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Workshop Report

DOSI Day 2017: Updates and future directions for science-policy engagement to safeguard the deep ocean and

enable sustainable use

27 August 2017, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, USA

DOSI Day meeting participants (see Appendix 2)

DOSI Day 2017 Workshop supported by:

Report written by DOSI Day Presenters (in order of appearance): Lisa Levin, Kristina Gjerde, Harriet Harden-Davies, Nadine Le Bris, Les Watling, Matt Gianni, Ashley Rowden, Maria Baker, Suzanne Garrett, Bronwen Currie,

Verena Tunnicliffe

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY DOSI Day 2017 bought together 100 participants to discuss science-policy engagement to safeguard the deep ocean and enable sustainable use. The workshop, sponsored by JM Kaplan Fund, enabled participants to share information and ideas about deep-ocean stewardship activities, across all current DOSI themes. Presentations of DOSI activities since 2015 highlighted the acceleration and expansion of DOSI’s operations and outputs. Participants were encouraged to engage in DOSI events and working group activities. Future DOSI activities were planned through break-out discussion sessions. It was agreed that there is a need to re-assess the current DOSI governance and organisation structure in order to streamline operations across the increasingly complex portfolio of DOSI’s activities. The DOSI Day workshop was followed by a special session at the Chemosynthetic-Based Ecosystems meeting on 28/08/2017, also held in Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) and sponsored by JM Kaplan Fund, which hosted an excellent range of invited talks on chemosynthetic habitats and society.

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INTRODUCTION DOSI Day 2017 brought together 100 participants (Appendix 2) from a variety of disciplines and countries (25) to deliberate on key issues relating to deep-ocean stewardship. The objectives of the workshop were to: *Share information about recent, on-going and planned deep-sea stewardship activities *Update the scientific community on DOSI funding and structure *Engage as many new and existing DOSI participants as possible *Develop new directions and DOSI activities for the future *Develop working group goals and action planning

DOSI current working group leads delivered presentations to inform participants about activities since the last DOSI-wide meeting held in Aveiro, Portugal in August 2015. These presentations were given on the morning of the meeting, as per Agenda (Appendix 3). All latest working group activities can be viewed on the DOSI website (www.dosi-project.org). The following summarises items from the morning session (acronym list at end – Appendix 1): Current DOSI membership: 512 members from 40 countries; 11 working groups

DOSI Operations and Products via:

workshops publications (peer-reviewed papers and contributions to high-level reports) webinars guidance and stakeholder response, surveys UN input including policy briefs and side-events (e.g. BBNJ, ISA, SDG14, UNFCC, IPCC,

FAO, UNGA) training courses resource provision (e.g. online deep-sea mining and climate change bibliographies) communications via website (translated to 16 languages so far), mailing list and twitter

(@deepstewardship) DOSI promotional materials (brochures, banner, standardized templates etc.)

Highlights for Aug 2015 – Aug 2017:

Numerous peer-reviewed publications and reports from working groups (see website for details and links)

Workshops (e.g. EREGS - review of draft environmental regulations for deep-sea mining of the ISA; FAO/DOSI deep-sea climate change, fish and fisheries)

Policy briefs and side events at UN: BBNJ PrepComm 2, 3 and 4; survey of scientific attitudes on marine genetic resources

Side events and UN Voluntary commitments: UN Ocean Conference Side event and participation at annual session and workshops: ISA Side events and press conferences at UNFCCC COP 21 (Paris) and COP 22 (Marrakesh) UN General Assembly review of actions taken to protect deep-sea species and

ecosystems in ABNJ and new resolution talking for further actions Training: Namibian benthos training week Survey on best practices for access and benefit sharing of marine genetic resources in

ABNJ Survey on minimizing and addressing ocean acidification for UN Oceans Meeting, DOSI

Side event ‘Deep-sea science for sustainable development’.

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Input to Technical Abstracts for UN First World Ocean Assessment deep-sea chapters DOSI special sessions and attendance at key meetings (e.g. CBE6, AAAS, WCMB, IOC-

UNESCO Assembly; UMI, SEMPIA, ISA workshops, RFMO, UNGA fisheries negotiations, relevant research project meetings such as MIDAS and JPI Oceans etc.)

