WORKSHOP SUMMARY Training Managers for 21 st Century Fisheries Queenstown, NZ December 5-7, 2001...

Training Managers for 21st Century

Fisheries Queenstown, NZ

December 5-7, 2001

WORKSHOP SUMMARYWORKSHOP SUMMARYGil Sylvia, Coastal Oregon Marine Experiment Station, Oregon State UniversityLaurie Jodice, Marine Resource Management, Oregon State UniversityMichael Harte, Falklands Islands GovernmentSusan Hanna, Agricultural & Resource Economics, Oregon State UniversityKevin Stokes, NZ Seafood Industry Council

Training Managers for 21st Century Fisheries

• Background & Rationale

• Challenges & Vision

• Skills & Knowledge

• Current Training

• Incentives & Rewards

• Consensus Strategies & Recommendations

OutlineOutline

WorkshopWorkshop GoalGoalBring together

Recognized leaders from all fishery sectors (government, industry, academia)

to actively discuss

The challenges for fishery management and the training, education, and professional

working environments necessary to produce

Problem solvers, leaders, and innovators.


RationaleRationale

– Institutional transition – Shift in responsibilities – Goals have evolved – More challenging strategies


How do we respond to…?

How should training evolve to meet challenges?– Strategic planning

– Critical thinking

– Problem-solving

– Leadership

– Team-work

How can we improve recruitment and retention of talented managers?

Workshop ObjectivesWorkshop ObjectivesTraining Managers for 21st Century Fisheries

1) Create a VISION for the 21st century – challenges and opportunities

2) Determine management competencies (SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE) and individual qualities necessary to meet challenges

3) Evaluate CURRENT EDUCATIONAL AND TRAINING PROGRAMS - Do they meet the needs?

4) Evaluate the organizational management structure necessary to provide INCENTIVES AND REWARDS to attract and retain well trained individuals.

5) Recommend STRATEGIES for providing educational and training programs necessary to attract and produce individuals with the appropriate abilities

MethodsMethods


•Pre-workshop focus Questions (email)

•Presentations and panel discussions

•Small workgroup discussion

ParticipationParticipation•US, NZ, Australia, Europe, Falklands

•63 participants

•Academic, Government, Industry, Consultants

VisionVisionWho is the 21st Century Fishery Manager?


Characteristics of a 21st Century fishery manager:• Effective leader - policy process, team analysis

• Moral character

• Intellectual ability

• Passionate

• Technical management

• Understands physical AND human components

Agreement

No consensus definition of a fishery manager

• Political, economic, and social framework of the nation or region, and the sector

Vision Vision What is the vision for fishery management 10 years from now?


• Gap - Legal mandates vs current practices.

• Catching up –– Implementation-overload

– Existing problems

Government perspective

Differences


• Responsibility – reconciling management by fishing rights holders with other stakeholder groups.

Industry


Differences


• Sustainability - future generations.

• Ethics

• Indigenous knowledge

Indigenous perspective

State Library of Victoria

http://www.nztvl.com

Differences


Skills & KnowledgeSkills & KnowledgeTraining Managers for 21st Century Fisheries

• What are the key skills that educators should be emphasizing?

• What are the “capstone” areas of the ideal curricula?

Skills & KnowledgeSkills & KnowledgeTraining Managers for 21st Century Fisheries

1. Fishery management is a process, not a tightly bounded organization

• Everyone who significantly participates in the fishery management process is a “manager”

2. All necessary skills and knowledge cannot exist in one manager

• All participants in fisheries management will require some common skills and knowledge, but at different depths.

3. The role of the fisheries manager varies

Agreement – Challenges in defining skills and knowledge

Skills and KnowledgeSkills and KnowledgeTraining Managers for 21st Century Fisheries

The role of the fisheries manager varies…

GENERALIST understands broad complexity of the system

SPECIALIST supports generalists

Specialist or Generalist ?

Leads team analysis

Member of team



leading change innovation, adaptationpolicy-making strategic planning evaluation of outcomesdecisions about implementationimplementation

Accou

nta

bilit

y



•Institution

Scientific centralized, pluralistic or rights-based?

•Sector

Industry, government, or nongovernmental organization (NGO)?

•Management scale

International, national, or local?

