WORKSHOP PRACTICES · Working - Assembly parts ... A small rolling Mill A Hammer Mill. An extrusion...
Transcript of WORKSHOP PRACTICES · Working - Assembly parts ... A small rolling Mill A Hammer Mill. An extrusion...
![Page 1: WORKSHOP PRACTICES · Working - Assembly parts ... A small rolling Mill A Hammer Mill. An extrusion Mill: Machining • The process of removing material from a work piece in the form](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e3b1ea1bef7ae27442c5b2c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
WORKSHOPPRACTICES
![Page 2: WORKSHOP PRACTICES · Working - Assembly parts ... A small rolling Mill A Hammer Mill. An extrusion Mill: Machining • The process of removing material from a work piece in the form](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e3b1ea1bef7ae27442c5b2c/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
BASIC STEPS
1. Design concepts
2. Selection of materials
3. Manufacturing
![Page 3: WORKSHOP PRACTICES · Working - Assembly parts ... A small rolling Mill A Hammer Mill. An extrusion Mill: Machining • The process of removing material from a work piece in the form](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e3b1ea1bef7ae27442c5b2c/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
Objectives to achieve Geometry, Size and finish
Prepare for manufacturing Drawing + Material
![Page 4: WORKSHOP PRACTICES · Working - Assembly parts ... A small rolling Mill A Hammer Mill. An extrusion Mill: Machining • The process of removing material from a work piece in the form](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e3b1ea1bef7ae27442c5b2c/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
• Communication of information Shape, size, and features
• Universal language of engineering
• Graphical construction
DRAWING
![Page 5: WORKSHOP PRACTICES · Working - Assembly parts ... A small rolling Mill A Hammer Mill. An extrusion Mill: Machining • The process of removing material from a work piece in the form](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e3b1ea1bef7ae27442c5b2c/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Drawing: Interpretation and creation
Dimensioning: Proper communication
Tolerances: Manufacturer’s limits
DRAWING SKILLS
![Page 6: WORKSHOP PRACTICES · Working - Assembly parts ... A small rolling Mill A Hammer Mill. An extrusion Mill: Machining • The process of removing material from a work piece in the form](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e3b1ea1bef7ae27442c5b2c/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
BASIC INFORMATION
• Projected Views: Show as many views showing completeness.(Front, Side, Top, others.)
•Cross Sections:A view that is good for showing interior features.
• DIMENSIONS: Most important
![Page 7: WORKSHOP PRACTICES · Working - Assembly parts ... A small rolling Mill A Hammer Mill. An extrusion Mill: Machining • The process of removing material from a work piece in the form](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e3b1ea1bef7ae27442c5b2c/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
PROJECTIONS(Orthographic representation)
Front,Top, Side Views. Isometric .
![Page 8: WORKSHOP PRACTICES · Working - Assembly parts ... A small rolling Mill A Hammer Mill. An extrusion Mill: Machining • The process of removing material from a work piece in the form](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e3b1ea1bef7ae27442c5b2c/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
GRAPHIC REPRESENTATION
Two-dimensional representation of three-dimensional objects
![Page 9: WORKSHOP PRACTICES · Working - Assembly parts ... A small rolling Mill A Hammer Mill. An extrusion Mill: Machining • The process of removing material from a work piece in the form](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e3b1ea1bef7ae27442c5b2c/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
DIMENSIONS
To build the structure or fabricate parts
Simple Object 1 Simple Object 2
60 40
30
![Page 10: WORKSHOP PRACTICES · Working - Assembly parts ... A small rolling Mill A Hammer Mill. An extrusion Mill: Machining • The process of removing material from a work piece in the form](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e3b1ea1bef7ae27442c5b2c/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
+ + + +
+ + + +
+ +
Parallel Dimensions Chain Dimensions
Super imposed Dimensions
Combined Dimensions
Co ordinate Dimensions
DEFINING DIMENSIONS
![Page 11: WORKSHOP PRACTICES · Working - Assembly parts ... A small rolling Mill A Hammer Mill. An extrusion Mill: Machining • The process of removing material from a work piece in the form](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e3b1ea1bef7ae27442c5b2c/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
DIMENSIONING FEATURES
CirclesHoles
Radii
![Page 12: WORKSHOP PRACTICES · Working - Assembly parts ... A small rolling Mill A Hammer Mill. An extrusion Mill: Machining • The process of removing material from a work piece in the form](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e3b1ea1bef7ae27442c5b2c/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
TOLERENCES
Dimensional Tolerances +-
Geometric Tolerances
The maximum permissible variation from the dimension
![Page 13: WORKSHOP PRACTICES · Working - Assembly parts ... A small rolling Mill A Hammer Mill. An extrusion Mill: Machining • The process of removing material from a work piece in the form](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e3b1ea1bef7ae27442c5b2c/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
TYPES OF DRAWINGS
Layout - Placements
Working - Assembly parts Schematic/
diagrammatic - Using symbols
![Page 14: WORKSHOP PRACTICES · Working - Assembly parts ... A small rolling Mill A Hammer Mill. An extrusion Mill: Machining • The process of removing material from a work piece in the form](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e3b1ea1bef7ae27442c5b2c/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
PRODUCING DRAWINGS
Manual or with drawing instruments and Other aids such as templates and appliqués,
Free hand with pencil on paper or with automated devices like computers.
