World Bank Database of Banking Crises October 6 2003

8/16/2019 World Bank Database of Banking Crises October 6 2003

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1

Country Timeframe Comments

In % Year

Albania 1992– -27.5 1991 31 0.00 Yes

Algeria 1990–92 -2.1 1993 50 0.00 Yes

Angola 1991– -24.7 1993 36.47 Two state-owned commercial bans !a"e e#$erienced sol"enc% $roblems. &o

Argentina 19'0–'2 -5.7 19'1 9 16 55.1 17.00 Yes

Argentina 19'9–90 -7.5 19'9 27 40 13.37 Yes

Argentina 1995 -4.2 1995 2 12.23 Yes

Argentina 2001– -10.9 2002 20.1 15.03 Yes

Armenia 1994–96 -41.' 1992 50 0.00 Yes

A(stralia 19'9–92 -0.1 1990 6 2 0.00 &o

A)erbai*an 1995– -19.7 1994 0.00 Yes

+anglades! ,ate 19'0s–96 2.2 19'' 20 95 na Yes

+elar(s 1995– -11.7 1994 0.47 an% bans (nderca$itali)ed /orced mergers b(rdened some bans wit! $oor loan $ort/olios. &o

+enin 19''–90 -2.9 19'9 '0 17 0.00 All t!ree commercial bans colla$sed. Yes

+oli"ia 19'6–'' -2.6 19'6 0.00 Yes

+oli"ia 1994– 1.6 1992 30 0.00 Yes

1992– na na na Yes

Lowest realGDP growth

rate around thecrisis

Share ofNPLs at pea

!in %"

Share ofinsol#ent

$ansassetsat pea

!in %"

&iscal Cost!as % of

GDP"

'utput loss!I(&"

!as % ofGDP"

Systemiccrisis)

!YesNo"

A/ter t!e (l% 1992 clean($ 31 $ercent o/ new baning s%stem loans were non$er/orming. ome bans /aced li(idit% $roblems d(e to a log*am o/ inter-ban liabilities.

ore t!an 70 instit(tionsacco(nting /or 16 $ercent o/ commercial ban assets and 35 $ercent o//inance com$an% assetswere li(idated or s(b*ected to central ban inter"ention.

ig!t bans s(s$ended and t!ree bans colla$sed. T!ro(g! t!e end o/ 1997 63 o/ 205 baninginstit(tions were closed or merged.

8n arc! 2001 a ban r(n started d(e to increasing do(bts abo(t t!e s(stainabilit% o/ t!e c(rrenc% board strong o$$osition /rom t!e $(blic to t!e new /iscal a(sterit% $acage sent to t!e ongresst!e resignation o/ $resident o/ t!e entral +an and t!e amendment to t!e con"ertibilit% law. :n;ecember 3 2001 as se"eral bans were at t!e "erge o/ colla$sing $artial wit!drawal restrictionsi"e bans were li(idated. +aning s%stem non$er/orming loans reac!ed 30 $ercent in 19'7 in

mid-19'' re$orted arrears stood at 92 $ercent o/ commercial bansB net wort!.

Two bans wit! 11 $ercent o/ baning s%stem assets were closed in 1994. 8n 1995 4 o/ 15domestic bans acco(nting /or 30 $ercent o/ baning s%stem assets e#$erienced li(idit% $roblems and s(//ered !ig! non$er/orming loans.

+osnia andCer)ego"ina

+aning s%stem s(//ers /rom !ig! non$er/orming loans d(e to t!e brea($ o/ t!e /ormerY(gosla"ia and t!e ci"il war.