•Type of fishery

•Level of economic development


• Industry, community, and NGO stakeholders;

• Non-governmental managers of individual fishery organizations

• Leaders of NGOs

• Mid-level governmental managers

• Lead managers of government fishery agencies

• Institutional analysts

• Policymakers

Seven Classes of Managers


0 5 10 15 20

Business/Industry

Policy/Law

Social Science

General Management

Economics

Science

Critical thinking & Problem-solving

Technical analysis

Communication & Conflict

Leadership

Sk

ills

& K

no

wle

dg

e

% of Comments

Pre-workshop response:


BASICS

• Sciences (biology ecology)

• Economics

• Social science

• Policy & law

• Business

Workshop Agreement – more leadership emphasis

LEADERSHIP & MANAGEMENT

• Communications (conflict resolution, consensus building, facilitation, people skills, intercultural skills)

• Integrative or system level critical thinking

• Decision-making

• Problem solving

• Risk analysis

FISHERIES SPECIFIC

• Fisheries Science

• Fisheries Management tools (risk analysis; stock assessment)

• Knowledge of all stakeholder groups

• Managing specialist & decision-maker interface

• Incorporating indigenous & industry knowledge


“Capstone”

Allow students to integrate and apply knowledge and skills through a specific academic or other training experience.

• Reality-based or real-world

• Fisheries specific or at least other natural resource management

All groups thought practical training was important…

Skills andSkills and KnowledgeKnowledgeTraining Managers for 21st Century Fisheries

• Case study

• Modeling, simulation

• Role playing, debating

• Applied research projects

• Analytical team projects

• Applied management courses

• Fishery management plan development

• Fisheries and society studies on different scales

University of Rhode Island, Policy Simulation Lab

Reality Based - integrated Experience w/ practical application

UW-OSU student conference

http://www.uri.edu/cels/enre/mre/mre.htm

Real-world - private or public sector:

• Internships, professional mentoring or shadowing, secondments

•Sea time – e.g. commercial; research; fisheries observer program

•Field experience in multi-party conflict resolution

• Interaction with fishing communities

• Interaction with fishery management councils

Skills and KnowledgeSkills and Knowledge


Gulf of Mexico Fisheries Council Meeting

Fisheries observer

Current TrainingCurrent TrainingTraining Managers for 21st Century Fisheries

Current training capacity?• Academic programs w/ FM

– Organization– Curriculum strategy – Quality indicators

• Continuing education models

Review of current programs

http://www.coas.oregonstate.edu/mrm/curriculum/TFM21.html

Organization – Distribution of FM programsCurrent TrainingCurrent Training


• Internships, professional mentoring or shadowing, secondments

Australia (5)(3)

China(1)

Japan(4)(4)

Indonesia(1)

Norway(1)

Netherlands(1)Portugal(1)

Ireland(2)(1)Scotland (1) UK (10)(4)

Canada (6)(4)

US (39)(24)

Total academic programs = 72Total institutions = 46Total degree options = 165


• Evolved primarily from fisheries sciences •“Fisheries management”

– Course(s) - 43%– Emphasis/Option – 38%– Major – 19%

•Variety of degree levels – PhD & Masters most common

•Flexibility - PgC, PgD, or Masters; Distance courses; accelerated courses

Review of current programs - Analysis

Organization



Strategy & Content

• Goal– Entry-level professionals

(undergraduate, most common)

– Scientific foundation for research (graduate/PhD)

– Scientists and professional resource managers capable of leadership and multidisciplinary problem analysis (least common)



Strategy & Content• Disciplinary foundation - core

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Wildlife Science

Other Natural Resources

Economics

Environmental Policy

Marine Affairs or Policy

Marine/Ocean Science

Aquaculture

Fisheries Management

Fisheries Science

Dis

cip

lina

ry f

ou

nd

ati

on

% of 72 programs

• Science & Management (mentioned by institution): – Fisheries biology (76%)– Economics (70%)– Fisheries ecology(68%) – Policy (62%) – Sociology (52%)– Law (47%) – Business(35%).

• Courses (presence at institution – usually 1 )

– Fisheries economics (31%) – Marine or natural resource and environmental economics

(55%) – Fisheries management (90%) – usually habitat management



Strategy and Content


Current TrainingCurrent TrainingReview of current programs - Analysis

Strategy and Content

•Skills

0 20 40 60 80 100

Strategic /LR planningSystems thinking

Policy analysisCritical thinking Problem-solvingDecision-making

Conflict Resolution

Experimental design/statistical samplingRisk/Impact Assessment

GIS/Mapping skillsResearchMonitoring

Employee supervision and managementTeam w ork

Budget PreparationAdministration

Public relationsTechnical assistance

ExtensionPublic speaking

Technical w riting Key words

% of 72 academic programs

COMMUNICATION

ADMINISTRATION

RESEARCH

MANAGEMENT



Quality Indicators• Program capacity:

– Course quantity, diversity, and quality – Fisheries research & faculty

(91% of 46 institutions have marine focus)

• Capstone:

– (70%) Thesis

– (45%) Research Project

– (< 10%) Case Study, Leadership exercise, or Team Project



Quality Indicators – cont.