![Page 15: WORKSHOP PRACTICES · Working - Assembly parts ... A small rolling Mill A Hammer Mill. An extrusion Mill: Machining • The process of removing material from a work piece in the form](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e3b1ea1bef7ae27442c5b2c/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Hand Drawing
Pencils Pens/Inks Chalk Crayons Drawing Papers and Surfaces Drawing Tools and Accessories Erasers
![Page 16: WORKSHOP PRACTICES · Working - Assembly parts ... A small rolling Mill A Hammer Mill. An extrusion Mill: Machining • The process of removing material from a work piece in the form](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e3b1ea1bef7ae27442c5b2c/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Drawing Tools and Accessories
Compasses Curves Drawing Boards Lettering Stencils and Guides Parallel Rules Protractors, Triangles, and Corner Squares Rulers and Measurement Tools T-Squares Templates
![Page 17: WORKSHOP PRACTICES · Working - Assembly parts ... A small rolling Mill A Hammer Mill. An extrusion Mill: Machining • The process of removing material from a work piece in the form](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e3b1ea1bef7ae27442c5b2c/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
MODERN AIDS
Computer Software
Computer Aided Design - CAD
![Page 18: WORKSHOP PRACTICES · Working - Assembly parts ... A small rolling Mill A Hammer Mill. An extrusion Mill: Machining • The process of removing material from a work piece in the form](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e3b1ea1bef7ae27442c5b2c/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
SELECTION OF MATERIALS
![Page 19: WORKSHOP PRACTICES · Working - Assembly parts ... A small rolling Mill A Hammer Mill. An extrusion Mill: Machining • The process of removing material from a work piece in the form](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e3b1ea1bef7ae27442c5b2c/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Classification of MaterialsBased on the specific application
Structural materials (mechanical parts)
Functional materials (electrical, optical,magnetic, ...)
![Page 20: WORKSHOP PRACTICES · Working - Assembly parts ... A small rolling Mill A Hammer Mill. An extrusion Mill: Machining • The process of removing material from a work piece in the form](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e3b1ea1bef7ae27442c5b2c/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
REQUIREMENTS OF STRUCTURAL MATERIALS
Stiffness Resistance to elastic deformation (wood V/S plastic )
Strength Resistance to plastic deformation ( metal V/S a plastic )
Toughness Resistance to fracture(plastic ruler V/S wood or metal)
![Page 21: WORKSHOP PRACTICES · Working - Assembly parts ... A small rolling Mill A Hammer Mill. An extrusion Mill: Machining • The process of removing material from a work piece in the form](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e3b1ea1bef7ae27442c5b2c/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Electrical materialsConductors, insulators, dielectric …
Magnetic materialsRemanence, saturation magnetization …
Optical materialsTransmission, reflection, refraction
REQUIREMENTS OFFUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
![Page 22: WORKSHOP PRACTICES · Working - Assembly parts ... A small rolling Mill A Hammer Mill. An extrusion Mill: Machining • The process of removing material from a work piece in the form](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e3b1ea1bef7ae27442c5b2c/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
CLASSIFICATION OFENGINEERING MATERIALS
Metals and Alloys:Ferrous Metals Possess good functional and structural properties
ExamplesLow, Medium and High Carbon Steels ( 0.30to ~2.0% ) Stainless Steel containing at least10.5% chromium.
Non-Ferrous Metals Possess good functional properties
ExamplesAluminum / Aluminum alloys, Brass (copper and zinc, 65% to 35%) Bronze
Ceramics and Glasses:Withstand High temperature , usually very brittle and poor electrical conductors
ExamplesCrystalline (ceramics)- Alumina,Zirconia.Non-crystalline (glasses)-
![Page 23: WORKSHOP PRACTICES · Working - Assembly parts ... A small rolling Mill A Hammer Mill. An extrusion Mill: Machining • The process of removing material from a work piece in the form](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e3b1ea1bef7ae27442c5b2c/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
ENGINEERING MATERIALS Polymers: Non-crystalline Organic materials containing carbon.