New DOSI affiliations (e.g. DOOS, MBON, GESAMP, IPBES, UN WOA, GOBI, IMO, Galathea, PICES, IOC International Ocean Decade, Deep-Sea Biology Society, SUT, InterRidge, NOAA-OER, Research programmes e.g. Atlas, Sponges, JPI Oceans, AtlanTOS, Sense Ocean, MERCES, CoralFish).

Funding News

Since August 2015 many DOSI activities have been made possible by financial support from: JM Kaplan Fund, University of Southampton, Fondation Total (via INDEEP), The Pew Charitable Trusts, UN FAO and Scripps Institution of Oceanography.

DOSI has been awarded £400,000 from Arcadia for the next 5 years (2017-2022), to support secretariat activities to formalize organization and expand membership base across all DOSI activities, ensure scientific input to development of UN BBNJ treaty and ISA mining regulations, and to host workshops, enable travel to key meetings and cover costs for open access publications. . Arcadia was founded by Lisbet Rausing and Peter Baldwin, and supports charities and scholarly institutions that preserve endangered culture and nature, and promote open access.

Planned Upcoming DOSI Events Workshop to draft EIA template for use by RFMOs in managing their deep-sea bottom

trawl fisheries (Darling Marine Center, Aug 29-30 2017) DOSI Attendance at UMI Annual Meeting (Sept 2017, Berlin) Invited attendance at ISA workshop on spatial planning within mining sites (PRZ/IRZs)

meeting (Sept 2017, Berlin) DOSI speaker at Our Ocean Conference organized by the European Commission (October

2017, Malta) DOSI participation at COP23 Oceans Day and other events (Nov 2017, Bonn) Ocean Sciences - Societal Applications of Deep Ocean Observations (Feb 2018, Portland) Special DOSI Session at World Conference of Marine Biodiversity (May 2018, Montreal) Special DOSI Session (The deep ocean under climate change) at Effects of Climate

Change on the World’s Oceans (ECCWO), June 4-8, 2018, Washington DC. DOSI attendance at International Marine Conservation Congress (June 2018, Malaysia) Special DOSI Session at 15th Deep-Sea Biology Symposium (Sept 2018, Monterey) Our Ocean Conference (dates TBD) Future BBNJ Treaty Negotiations (dates TBD)

New DOSI Organisation

The current governance and organisational structure of DOSI will be examined in the coming months and input will be sought from DOSI membership as to the best way to proceed. We will consider: DOSI’s mission, values and objectives The pressing deep-ocean priorities that DOSI should contribute to Formalisation and reassessment of DOSI’s existing governance structure, personnel,

roles and responsibilities, terms of reference, and other related issues Streamlining working group operations Streamlining communication operations Development of new working groups, possible amalgamation or termination of existing

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working groups Streamlining engagement and collaboration within the deep-sea science community

with respect to stewardship, across the wider community, within DOSI (including between working groups)

Increasing engagement and membership from developing countries, different scientific disciplines, different sectors and early career scientists

DOSI Working Groups - Looking Forward Some of the DOSI working groups (Minerals, Oil and Gas, Climate Change, Fisheries and Policy) convened breakout sessions during the afternoon to discuss future plans. Each group was asked to consider: future directions, pressing issues, science-policy processes to engage in, cross-cutting issues and how to integrate across working groups, proactive targets, identification of policy gaps and how to fill, capacity development workshop need, measures of success, communications strategy for group and across groups. Priority points/activities identified within each working group are given below. Also note going forward we may remove, consolidate or add working groups. Minerals Working Group (107 members)

1. Address the ISA call for input to the new Draft Exploitation Regulations with attention to the questions posed by the Legal and Technical Commission. Deadline 17 Nov 2017 – WG call for individual members to work on EIS section (15 pages)

2. Develop a report requested by PEW Charitable Trusts: “The scientific basis for environmental rule making at the ISA”

3. DOSI representation at UMI Annual Meeting (Sept 2017, Berlin) 4. Invited representation at ISA’s PRZ/IRZ meeting (Sept 2017, Berlin) 5. Explore working directly with country delegates at the ISA – ISA regulations will be

applicable as a minimum to member states within their own jurisdictional waters also 6. Assess plans for a possible workshop on plume impacts of deep-sea mining