2/10

2


In % Year



Share ofNPLs at pea

!in %"

Share ofinsol#ent

$ansassetsat pea

!in %"

&iscal Cost!as % of

GDP"

'utput loss!I(&"

!as % ofGDP"

Systemiccrisis)

!YesNo"

+otswana 1994–95 1.9 1993 0.6 0.60 &o

+ra)il 1990 -4.3 1990 10.'0 ;e$osits were con"erted to bonds. Yes

+ra)il 1994–99 0.1 199' 15 15.4 13.2 0.00 Yes

+r(nei id–19'0s -2.7 19'6 9 na e"eral /inancial /irms /ailed. T!e second largest ban /ailed in 19'6. &o

+(lgaria 1996–97 -9.4 1996 75 33 '.00 Yes

+(rina >aso 19''–94 -1.4 19'7 34 0.00 Yes

+(r(ndi 1994– -'.4 1996 25 20.50 8n 1995 one ban was li(idated. Yes

ameroon 19'7–93 -7.' 19'' 65 111.37 >i"e commercial bans were closed and t!ree bans were restr(ct(red. Yes

ameroon 1995–9' -2.5 1994 30 na T!ree bans were restr(ct(red and two were closed. Yes

anada 19'3–'5 -2.9 19'2 0.00 >i/teen members o/ t!e anadian ;e$osit 8ns(rance or$oration incl(ding two bans /ailed. &o

a$e Derde 1993– 3.3 1992 30 0.00 Yes

1976–92 -'.1 19'3 na >o(r bans were li(idated. Yes

1995–99 -4.0 1996 40 90 na T!e two largest bans acco(nting /or 90 $ercent o/ assets were restr(ct(red. Yes

!ad 19'0s -21.4 1979 na +aning sector e#$erienced sol"enc% $roblems. Yes

!ad 1992 -15.7 1993 35 10.10 Yes

!ile 1976 -11.4 1975 na ntire mortgage s%stem insol"ent. Yes

!ile 19'1–'3 -10.3 19'2 19 45 42 46.00 Yes

!ina 1990s– 3.' 1990 50 6' 47 na Yes

olombia 19'2–'7 0.9 19'2 25 5 7.00 T!e entral +an inter"ened in si# bans acco(nting /or 25 $ercent o/ baning s%stem assets. Yes

19'0s -0.5 19'2 na +aning sector e#$erienced sol"enc% $roblems. Yes

1991–92 -6.6 1990 26.43 Yes

:ne $roblem ban was merged in 1994 a small ban was li(idated in 1995 and t!e state-owned &ational ;e"elo$ment +an was reca$itali)ed. ?eca$itali)ing t!e &ational ;e"elo$ment +ancost 0.6 $ercent o/ @;.

8n 1996 t!e negati"e net wort! o/ selected state and /ederal bans was 5–10 $ercent o/ @;. +% t!eend o/ 1997 ban reca$itali)ations !ad cost E3 billion /or +anco conomico E3 billion /or+amerind(s E' billion /or +anco do +ra)il and E5 billion /or Fnibanco. +% t!e end o/ 1997 t!eentral +an !ad inter"ened in or $(t (nder tem$orar% administration 43 /inancial instit(tions.ri"ate bans ret(rned to $ro/itabilit% in 199' b(t $(blic bans did not begin to reco"er (ntil t!e/ollowing %ear.

+% earl% 1996 t!e sector !ad a negati"e net wort! e(al to 13 $ercent o/ @;. T!e baning s%stem

e#$erienced a r(n in earl% 1996. T!e go"ernment t!en sto$$ed $ro"iding bailo(ts $rom$ting t!eclos(re o/ 19 bans acco(nting /or one-t!ird o/ sector assets. (r"i"ing bans were reca$itali)ed b%1997.

entral A/rican?e$.

entral A/rican?e$.

