there are no residentialof the marine water environment plays a role in the or other sensitive receptors surrounding the treatmentdeclining fish stock in the Bohai sea, studies have found plants, except at Shenyang. Xiaoyu village is locatedthat the primary reason for the decline are over-fishing 300 m from the Shenyang wastewater treatment plantand red tide events. site. During the prevailing wind, the site is downwind of

the village. However, on the infrequent occasions whenAn EU funded assessment has showed that over 90% of wind direction is towards the village, the residents maynutrient discharges into the Bohai sea are from be able to smell odors from the treatment plant.agricultural and marine-cultural sources. Municipal Table 8.2 Odor Standard and Protected Distancewastewater discharge is responsible for less than 10% ofthe total nutrients discharged into the sea. For this Methylreason, the first phase of the LRBP project will not Items City Nil 12S sulfideinclude dedicated nutrient removal processes, although Smellingthe design makes provision for such processes to be threshold 0.1 0.00047 0.0021added in the future. (mg/m3)

Boundary8.4 WETLAND AND ESTUARY IMPACTS Limit 1.5 0.06 0.007

The Shuangtaizi Natural Protection Zone, about 30 km Regdntafrom Panjin city, has suffered the adverse impact of Residentialhuman activities in recent decades. Vegetation, wild standards 0.2 0.01 -

animals, birds, bio-diversity and water storage and flood (mg/m )control capacity have all been affected. Especially Type of smel Acidulous Bad egg Acidulousserious is considered to be polluted water influx to the sulfurZone from the Liao river. Impacted SY 200 100 400

distance (m) PJ 102 98 91The wetland itself has a certain assimilative capacity,according to the regular water monitoring (Table 8.1). There will however be a significant positive impact in

terms of air quality improvement related to the project.Table 8.1 Wetland Assimilative Capacity, mg/L Currently, tens of thousands of urban and rural residents

Item I COD B HOD I Oil i live close to open ditches or canals which essentiallycarry nothing but raw sewage. The site investigation of

Prior to wetland 24.0 4.80 1.64 these areas and discussions held with the residents haveAfter wetland 15.3 3.96 0.62 shown that there are nuisance odors, as well as otherReduction(% 36.3 17.50 62.20 health and hygiene concerns, from these open sewers.

Particularly in the summer, such odors and otherThe impact of the LRBP 2 on the wetland will be concerns are bad. With the LBRP's sewer upgradingpositive. In particular the wastewater treatment plant in and interception pipeline components, many of the openPanjin will intercept and treat 100,000 m3/d raw sewers will be converted to underground, properly-wastewater currently discharged to the Liao river 30 km engineered box culverts and sewers. The wastewaterupstream of the Zone. Although the treatment capacity treatment plants in the project will improve the wateris small compared with the total flow in the Liao river, quality of the receiving waters. Both will substantiallythe Panjin treatment plant is expected to reduce COD reduce the odor from these sources, bringing significantinto the wetland by 28.8 t/d. environmental, health, sanitation and aesthetic benefits

to the project area and residents.8.5 AIR AND ODOR IMPACTS

8.6 NOISE IMPACTSThe primary air emissions from the wastewatertreatment plants will be odors generated from the Main noise sources during the operation phase includeoperation of aeration tanks and sludge handling the sound of lifting pumps, sludge pumps and blowersprocesses. The pumping stations could also be a source in the wastewater treatment plant and submerged pumpof odors. The main constituents of such odors are NH3, motors in the pumping stations. The noise at the sourceH2S, and methyl sulfide. is 92-95 dB(A) for various equipment at wastewater

treatment plants and 93 dB(A) inside pumping stations.An air diffusion model, recommended by the Technical About 30 m from a pumping station, the noise level isGuideline, was used in the EA to predict the attenuated to 61 dB(A).concentrations of the air emission constituents whichcause the odors. The modeling results (Table 8.2) A fixed source noise attenuation model, recommendedindicate that the distance required to achieve the by the Technical Guideline, was applied in the EA toresidential area standards varies from about 100 m from forecast noise impacts. The modeling results show thatthe treatment plant in Panjin to up to 400 m in