• Partnerships

– Intra and inter-sectoral

– e.g. NOAA Fisheries and Academic Institutions

OSU student and NOAA Scientist

• Facilities:– Near fishing community

(61%) – Marine lab (63%)– Research vessel (54%) OSU Lab


Continuing Education - Models

Academic:• Extension and outreach programs

– Specialized, needs based

• PgC or PgD, professional masters• Accelerated, distance courses

Government:• National training centers – e.g. USFWS, National

Conservation Training Center• In-house


Continuing Education - Models

Industry:• Specialized, needs based• Industry associations or trade groups• e.g. SITO (Seafood Industry Training Organization)

Non-profit/Foundation:• Open-enrollment or custom designed• Leadership, administration or management• e.g. Center for Creative Leadership in North

Carolina

Incentives and RewardsIncentives and RewardsTraining Managers for 21st Century Fisheries

• How do we attract, support and enable skilled fisheries managers to succeed?

• How do we develop responsible, professionally rewarding opportunities?


• Recruitment

• High turnover/low retention

• Aging workforce

• Knowledgeable, non-agency people reluctant to engage in process

Problems


Internal• Low pay • Limited career prospects• Limited professional development• Low job satisfaction• Science – management conflict

Suggested Causes

External• Poor exposure & recognition as profession• Low interest among grads • Lack of public and stakeholder trust • Politics and Litigation – weak authority, low morale• Failure to achieve outcome = personal failure• Media and stakeholder focus on failure

1. Develop creative partnerships• Cross-sectoral training – e.g. fellowships for

agency or industry participation in academia • Dual Degree programs (MBA, Public Admin.)• Capstone opportunities

Consensus StrategiesConsensus StrategiesTraining Managers for 21st Century Fisheries

2. Management process as a learning experience• Ongoing evaluation and adaptive management• Integrated w/ academic research and teaching• Process based stakeholder training

3. Broaden and Lengthen career path

• Recruit from broader range of disciplines• Consider performance standards and/or

professional certification• Provide educational opportunities• Clear career development pathways• Salary



4. Gap Analysis • Perform sector-based needs assessment• Survey current training• Develop minimum level of skills and knowledge for

all levels and classes or sectors of managers

• Use as baseline input for other strategies

Sector or type of manager

Minimum level for all = basics

Level

5. Website

• International education and training database or clearinghouse

• Categorized by level of training and sector


6. Industry scholarships• Industry $ support for students• NZ willing, US needs someone to lead effort

7. Case study library• Catalog existing – literature, survey instructors• Develop process, format, templates• Writing workshops

8. Network of training providers • Needs coordination• International needs assessment• Launch at international fisheries conference • Use internet/website as coordinating tool


• International steering committee

• Develop case study concept

• Complete website

• Consult with executive IIFET committee to determine interest in supporting efforts

• Make workshop results available

• Pursue funding possibilities and ideas – within countries, international funders

• Work with partners – IIFET, FAO, World Bank, NOAA/NMFS

ActionsActionsTraining Managers for 21st Century Fisheries

Need committed effort by national and international organizations to address challenges and overcome barriers.

1. Does the panel or audience have general comments/additions regarding workshop recommendations for Educating 21st Century Managers Workshop?

2. Are there recommendations specifically for marine resource economists, the economics profession, or other related social sciences for improving the education and success of fishery managers?

3. Is there a specific role for IIFET in improving the education and professionalism of fishery managers – for example, information clearinghouse, coordinating/conducting training and workshops, assisting in developing professional organizations, academic training, continuing education for professionals?

QUESTIONSQUESTIONS


1. Develop creative partnerships2. Management process as a learning experience

3. Broaden and Lengthen career path

4. Gap Analysis

5. Website

6. Industry Scholarships

7. Case Study library

8. Network of training providers

Consensus Strategies - SUMMARYConsensus Strategies - SUMMARY


• END

WORKSHOP SUMMARY Training Managers for 21 st Century Fisheries Queenstown, NZ December 5-7, 2001...

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