At t!e end o/ 199' !inaBs /o(r large state-owned commercial bans acco(nting /or 6' $ercent o/ baning s%stem assets were deemed insol"ent. +aning s%stem non$er/orming loans wereestimated at 50 $ercent at $ea 31 $ercent in 2001 26 $ercent in 2002 and 22.6 $ercent in 2003. &et losses estimated to reac! E42' billion or 47 $ercent o/ @; in 1999. T!e costs o/ a $otentialclean ($ o/ t!e baning s%stem are estimated to reac! ?+4'00 billion or 47G o/ 2002 @;.

ongo ;em.?e$. o/


3/10

3


In % Year



Share ofNPLs at pea

!in %"

Share ofinsol#ent

$ansassetsat pea

!in %"

&iscal Cost!as % of

GDP"

'utput loss!I(&"

!as % ofGDP"

Systemiccrisis)

!YesNo"

1994– -13.9 1993 75 na Yes

ongo ?e$. o/ 1992– -5.5 1994 61.37 Yes

osta ?ica 1994– 0.9 1996 32 90 9.30 Yes

Ite dB8"oire 19''–91 -0.3 19'7 90 25 1.00 Yes

roatia 1996 -'.0 1993 50 0.00 Yes

19'9–91 na na 3' 12 0.00 e"eral bans !a"e closed since 1993. Yes

;enmar 19'7–92 0.0 19'7 24.30 &o

;*ibo(ti 1991–93 -1.9 1992 31.'3 Two o/ si# commercial bans ceased o$erations in 1991–92 ot!er bans e#$erienced di//ic(lties. Yes

c(ador arl% 19'0s -2.' 19'3 na rogram e#c!anging domestic /or /oreign debt im$lemented to bail o(t baning s%stem. Yes

c(ador 1996–97 1.7 1995 0.40 Yes

c(ador 199'–2001 -6.3 1999 65 20 12.00 Yes

g%$t arl% 19'0s 3.' 1991 na T!e go"ernment closed se"eral large in"estment com$anies. Yes

g%$t 1991–95 1.1 1991 '.60 >o(r $(blic bans were gi"en ca$ital assistance. &o

l al"ador 19'9 1.0 19'9 37 0.'0 &ine state-owned commercial bans !ad non$er/orming loans a"eraging 37 $ercent. Yes

19'3–'5 na na 0.00 Two o/ t!e co(ntr%Bs largest bans were li(idated. Yes

ritrea 1993 na na na ost o/ t!e baning s%stem was insol"ent. Yes

stonia 1992–95 -21.2 1992 41 1.4 na Yes

stonia 199' -0.6 1999 '.00 &o

t!io$ia 1994–95 -5.1 1992 0.00 &o

ongo ;em.?e$. o/ i"e bans acco(nting /or abo(t !al/ o/ baning s%stem loans were deemed insol"ent and taeno"er b% t!e +an ?e!abilitation Agenc%.

)ec!?e$(blic

(m(lati"e loan losses o"er 1990–92 were 9 $ercent o/ loans 40 o/ t!e 60 $roblem bans weremerged.

T!e a(t!orities inter"ened in se"eral small /inancial instit(tions in late 1995. +% t!e end o/ 1995

30 /inancial societies


4/104


In % Year



Share ofNPLs at pea

!in %"

Share ofinsol#ent

$ansassetsat pea

!in %"

&iscal Cost!as % of

GDP"

'utput loss!I(&"

!as % ofGDP"

Systemiccrisis)

!YesNo"

>inland 1991–94 -6.3 1991 13 31 11.2 21.00 Yes

>rance 1994–95 -0.9 1993 '.9 0.7 0.00 &o

@abon 1995– 3.4 1994 0.00 :ne ban was tem$oraril% closed in 1995. &o

@ambia T!e 19'5–92 -0.' 19'5 97.50 8n 1992 a go"ernment ban was restr(ct(red and $ri"ati)ed. &o

@eorgia 1991– -44.9 1992 33 na ,argest bans "irt(all% insol"ent. Yes

@erman% ,ate 1970s -1.3 1975 na o-called @iroinstit(tions /aced $roblems. &o

@!ana 19'2–'9 -6.9 19'2 63 6 7.00 e"en o/ ele"en a(dited bans insol"ent r(ral baning sector a//ected. Yes