EA Summary II

Montgomery Watson Harza

except for Panjin, noise levels at the property boundary Sludge haulage is another potential environmentalof the wastewater treatment plants and pumping stations concern. Potential leakage and odors from sludge asare all expected to be below the day time standards of well as the heavy haulage truck emissions would affect60-65 dB(A) and night time standard of 55 dB(A). In the environment and residents along the haul routes. InPanjin, however, the night noise at the boundary will be Shenyang, where the haulage distance is significant (32up to 61 dB(A) for the treatment plant and 63 dB(A) for km), ring roads have been designated for sludgepumping stations, respectively. These exceed the night transportation to avoid densely populated areas orday noise standard by about 8 dB(A). For the business districts. Special, water-tight haulage truckswastewater treatment plants which are located in will be used to prevent odors and leakage fromsuburban countryside, there is no sensitive receptor contaminating the haul routes.although the incremental increase of noise against thecurrently quiet baseline noise is high. In the more Panjin intends to investigate a sludge composting plan,congested and built-up area in the city where the separate from the project, when the actual sludgepumping stations are to be located, any exceedance in constituents are known although the initial sampling ofnoise standards could be a concern. The two pumping sediments at municipal outfalls shows traces of heavystations in Panjin are located in an industrial area which metals at an acceptable standard for agriculturalis not considered noise- sensitive. application. The industries of Panjin are centered on

petrochemical production.8.7 SLUDGE DISPOSAL IMPACTS

Table 8-3 Sediment Monitoring Result mg/l

The two municipal wastewater treatment plants of the Item Cu Pb Cr As Cd HLRBP 2 will generate a total of 290 tons/day of sludge Panjin Cu 36 Cr A C Hgcontaining 80% moisture. The Shenyang plant alone Limit for agricultural 0

will generate 227 tons/day sludge. In addition, the application orsludge 500 t000 1000 5 2

Fushun water re-use plant will have a certain amount of (GB 4284-84)sludge from backwashing filters.

If the composting of sludge is feasible both in technicalThe sludge from the Shenyang WWTP will be disposed and marketing terms, Panjin will shift from landfill toeither by co-disposal or in a separate monofill in the composting. If not, the landfill facility will be expandedcity's Laohuchong landfill. The landfill, designed with a to a longer life span as part of the overall municipalthick clay liner and leachate collection and treatment, solid waste management planning of Panjin to achievehas a capacity of 750 tons/day in its first phase. Over a best cost-effectiveness.longer term, the landfill is scheduled to expand to 1500tons/day with a life span of 30 years. Sludge haulage 8.8 SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTSwill be on main trunk roads avoiding the urban centersand the haulage time will be arranged early in the Resettlement and compensation plans have beenmorning and then evenings to minimize the impact on prepared and are set out in a separate "Resettlementtraffic. The sludge from Fushun wastewater re-use plant Action Plan" (RAP). A summary of land acquisition andwill also be disposed of in a dedicated monofill with a people affected is shown in table 8.4.life span of 20 years designed to modern standards. The Table 8.4 Project Affected Land Statisticssludge from Panjin of 63 t/d will be disposed of in anew landfill facility to be partially financed by the Bank Permanent Land Acquisition Temporary Landloan proceeds, designed to international standards, with Project (ha (ha)a life span of 3 years in the first phase. City Land People Land People

A key potential environmental concern is contamination Acquisition Affected I Affected

of groundwater by leachate from the landfills. This will Shenvang 57.0 249 29 374contain high concentrations of organics and heavy Panj 12.0 153 0 0

metals potentially present in the sludge. The installation Fushun 0.1* i 9 88of impermeable layers and interception drains at the Note: * Fushn wastewater re-use works will be largely limited to thelandfills will prevent the leachate from percolating into modification and extension of the existing dedicated industrial waterthe ground and allow collection and treatment of supply plant.leachate. In the landfills for Shenyang, Fushun and The urban upgrading components will have positive

Panjin, a leachate treatment plant is included as part of impacts to the cultural heritage in the city of Shenyang.