Oil and Gas Working Group (74 members)

1. Broad stakeholder workshop to look at science required and recommendations from the review – to identify science-based knowledge that is needed for developing or modifying regulations as well as guidelines for and evaluation of environmental impact assessments– invitees from across disciplines

2. Additional workshop to develop capacity to design and implement environmental impact assessments for offshore oil and gas industrial activities in developing nations – proposed host: Trinidad

3. Assess the applicability of existing oil and gas assessments and regulations for offshore gas hydrate resources

4. Establish collaborative relationship with International Petroleum Industry Environmental Conservation Association (IPIECA)

5. Promote collaborative efforts to increase research in the following areas: a. Effects of sound on fish and invertebrates b. Effects of impacts on processes at microbial level c. Interactions between climatic variables and drilling impacts d. In situ and ex situ studies of effects of dispersants on deep-sea organisms e. Recovery studies f. Cumulative effect studies g. More studies to determine distance of set-back and buffer zones h. Robust approaches for biodiversity assessment using meta-barcoding/eDNA

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6. Encourage responsible development by promoting cost-effective MPA design, encouraging the use of VME and EBSA concepts, providing examples of good adaptive management and examples of levels of acceptable change.

Climate Change Working Group (74 members)

1. Work on FAO-DOSI collaboration report – Climate change impacts on deep-sea habitats, fish and fisheries (2017 completion)

2. Organisation of special DOSI Session (The deep ocean under climate change) at Effects of Climate Change on the World’s Oceans (ECCWO), June 2018, Washington DC

3. Further writing plans a. Review paper (title to be refined) Beyond observed/forecast changes: mechanisms, rates and correlation between climate stressors in the deep-sea. b. Deep-blue carbon - a policy brief (to start with the assessment of sources/sinks)

4. Develop the Zotero-based deep-sea climate change bibliography and work on indexing papers (region/stressor/ecosystem/species)

5. Continued policy work (with Oceans and Climate Platform and others) to raise awareness of deep ocean in climate change via meeting attendance, reports and assessments at UNFCCC COPs, IPCC Oceans, CBD, SDG14, IPBES and EU initiatives, WCMC, DOOS, IMO, ISA

6. Engage with UN WOA II 7. Enhance public awareness of the role of deep-sea ecosystems in global climate change –

via media, blogs and other channels 8. Continue to promote dedicated ecological studies (international and interdisciplinary

collaborations) and connect with deep-ocean observing strategies and initiatives Fisheries Working Group (40members)

1. Workshop to draft EIA template for use by RFMOs in managing their deep-sea bottom trawl fisheries (Darling Marine Center, Aug 29-30 2017)

2. Further reviews and input to RFMOs and UNGA on conducting EIAs, identifying vulnerable marine ecosystems and other issues related to the implementation of UNGA deep-sea fisheries resolutions in the lead up to 2020 – the year of the next UNGA review of deep-sea fisheries

3. Adapt UNGA/RFMO approach to protecting vulnerable deep seabed ecosystems to ISA regulations on deep-sea mining regulations (underway)

4. Contribute to the DOSI/FAO report on climate change, VMEs and deep-sea fisheries 5. Link with BBNJ/Implementing agreement negotiations – conservation of biodiversity in

ABNJ in relation to deep-sea fisheries 6. Support deep sea implementation of SDG 14.2 “By 2020, sustainably manage and protect

marine and coastal ecosystems to avoid significant adverse impacts, including by strengthening their resilience, and take action for their restoration in order to achieve healthy and productive oceans”

7. Can DOSI facilitate Data Poor programs via RFMOs? Deep-Sea Genetic Resources Working Group (87 members)

1. Explore new working group leadership and membership 2. Re-visit MGR in ABNJ questions raised by 2016 survey

a. Access – code of conduct? Facilitating scientific research? b. Data and samples c. Capacity Development d. Expand focus of WG to include areas within national jurisdiction? Facilitate

addressing issues such as Genetic sequence data?