@!ana 1997– 4.6 1996 27 3' 0.00 &o

@reece 1991–95 -1.6 1993 0.00 &o

@(atemala 1990s 3.1 1990 na &o

@(inea 19'5 na na 99 3 0.00 Yes

@(inea 1993–94 2.9 1992 45 0.00 Two bans deemed insol"ent one ot!er ban !ad serio(s /inancial di//ic(lties. Yes

@(inea-+issa( 1995– 3.2 1994 45 0.00 Yes

19'2–'3 2.7 19'2 10.60 &ine de$osit-taing com$anies /ailed. &o

19'3–'6 0.2 19'5 na e"en bans or de$osit-taing instit(tions were li(idated or taen o"er. &o

199' -5.0 199' 10.47 :ne large in"estment ban /ailed. &o

C(ngar% 1991–95 -11.9 1991 23 25 10 14.00 Yes

8celand 19'5–'6 3.3 19'5 0.00 &o

8celand 1993 -3.3 1992 0.00 &o

8ndia 1993– 4.9 1993 20 0.00 &o

8ndonesia 1994 7.5 1994 14 2 0.30 &o

8ndonesia 1997–2002 -13.1 199' 70 35 55 39.00 Yes

8srael 1977–'3 0.0 1977 30 na Yes

8tal% 1990–95 -0.9 1993 11 22.17 &o

a"ings bans badl% a//ected go"ernment too control o/ t!ree bans t!at toget!er acco(nted /or31 $ercent o/ s%stem de$osits.

redit ,%onnais e#$erienced serio(s sol"enc% $roblems. According to (no//icial estimates lossestotaled abo(t E10 billion maing it t!e largest ban /ail(re ($ to t!at time.

,ocali)ed $roblems re(ired signi/icant in*ections o/ $(blic /(nds into s$eciali)ed lendinginstit(tions.

Two small state-owned bans !ad !ig! non$er/orming assets t!ese bans discontin(ed o$erationsin t!e earl% 1990s.

i# bansacco(nting /or 99 $ercent o/ s%stem de$ositsdeemed insol"ent. ?e$a%ment o/de$osits amo(nted to 3 $ercent o/ 19'6 @;.

Cong Kong!ina

Cong Kong!ina

Cong Kong!ina

8n t!e second !al/ o/ 1993 eig!t bansacco(nting /or 25 $ercent o/ /inancial s%stem assetsweredeemed insol"ent.

:ne o/ t!ree state-owned bans became insol"ent and was e"ent(all% $ri"ati)ed in a merger wit!t!ree $ri"ate bans.

T!e go"ernment was /orced to in*ect ca$ital into one o/ t!e largest state-owned commercial bana/ter it s(//ered serio(s loan losses.

&on$er/orming assets reac!ed 11 $ercent in 1993–94. &on$er/orming assets o/ t!e 27 $(blic bansestimated at 20 $ercent in 1995. At t!e end o/ 199' non$er/orming loans estimated at 16 $ercentand at t!e end o/ 2001 t!e% decreased to 12.4 $ercent.

&on-$er/orming assets e(al to more t!an 14 $ercent o/ baning s%stem assets wit! more t!an 70 $ercent in state bans. ?eca$itali)ation costs /or /i"e state bans amo(nted to nearl% 2 $ercent o/@;.

T!ro(g! a% 2002 +an 8ndonesia !ad closed 70 bans and nationali)ed 13 o/ a total o/ 237. &on$er/orming loans /or t!e baning s%stem were estimated at 65–75 $ercent o/ total loans at t!e $ea o/ crisis and /ell to abo(t 12 $ercent in >ebr(ar% 2002.

Almost t!e entire baning sector was a//ected re$resenting 60 $ercent o/ stoc maretca$itali)ation. T!e stoc e#c!ange closed /or 1' da%s and ban s!are $rices /ell more t!an 40 $ercent.