As a capital of early years of Qing Dynasty, Shenyang

There are no sensitive receptors in the areas surrounding is the home of an imperial palace and two of the firstthe landfills. Furthermore, good landfill management emperors' tombs. The ancient buildings at the palacetechniques will be adopted, including daily coverage of have seriously deteriorated over the years. The ancientnewly deposited sludge with a 20-30 cm layer of clean pine trees at the tombs are in poor health and many aresoil to minimize odor and flies nuisance. on the verge of dying. The upgrading will reverse the

trend.

EA Summary 12

Montgomery Watson Harza

8.9 ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION to any concerns with regard to operation of theMEASURES facilities will be made.

Design Phase 9 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENTAND MONITORING PLAN

* All project sites have been carefully selected toavoid or minimize potential impacts to the 9.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENTenvironment.

* The Shenyang plant layout will be designed in such Several organizations will take responsibility fora way that the source of noise and odor will be environmental management and monitoring.located as far away from Xiaoyu village aspossible. * Liaoning Provincial Construction Commission will

* Mitigation measures such as landfill site drainage take the ultimate responsibility for environmentalconitigatol, meahates sucllec aslandfill conve e drne protection and management. This organization iscontrol, leachate collection and conveyance to the the overall leading agency for projecttreatment plant will be incorporated into the design implementation;stage.

* The Project Management Office (PMO) of eachConstruction Phase project city and LUCRPO as the working group for

project management under the Construction

* Construction sites, transportation routes and Commission, will be responsible for day to daymaterials handling sites will be water sprayed in environmental management during the constructiondry, windy conditions up to 4-5 times a day, phase. Their responsibilities will includedry wind codtin up to 4- tieady engagement of professional supervision andespecially if these sites are near sensitive areas, m entori s rviesa ion oud efosuch as villages and residential areas. monitoring services, allocation of budget for

environmental management, response to* Construction activities will be scheduled carefully environmental monitoring reports and the taking of

to minimize the impact of noise from construction appropriate mitigation actions. They will alsomachinery to the surrounding environment. Night handle any environmental events which may occurtime use of certain noisy plant such as pile-drivers, during construction.concrete vibrators, etc. will be prohibited. * Liaoning Provincial Environmental Bureau and its

* In conjunction with the relevant authorities, traffic municipal counterparts will be responsible forplans will be prepared ahead of construction in enforcement of environmental regulations andcongested urban centers, particularly in areas where standards and review of environmental monitoringroads will be closed or semi-closed for reports.construction. * Environmental monitoring stations operated by

* Sewage and other waste from construction camps Provincial and local EPB's will undertakewill be collected and diverted to municipal systems environmental monitoring of air quality, noise,to avoid contamination of the surrounding areas. water quality, and other impacts on the

* Temporary land occupation, particularly in the environment from the project construction andagricultural areas, will be planned well ahead of the operations.construction. This will be undertaken in * The individual Wastewater companies will beconsultation with farmers and others affected to responsible for day to day environmentalminimize loss of crops. At the end of the management during the operational phase.construction, land will be reinstated to its originalcondition. A training program will be undertaken during project

implementation for management and technical staffOperational Phase from the above organizations. Training course contents

will include environmental regulations, wastewater* Operational procedures will be carefully followed, treatment technologies, environmental monitoring,

and plants and sludge disposal facilities will be sludge handling and disposal, and handling andoperated as designed. responses to environmental incidents. In total, it is

* Contingency plans will be developed for the planned that 90 people will participate in the domesticdischarge of raw wastewater into the receiving environmental training and 25 in overseas trainingenvironment. The plans will anticipate power courses.failure, overflows, equipment malfunctions andother conditions that may affect the proper 9.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORINGfunctioning of the plants.

* Regular consultation with residents in the nearby In order to ensure that the project is implemented incommunities will be undertaken, Prompt response compliance with relevant environmental standards and

regulations and in accordance with the EA, a

EA Summary 13

Montgomery Watson Harza

Table 9.1 Environmental Monitoring Program

Environment Monitoring Construction Phase Operation PhaseCategory Items

Parameters Oil, pH, SS, wastewater flow SS, pH, COD, BOD, wastewater flow

Water Locations Upstream and downstream of Inlet and outlet of each treatment plant; upstream and downstream ofthe adjacent rivers adjacent rivers

Inlet and outlet monitoring twice a day; river monitoring twice aFrequency 3 consecutive days a year

year.