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3. Cross-cutting issues: funding, institutional frameworks, enabling policy environments for interdisciplinary, international and cross-sectoral collaboration

Knowledge Gaps and Global Ocean Assessments Working Group

1. Identify new leadership for working group 2. Identify major ocean assessments, their scope, how the deep ocean is included and

current adequacy of representation (topics and experts) and active contributors. e.g. WOA1. Members now poised to input to 2nd UN World Ocean Assessment

3. Continue to increase awareness among both deep-sea scientific community and organizations developing assessments of need for input because of the varied and critical role of deep-sea

4. Workshop to organize deep-ocean inputs to assessments, conduct knowledge gap analysis (linkages with all WGs e.g deoxygenation, plumes, pollution) and develop recommendations to rectify gaps. Consideration of adequacy of deep-sea representation in processes (topics and expert representation)

DSTD Working Group (75 members)

1. Identify new lead or co-lead for working group 2. Submit DSTD paper – September (lead Lindsay Vare) 3. Progress forward with participation in the newly formed GESAMP (Joint Group of Experts

on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Environmental Protection) Working Group on the impacts of wastes and other matter in the marine environment from mining operations, including deep-sea mining (WG 42, http://www.gesamp.org/newly-established-gesamp-working-group), led by Dr Tracy Shimmield.

New Technology Working Group (18 members)

1. Work continues on development of software to bridge gap between high quality video data collected in situ and currently available cloud-based image annotation tools, and on easily implementable protocols for meta-barcoding analyses of deep sea meiofauna.

Policy Working Group (30 members)

1. Determine role within DOSI framework 2. How will DOSI engage in IOC International Decade of Ocean Science? Statement of

support that includes role of social sciences (long vs short term tradeoffs in decision making).

3. Need to translate science papers for policy makers and other stakeholders 4. Assess what policy makers may need from DOSI community? 5. Is there a way to gauge effectiveness? Is there a results framework which could account

for DOSI input? 6. Explore ECOSOC Status at UN – application status? 7. Role at 2018 Our Ocean Conference (USA)

Capacity Development Working Group

1. Identify areas across DOSI where it may be useful to develop concerted CD efforts and take these forward

2. Capacity development is a cross-cutting activity which should be, and is, integrated into every WG. Therefore is there a specific role for the WG? To prioritize CD efforts?

Communications Working Group

3. Develop new communications strategy (as outlined above)

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Additional discussion points

Deep-sea data sharing and sensor technology – Torsten Thiele introduced deep ocean data platforms: DOOS, Atlantos, NEKTON OCTOPUS (Ocean Tool for Public Understanding and Science), Ocean Data Alliance (surface ocean) and sensor technologies – all of which DOSI needs to be aware of as we engage in BBNJ and other processes

Ocean Financial Architecture – how to move forward as part of sustainable planet. Lack of taxonomic knowledge is a major obstacle to achieving stewardship Pelagic and bathypelagic realms need further inclusion – e.g. WHOI initiative for

mesopelagic monitoring. NOAA Water column exploration initiative; potential DOSI workshop on impacts of seabed mining on meso and bathypelagic ecosystems

Biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction (BBNJ): deep ocean science is needed to inform the development of the BBNJ instrument (area-based management tools, environmental impact assessments, marine genetic resources, and technology transfer and capacity building) DOSI can inform the international deliberations on these issues

APPENDIX 1: LIST OF ACRONYMS

AAAS American Association for the Advancement of Science

ABNJ Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction

BBNJ Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction

CBD Convention on Biological Diversity

CBE Chemosynthesis-Based Ecosystems

COP UN Climate Change Conference

CoralFISH Ecosystem-based management of coral, fish and fisheries in deep waters of Europe and beyond

DOOS Deep Ocean Observing Strategy

EBSA Ecologically or Biologically Significant Marine Area

ECCWO Effects of Climate Change on the World’s Oceans

ECOSOC United Nations Economic and Social Council

EIA Environmental Impact Assessment

FAO Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations

GESAMP Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Environmental Protection