;(ring 1990–94 5' bans


5/105


In % Year



Share ofNPLs at pea

!in %"

Share ofinsol#ent

$ansassetsat pea

!in %"

&iscal Cost!as % of

GDP"

'utput loss!I(&"

!as % ofGDP"

Systemiccrisis)

!YesNo"

amaica 1994 0.9 1994 11.53 8n 1994 a merc!ant baning gro($ was closed. Yes

amaica 1996–2000 -1.1 1996 43.9 7.00 Yes

a$an 1991– 0.9 1992 35 24 4'.00 Yes

ordan 19'9–90 -13.5 19'9 10 16.93 &o

Ken%a 19'5–'9 1.' 19'4 15 0.00 Yes

Ken%a 1992 -0.' 1992 7.'0 8nter"ention in two local bans. Yes

Ken%a 1993–95 -0.' 1992 30 1.20 Yes

Ken%a 1996– 4.1 1996 19 na &o

Korea ?e$. o/ 1997–2002 -6.7 199' 35 2' 17.00 Yes

K(wait 19'0s -20.6 19'0 40 na Yes

1990s -20.1 1994 '5 na >o(r small commercial bans closed in 1995. Yes

arl% 1990s 4.1 1991 1.5 na &o

,at"ia 1995– -34.9 1992 30 3 0.00 Yes

,ebanon 19''–90 -42.5 19'9 11'.00 >o(r bans became insol"ent. le"en !ad to resort to entral +an lending. Yes

,esot!o 19''– 3.5 19'7 0.00 :ne o/ /o(r commercial bans s(//ered /rom large non$er/orming loans. &o

,iberia 1991–95 -51.0 1990 64 na Yes

>8&A a go"ernment resol(tion agenc% $ro"ided assistance to 5 bans 5 li/e ins(rancecom$anies 2 b(ilding societies and 9 merc!ant bans. @o"ernment reca$itali)ed 21 tro(bledinstit(tions "ia non-tradeable go"ernment g(aranteed bonds. +% (ne 30 2000 o(tstanding reca$

bonds estimated to acco(nt /or 44 $ercent o/ @;

+ans s(//ered /rom s!ar$ decline in stoc maret and real estate $rices. 8n 1995 t!e o//icialestimate o/ non$er/orming loans was 40 trillion %en (*i+an and its(i Tr(st was merged wit! !(o Tr(st. 8n 2002 non$er/orming loans were 35 $ercent o/ total loans wit! a total o/ 7 bans nationali)ed 61 /inancial instit(tions closed and 2'instit(tions merged. 8n 1996 resc(e costs were estimated at more t!an E100 billion. 8n 199' t!e

go"ernment anno(nced t!e :b(c!i lan w!ic! $ro"ided 60 trillion %en


6/106


In % Year



Share ofNPLs at pea

!in %"

Share ofinsol#ent

$ansassetsat pea

!in %"

&iscal Cost!as % of

GDP"

'utput loss!I(&"

!as % ofGDP"

Systemiccrisis)

!YesNo"

,it!(ania 1995–96 -9.' 1994 29 0.00 Yes

acedonia 1993–94 -7.5 1993 70 32 0.73 Yes

adagascar 19'' 1.2 19'7 25 0.00 Yes

ala%sia 19'5–'' -1.1 19'5 7 5 14.30 &o

ala%sia 1997–2001 -7.4 199' 30 14 16.4 33.00 Yes

ali 19'7–'9 -0.5 19'7 75 3.43 Yes

a(ritania 19'4–93 -3.2 19'4 70 15 0.00 8n 19'4 /i"e ma*or bans !ad non$er/orming assets ranging /rom 45–70 $ercent o/ t!eir $ort/olios. Yes

a(riti(s 1996 4.1 1995 17 0.00 T!e entral +an closed 2 o/ 12 commercial bans /or /ra(d and ot!er irreg(larities. &o

e#ico 19'1–91 -4.2 19'3 na @o"ernment too o"er tro(bled baning s%stem. Yes

e#ico 1994–2000 -6.2 1995 1'.9 19 19.3 10.00 Yes

orocco arl% 19'0s -2.' 19'1 na +aning sector e#$erienced sol"enc% $roblems. Yes

o)ambi(e 19'7–95L -11.4 19'' 0.00 ain commercial ban e#$erienced sol"enc% $roblems t!at became a$$arent a/ter 1992. Yes