Parameter Hardness, pH, COD, iron, E. coli,

Groundwater Locations 100 m upstream, 100 m downstream, and 500 m downstream

Frequency Twice a year, at high and low flows respectively

Parameter TSP Odor, TSP

I at treatment plant sites and 3Air Locations I at the nearest village and I near the plants

at pipe sites

Frequency 2conecutvedysa3 days each in hot and cold seasons for TSP and H2S5Frequency 2 consecutive days a year Dalintesm rfood.Daiy i th sumer for odor.

Parameter dB(A) dB(A)

Construction sites Boundary of the plantsNoise Locations

Sensitive receptors Nearest villages

Frequency Once a week Twice a year in winter and summer

Table 9.2 Summary of Monitoring Cost plants, and sludge disposal sites. The primary methodsof public participation included public

Environmental Monitoring cost meetings/hearings, interviews, questionnaires, and use

E quipment . . of public media such as newspapers. The EA teamCity Construction Operation Total organized and chaired the public meetings which were

phase phase also attended by project planners, design engineers, andSY 1 060 000 64 000 96 000 1 220 000 govemment officials from the project managementPJ 820 000 50 000 75 000 945 000 offices and LUCRPO.FS 920 000 55 000 82 000 1 057 000Total Consultation has been undertaken throughout projectCost 2 800 000 169 000 253 000 3 222 000 preparation. Each of the project cities has carried out at

least two rounds of public participation. The first roundcomprehensive monitoring program has been prepared focused on environmental screening to define publicfor water, air and noise. The plan covers both the concerns, to assist identification of key environmentalconstruction and operation phases of the LRBP for all issues and to draw public response and comments on thethree project cities. The monitoring program is initially developed mitigation measures for the potentialsummarized in Table 9.1 and the estimated cost of the adverse impacts identified before EA TOR finalization.monitoring program is presented in Table 9.2. The second round was designed to ensure public

awareness of the EA effort and final project definition10 PUBLIC CONSULTATION and mitigation by presenting a draft EA report to the

public through information disclosure procedures. As10.1 PROCESS part of the process of public participation, telephone

hotlines have been maintained in each PMO to solicitCommunity stakeholders were consulted during the public comments. Details of the two rounds of publicproject EA, particularly those who will be directly participation undertaken are presented in Table 10.1.affected by the Project. These included urban and ruralresidents near proposed pipelines, wastewater treatment

EA Summary 14

Montgomery Watson Harza

Table 10.1 Two Rounds of Public Participation

Round Project Stage Main Objective

Project identificatio/ .* Identify stakeholdersFirst Project identification/ * Secure PMO commitment to public consultation(screening) TOR * Agree on the extent and mode of consultation

* Initial public concerns about the LRBP

* Communicate project and impact information and EAfindings

Second Draft EA report * Public opinions and concerns on EA and mitigation* Response on and finalizing mitigation measures* Public acceptance of EA

Table 10.2 Summary of Public Meetings Table 10.3 Public Opinion Survey

(No. of People Surveyed)No. of _ _ _ _ _ _ _City Date Time Locations N.o

_City Dt Tie Lcto Participants Item SY PJ FS Total

07/02/00 Yuliangpu 150 BackgroundTotal 820 510 130 1 460

village meeting

SY 08/04/00 5 pm hall, Xiaoyu 148 Male 638 270 86 994

village meeting Sex _

12/08/00 hall 149 Female 182 240 44 466

09/27/01 450 Under 20 128 180 - 308PJ ~ ~ 3 pm Gujia village _

01/15/02 meetng yard 50 Age 20-60 493 315 100 908

09/03/01 Meeting Hall of 40 >60 199 15 30 244Fushun No. 3

FS ~ ~ 5 pm Petrochemical Public 210 195 12 41701/15/02 36 servant

Plant

Farmer 423 195 100 71810.2 PUBLIC MEETINGS

Profession Worker 85 7 15 107Two rounds of public participation and public meetingswere held. Public meetings allow direct communication Student 78 180 - 258with the public and allow semi-literate individuals theopportunity to participate. Details of these meetings are Other 24 l 3 38summarized in Table 10.2 1