GOBI Global Ocean Biodiversity Initiative

IMO International Maritime Organisation

INDEEP International network for scientific investigation of deep-sea ecosystems

InterRidge International corporation in Ridge Crest Studies

IOC-UNESCO The Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO

IPBES The Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services

IPCC International Panel on Climate Change

IPIECA International Petroleum Industry Environmental Conservation Association

IRZ Impact Reference Zone

ISA International Seabed Authority

JPI OCEANS The Joint Programming Initiative Healthy and Productive Seas and Oceans

MBON Marine Biodiversity Observation Network

MERCES Marine Ecosystem Restoration in Changing Seas

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MGR Marine Genetic Resources

MIDAS Managing Impacts of Deep-seA reSource exploitation

MPA Marine Protected Area

NOAA OER National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration – Office for Ocean Exploration and Research

PICES The North Pacific Marine Science Organization

PRZ Preservation Reference Zone

RFMO Regional Fisheries Management Organisation

SDG14 Sustainable Development Goal 14

SEMPIA Strategic Environmental Management Plan for deep seabed mineral exploration and exploitation in the Atlantic basin

SUT Society for Underwater Technology

UMI Underwater Mining Institute

UN WOA United National World Ocean Assessment

UNFCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

UNGA United Nations General Assembly

WCMB World Conference on Marine Biodiversity

WCMC The Marine Programme of the UN Environment World Conservation Monitoring Centre

APPENDIX 2: PARTICIPANTS Full Name: Affiliation: Country

Abbie Chapman University of Southampton UK

Adelaide Rhodes Oregon State University USA

Adrian Glover Natural History Museum, London UK

Adriana Gaytan-Caballero Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mexico

Alanna Durkin Temple University USA

Alison Swaddling Australia Australia

Amanda Netburn NOAA and HBOI/FAU USA

Amber Cobley University of Southampton UK

Ana Colaço MARE-IMAR-UAz Portugal

Ana Hilário University of Aveiro Portugal

Ana Loiloi Fekau Tonga Tonga

Andrew Kenny NAFO (EU-UK) FAO UK

Andrey Gebruk P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology Russia

Andy Matkin Gardline UK

Anthony Brian Thompson FAO Sweden

Aria Ritz Finkelstein MIT USA

Arlo Hemphill DSM Observer USA

Ashley Rowden NIWA NZ

Bai Li FAO - NPFC USA

Breezy Grenier University of Rhode Island USA

Bronwen Currie NatMIRC Namibia

Charles Moore The J.M. Kaplan Fund USA

Cherisse Du Preez Pennsylvania State University USA

Chi Lin Wei National Taiwan University Taiwan

Chris Jones NOAA USA

Christian Borowski Max Planck Institute Germany

Clifton C Nunnally Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium USA

Colleen Kavanagh Harvard USA

Costantino Vetriani Rutgers University USA

Craig McClain Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium USA

Dimitri Kalenitchenko UPMC & ULAVAL Canada

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Dionysis Foustoukos Carnegie Institution of Washington USA

Diva Amon Natural History Museum, London Trinidad

Fabio C. De Leo Ocean Networks Canada Canada

Fengping Wang Shanghai JiaoTong University China

Florian Goetz WHOI USA

Francoise Gaill CNRS France

Gollner Sabine NIOZ Netherlands

Harriet Harden-Davies University of Woollongong & DOSI Australia

Heather Olins Boston College USA

Hiroko Muraki Gottieb Mexico Mexico

Hiromi Kayama Watanabe JAMSTEC Japan

Holly Bik UC Riverside USA

Jennifer Le Scripps Institution of Oceanography USA

Jesper Boje FAO - NEAFC Denmark

Jesús Pineda WHOI USA

Jill R. Bourque US Geological Survey USA

Joan Manel Alfaro Lucas Ifremer France

Joana R. Xavier University of Bergen Norway

Judith Gobin University of the West indies Trinidad

Julia Machon UPMC France

Juliana Leonard University of South Florida USA

Julie Huber WHOI USA

Katherine Sosebee FAO – NAFO USA

Kecen Zhou Texas A&M USA

Klaas Gerdes Senckenberg Research Institute Germany

Kristina M Gjerde DOSI & IUCN USA

Lan Yi Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong

Lauren Mullineaux WHOI USA

Les Watling University of Hawaii USA

Lisa Levin Scripps Institution of Oceanography USA

Luoliang Xu FAO - SPRFMO China

Maria Baker University of Southampton & DOSI UK

Marie Portaill France France

Martin Cryer FAO - SPRFMO NZ

Matt Gianni DSCC Nethrlands

Matthew Davidson The J.M. Kaplan Fund USA

Maxim Rubin-Blum Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology Germany