%anmar 1996– 6.4 1996 2.00 T!e largest state-owned commercial ban re$orted to !a"e large non$er/orming loans. &o

&e$al 19'' 1.7 19'7 29 2.20 Yes

&ew Healand 19'7–90 -0.1 19'' 25 1 0.00 &o

&icarag(a ,ate 19'0s–96 -12.4 19'' 50 na Yes

&iger 19'3– -16.' 19'4 50 25.30 Yes

&igeria 1991–95 0.1 1994 77 50 6'.40 Yes

&igeria 1997 2.7 1997 4 na &o

8n 1995 o/ 25 bans 12 small bans were li(idated 3 $ri"ate bans inance com$an% sector was restr(ct(red and n(mber o/ /inance was red(ced /rom 39 to 10

t!ro(g! mergers. Two /inance com$anies were taen o"er b% t!e entral +an incl(ding t!elargest inde$endent /inance com$an%. Two bans deemed insol"entacco(nting /or 14 $ercent o//inancial s%stem assetswill be merged wit! ot!er bans. &on$er/orming loans $eaed between25–35 $ercent o/ baning s%stem assets and /ell to 10.' $ercent b% arc! 2002.

:/ 34 commercial bans in 1994 9 were inter"ened in and 11 $artici$ated in t!e loanM$(rc!asereca$itali)ation $rogram. T!e 9 inter"ened bans acco(nted /or 19 $ercent o/ /inancial s%stemassets and were deemed insol"ent. 8n 1994 one $ercent o/ ban assets were owned b% /oreignerand b% 2000 50 $ercent o/ ban assets were !eld b% /oreign bans.

:ne large state-owned ban acco(nting /or one-(arter o/ baning assets e#$erienced serio(ssol"enc% $roblems d(e to !ig! non$er/orming loans. T!e ban re(ired a ca$ital in*ection e(al to1 $ercent o/ @;.

8n t!e mid-19'0s baning s%stem non$er/orming loans reac!ed 50 $ercent. >o(r bans wereli(idated and t!ree restr(ct(red in t!e late 19'0s. 8n 2002 a new ro(nd o/ ban restr(ct(ring wasla(nc!ed. >o(r bans were e#$eriencing serio(s di//ic(lties. Two o/ t!em were to be restr(ct(redand t!e ot!er two mig!t be li(idated.

8n 1993 insol"ent bans acco(nted /or 20 $ercent o/ baning s%stem assets and 22 $ercent o/de$osits. 8n 1995 almost !al/ t!e bans re$orted being in /inancial distress.

Country Timeframe CommentsLowest real Share of Share of &iscal Cost 'utput loss Systemic


7/10

7


In % Year



Share ofNPLs at pea

!in %"

Share ofinsol#ent

$ansassetsat pea

!in %"

&iscal Cost!as % of

GDP"

'utput loss!I(&"

!as % ofGDP"

Systemiccrisis)

!YesNo"

&orwa% 1990–93 0.9 19'9 '5 ' 0.00 Yes

anama 19''–'9 -13.4 19'' 16.27 Yes

19'9– -3.0 1990 11.93 ome '5 $ercent o/ sa"ings and loan associations !a"e ceased o$erations. &o

arag(a% 1995–2000 3.1 1994 10 13 0.00 Yes

arag(a% 2001– -0.3 2000 na &o

er( 19'3–90 -11.' 19'3 15.20 Yes

!ili$$ines 19'3–'7 -7.3 19'4 19 62 3 26.00 Yes

!ili$$ines 199'– -0.6 199' 20 13.2 10.10 Yes

oland 1992–95 -7.0 1991 24 90 3.5 0.00 Yes

?omania 1990– -12.9 1991 30 0.6 21.'0 Yes

?(ssia 1995 -12.6 1994 0.00 Yes

T!e entral +an $ro"ided s$ecial loans to si# bans s(//ering /rom t!e recession o/ 19'5–'6 and/rom $roblem real estate loans. T!e state too control o/ t!e t!ree largest bans