Primary 183 6 5 194

In addition, several smaller scale informal public school 183 6_519

meetings were held at the pumping station sites. Junior high 328 182 80 590

10.3 PUBLIC OPINION SURVEY Education High school 147 216 30 393

Public opinion surveys have been undertaken as one of Vocation 148 71 9 228

the key tools of public consultation. Questionnaires schoolprepared by the EA team were widely distributed to thepublic. Details of public opinion surveys undertaken are University 114 35 6 155

summarized in Table 10.3.

EA Summary 15

Montgomery Watson Harza

10.4 RESULTS OF CONSULTATION manned by environmental specialists is another sourceof information to the public about the project and

While the overwhelming majority of the public strongly potential project impacts.supported the objectives of LRBP 2, concerns wereexpressed at the potential impacts, both long-term and 11. CONCLUSIONSshort-term, during the construction and operation of theLRBP 2. For each of the concerns expressed during the The environmental assessment for the LRBP 2 haspublic consultation, a corresponding mitigation measure drawn the following conclusions:has been developed and communicated to the concernedpublic. * The LRB has been suffering acute water shortage

and severe pollution in virtually all its rivers. TheTable 10.4 summarizes the concerns and mitigation region has only limited industrial wastewatermeasures proposed. treatment and even less capacity for municipal

wastewater treatment. As a result of the directTable 10.4 Public Concerns and Responses discharge of contaminants into its waterways

surface water pollution has been worsening and hasPotential Impact Mitigation Measure threatened the quality of groundwater and the Bohai

Air-borne dust in * Periodic water spray sea.construction phase * Speed limit for vehicles * The LRBP, to be partially financed by the WorldNoise and vibration in * Rationalize construction schedule Bank, fits well into the integrated environmentalconstruction phase * Minimize night construction management plan for the basin. This is one of the

* Excavation controlled and top state and provincial pollution control priorities.minimized at any one location While the LRBP alone cannot resolve the problem

Traffic hold ups during * Proper disposal of spoil and meet the government goal for surface waterconstruction phase r quality, it will be a key step and contribute

Goopasnion significantly towards achieving the goal.congestion

Wastewater and solid The benefits of the LRBP 2 are large. Togetherwaste pro* Use of septic tanks with the first phase, it will cut the COD load to the

wansteroucetion c s * Dispose solid waste in landfill basin by about 26%, improve surface water qualityconstruction cammaoin the reaches of the rivers in the two project cities

Odor in operation . to closer approaching Category V and will improveindoor water quality downstream from the cities. It will

Noise in operation phase * Proper insulation of noise sources help alleviate contamination of groundwater, theSludge haulage * Avoid populated area, timing the Bohai sea and the wetlands. Health risks related to

haulage in morning and night time contaminated water supply and odors will beLeachate from sludge * Lining, leachate collection and reduced.landfill site treatment at landfills 0 The LRBP 2 will also cause some adverse impacts

* Compensate according to state to the environment. During the construction phase,Farmland acquisition policies dust, noise, construction camps, construction

* Compensate according to state materials extraction, traffic hold ups and cross riverHouse__demolition _ policies construction will be experienced. During the

operation phase, noise, odors, sludge haulage,10.5 INFORMATION DISCLOSURE sludge disposal and land acquisition will impact the

villages around the project sites. With carefulAdvertisements have been placed in the most popular design and implementation of appropriatelocal newspapers in all three project cities at least twice mitigation measures, however, these adverseto describe the project and its potential impacts and to impacts can be mitigated.invite the public to express their concerns about the * To further ensure environmental protection andproject. In addition, the draft EA reports and other proper implementation of mitigation measures, anproject related information, including project environmental management plan has beenenvironmental information, have been placed in project developed. This includes government and localmanagement offices, public library and environmental organizations.institutes involved in the EA for public review andcomments. The telephone hotline at the EA teams

EA Summary 16