Megan Jungwiwattanaporn Pew Charitable Trusts USA

Michael Sean Heard Snow University of Edinburgh UK

Mohamed Jebbar University of Brest France

Nadine Le Bris Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6 France

Olivia Soares Pereira Scripps Institution of Oceanography USA

Paul Kainge FAO - SEAFO Namibia

Pellizari Instituto Oceanografico Universidade de Sao Paulo Brazil

Phillip Turner Duke University USA

Porter Hoagland WHOI USA

Rachel E Boschen University of Victoria Canada

Robert S Carney Louisiana State University USA

Rose Kautoke Tonga Tonga

Roxanne Beinart University of Rhode Island USA

Sandor Mulsow International Seabed Authority Jamaica

Sarah Seabrook CEOAS, Oregon State University USA

Sebastien Duperron Universite Pierre et Marie Curie France

Se-Jong Ju Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology South Korea

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Stace Beaulieu WHOI USA

Stefan Sievert WHOI USA

Stephanie Sharuga NASEM USA

Susan Mills WHOI USA

Suzanne Garrett Consortium for Ocean Leadership USA

Telmo Morato IMAR U Azores Portugal

Timothy M. Shank WHOI USA

Torsten Thiele LSE USA

Tresa Remya A Thomas National Institute of Oceanography India

Verena Tunnicliffe University of Victoria, Canada Canada

Vika Sivoki Soakai Tonga Tonga

Vivian Pellizari Instituto Oceanografico Universidade de Sao Paulo Brazil

William Cheung University of British Columbia Canada

Won-Kyung Lee Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology South Korea

Xiang Xiao Shanghai JiaoTong University China

DOSI  DAY  Updates  and  future  direction  for  the  Deep  Ocean  Stewardship  

Initiative  

AGENDA    

08:45  Arrive  at  Clark  Lab  Lobby  09:00  DOSI  –  The  Jirst  4  years  (Lisa  Levin/Kristina  Gjerde)  09:20  New  DOSI  opportunities  &  directions  -­‐  Part  1  (Maria  Baker/Harriet  Harden-­‐

Davies)    09:30    Climate  WG  updates  (Nadine  Le  Bris)  09:45  Fisheries  WG  updates  (Les  Watling/Matt  Gianni)    10:00  Deep-­‐Sea  Genetic  Resources  WG  updates  (Harriet  Harden-­‐Davies)  10:10  Oil  &  Gas  WG  updates  (Ashley  Rowden)    10:20  Deep-­‐Sea  Tailings  Disposal  WG  updates  (Maria  Baker)  10:30  Coffee  Break  10:45  Policy  WG  updates  (Suzanne  Garrett)  11:00  New  Technologies,  Capacity  Development,  Knowledge  Gaps  &  Communication  

WG  updates  (Maria  Baker  &  Bronwen  Currie)    11:10  Minerals  WG  updates  (Verena  Tunnicliffe)    11:30  Synergies  &  linkages  between  WGs  &  external  groups  (INDEEP,  DOOS,  others)  

(Lisa  Levin)  11:40  New  DOSI  directions  &  discussion  –  Part  2    (Harriet  Harden-­‐Davies)  12:15  Lunch  (Provided)  13:00  Breakout  –  WG  Planning  Activities    15:30  Coffee  Break  16:00  Plenary  reports  on  breakout  activities  &  Jinal  discussions  17:00  Meeting  end  and  coach  to  CBE6  events    

Location:  WHOI  Clark  Lab  NO.  507  Date:  Sunday  27th  August  2017