8/10

'

y

In % Year

GDP growth


NPLs at pea

!in %"

insol#ent

$ansassetsat pea

!in %"

!as % of

GDP"

p!I(&"

!as % ofGDP"

ycrisis)

!YesNo"

?(ssia 199'–99 -4.9 199' 40 50 na 3.00 Yes

?wanda 1991– -2.5 1991 2.63 :ne ban wit! a well-establis!ed networ closed. &o

19'0s and 1990s 90 na Yes

enegal 19''–91 -1.4 19'9 50 25 17 0.00 Yes

ierra ,eone 1990– -19.0 1992 45 2'.57 :ne banBs license was s(s$ended in 1994. +an reca$itali)ation and restr(ct(ring are ongoing. Yes

inga$ore 19'2 7.1 19'2 0.6 1.50 &o

lo"aia 1991– -14.6 1991 32.90 Yes

lo"enia 1992–94 -'.9 1991 67 14.6 0.00 T!ree bansacco(nting /or two-t!irds o/ baning s%stem assetswere restr(ct(red. Yes

o(t! A/rica 1977 -2.' 1977 na Tr(st +an e#$erienced $roblems &o

o(t! A/rica 19'9– 2.4 19'9 0.00 ome bans are e#$eriencing $roblems. &o

$ain 1977–'5 2.' 1977 20 5.6 0.00 Yes

ri ,ana 19'9–93 2.3 19'9 35 5 1.00 Yes

wa)iland 1995 3.' 1995 0.00 Yes

weden 1991–94 -1.1 1991 13 22 4 11.00 Yes

Taiwan !ina 19'3–'4 3.6 19'2 0.00 >o(r tr(st com$anies and ele"en coo$erati"es /ailed. &o

Taiwan !ina 1995 6.4 1995 21.20 &o

Taiwan !ina 1997–9' 6.1 1996 26 11.5 na Yes

Ta*iistan 1996– -16.7 1996 0.00 &o

&earl% 720 bans or !al/ o/ t!ose now o$erating were deemed insol"ent. T!ese bans acco(nted/or 4 $ercent o/ sector assets and 32 $ercent o/ retail de$osits. According to t!e entral +an 1' bans !olding 40 $ercent o/ sector assets and 41 $ercent o/ !o(se!old de$osits are in serio(sdi//ic(lties and will re(ire resc(e b% t!e state.

No TomO andrinci$e

At t!e end o/ 1992 90 $ercent o/ t!e monobanBs loans were non$er/orming. 8n 1993 t!ecommercial and de"elo$ment de$artments o/ t!e /ormer monoban were li(idated as was t!eonl% /inancial instit(tion. At t!e same time two new bans were licensed t!at too o"er man% o/t!e assets o/ t!eir $redecessors. T!e credit o$erations o/ one new ban !a"e been s(s$ended sincelate 1994.

8n 19'' 50 $ercent o/ baning s%stem loans were non$er/orming. i# commercial bans and onede"elo$ment ban closed acco(nting /or 20–30 $ercent o/ /inancial s%stem assets.

8n 1997 (nreco"erable loans were estimated at 101 billion crowns or abo(t 31 $ercent o/ loans and15 $ercent o/ @;.

8n 197'–'3 24 instit(tions were resc(ed 4 were li(idated 4 were merged and 20 small andmedi(m-si)e bans were nationali)ed. T!ese 52 bans oresta acco(nting /or 24 $ercent o/ baning s%stem assets inter"ened. :"erall /i"eo/ t!e si# largest bans acco(nting /or more t!an 70 $ercent o/ baning s%stem assets e#$erienceddi//ic(lties.

>ail(re o/ credit coo$erati"e !ang(a >o(rt! in late (l% s$ared r(ns on ot!er credit (nions incentral and so(t!ern Taiwan.

:ne o/ t!e largest bans is insol"ent one small ban !as been closed and anot!er


9/10

9

In % Year

GDP growth


NPLs at pea

!in %"

insol#ent

$ansassetsat pea

!in %"

!as % of

GDP"

!I(&"

!as % ofGDP"

crisis)

!YesNo"

Tan)ania 70 95 10 na Yes

T!ailand 19'3–'7 5.6 19'3 25 0.7 0.10 Yes

T!ailand 1997–2002 -10.5 199' 33 34.' 40.00 Yes

Togo -15.1 1993 15.27 +aning sector e#$erienced sol"enc% $roblems. Yes

19'2–93 -5.2 19'3 5.43 &o

T(nisia 1991–95 3.9 1991 3 0.00 &o

T(re% 19'2–'5 3.6 19'2 2.5 0.00 Yes

T(re% 1994 -5.5 1994 1 10.00 T!ree bans /ailed in A$ril 1994. &o

T(re% 2000– -4.7 1999 30.5 0.00 Two bans closed and 19 bans !a"e been taen o"er b% t!e a"ings ;e$osit 8ns(rance >(nd. Yes

Fganda 1994– '.3 1993 50 0.00 Yes

Fraine 1997–9' -10.0 1996 65 0.00 Yes

1974–76 -1.6 1974 na econdar% +aning risis. &o

19'0s and 1990s na &o

Fnited tates 19''–91 4.2 19'' 4.1 3.2 0.00 &o

Fr(g(a% 19'1–'4 -10.3 19'3 30 31.2 41.00 Yes

,ate 19'0s1990s

8n 19'7 t!e main /inancial instit(tions !ad arrears amo(nting to !al/ t!eir $ort/olios. 8n 1995 it wasdetermined t!at t!e &ational +an o/ ommerce w!ic! acco(nted /or 95 $ercent o/ banings%stem assets !as been insol"ent since at least 1990.

A(t!orities inter"ened in 50 /inance and sec(rit% /irms and 5 commercial bans or abo(t 25 $ercent o/ /inancial s%stem assets 3 commercial bans deemed insol"ent


10/10

10

In % Year

GDP growth


NPLs at pea

!in %"

insol#ent

$ansassetsat pea

!in %"

!as % of

GDP"

!I(&"

!as % ofGDP"

crisis)

!YesNo"

Fr(g(a% 2002– -10.' 20.02 25 '.27 Yes

Dene)(ela na &o

Dene)(ela 1994–95 -2.3 1994 35 22 14.00 Yes

Dietnam 1997– '.1 1997 1' 51 23.00 Yes

Yemen 1996– 10.9 1995 1'.'7 +ans s(//ered /rom e#tensi"e non$er/orming loans and !ea"% /oreign c(rrenc% e#$os(re. Yes

Hambia 1995 -'.7 1994 13 1.4 0.00 eridian +an w!ic! acco(nted /or 13 $ercent o/ commercial ban assets became insol"ent. Yes

Himbabwe 1995– 0.2 1995 0.00 Two o/ /i"e commercial bans !a"e !ig! non$er/orming loans. Yes

T!e @o"ernment-owned mortgage ban was reca$itali)ed in ;ecember 2001. T!e baning s%steme#$erienced a large o(t/low o/ de$osits inancial crisesJ !aracteristics and indicators o/ "(lnerabilit%R Qorld conomic :(tloo (nd 2003. RA >ramewor /or anaging %stemic +aning risesR dra/t.

World Bank Database of Banking Crises October 6 2003

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Transcript of World Bank Database of Banking Crises October 6 2003