Most polymers are poor electrical conductors but corrosion resistant.ExamplesThermoplastic. Formed into desired shapes under heat and pressure.(PVC), polycarbonate (PC), and polystyrene (PS). polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyesterThermosetting materials. Formed into desired shapes under heatExamples
Composites: High stiffness, High strength and High temperature performance
Materials where two or more of the above materials are brought together on macroscopic level. Usually they consist of a matrix and a reinforcement.
Example
Metal-matrix composites (MMC) Polymer-matrix composites (PMC) Ceramic-matrix composites (CMC)
![Page 24: WORKSHOP PRACTICES · Working - Assembly parts ... A small rolling Mill A Hammer Mill. An extrusion Mill: Machining • The process of removing material from a work piece in the form](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e3b1ea1bef7ae27442c5b2c/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Alkali metals
Alkaline earths
Non Metals
Gases
MetalloidsMetals
![Page 25: WORKSHOP PRACTICES · Working - Assembly parts ... A small rolling Mill A Hammer Mill. An extrusion Mill: Machining • The process of removing material from a work piece in the form](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e3b1ea1bef7ae27442c5b2c/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
MATERIALS SELECTIONCRITERIA
1. Engineering considerations( Strength, durability..)
2. Cost 3. “Green” ? 4. Easy commercial availability5. Political (Sanctions on nuclear materials)
6. Technology (Cryogenic engines, ….)
![Page 26: WORKSHOP PRACTICES · Working - Assembly parts ... A small rolling Mill A Hammer Mill. An extrusion Mill: Machining • The process of removing material from a work piece in the form](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e3b1ea1bef7ae27442c5b2c/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Materials property charts
Image courtesy: University of Cambridge homepage
![Page 27: WORKSHOP PRACTICES · Working - Assembly parts ... A small rolling Mill A Hammer Mill. An extrusion Mill: Machining • The process of removing material from a work piece in the form](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e3b1ea1bef7ae27442c5b2c/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Manufacturing
![Page 28: WORKSHOP PRACTICES · Working - Assembly parts ... A small rolling Mill A Hammer Mill. An extrusion Mill: Machining • The process of removing material from a work piece in the form](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e3b1ea1bef7ae27442c5b2c/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
MANUFACTURING PROCESSES
Melting & Casting Bulk forming Machining Sheet Metal Forming Joining
![Page 29: WORKSHOP PRACTICES · Working - Assembly parts ... A small rolling Mill A Hammer Mill. An extrusion Mill: Machining • The process of removing material from a work piece in the form](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e3b1ea1bef7ae27442c5b2c/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
MELTING & CASTING
The first step in manufacturing.
In casting, a material in liquid form is poured into a mold where it is allowed to solidify by cooling (metals) or by reaction(plastics).
![Page 30: WORKSHOP PRACTICES · Working - Assembly parts ... A small rolling Mill A Hammer Mill. An extrusion Mill: Machining • The process of removing material from a work piece in the form](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e3b1ea1bef7ae27442c5b2c/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Sand casting
Sand casting is used to make large parts (typically Iron, but also Bronze, Brass,Aluminum.
![Page 31: WORKSHOP PRACTICES · Working - Assembly parts ... A small rolling Mill A Hammer Mill. An extrusion Mill: Machining • The process of removing material from a work piece in the form](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e3b1ea1bef7ae27442c5b2c/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Shell Mould Casting
![Page 32: WORKSHOP PRACTICES · Working - Assembly parts ... A small rolling Mill A Hammer Mill. An extrusion Mill: Machining • The process of removing material from a work piece in the form](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e3b1ea1bef7ae27442c5b2c/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Die-casting
In Die-casting the metal is injected into the mold under high pressure
![Page 33: WORKSHOP PRACTICES · Working - Assembly parts ... A small rolling Mill A Hammer Mill. An extrusion Mill: Machining • The process of removing material from a work piece in the form](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e3b1ea1bef7ae27442c5b2c/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Centrifugal Casting
![Page 34: WORKSHOP PRACTICES · Working - Assembly parts ... A small rolling Mill A Hammer Mill. An extrusion Mill: Machining • The process of removing material from a work piece in the form](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e3b1ea1bef7ae27442c5b2c/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Investment Casting
![Page 35: WORKSHOP PRACTICES · Working - Assembly parts ... A small rolling Mill A Hammer Mill. An extrusion Mill: Machining • The process of removing material from a work piece in the form](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e3b1ea1bef7ae27442c5b2c/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Bulk Forming
Rolling
Forging
Extrusion Drawing
![Page 36: WORKSHOP PRACTICES · Working - Assembly parts ... A small rolling Mill A Hammer Mill. An extrusion Mill: Machining • The process of removing material from a work piece in the form](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e3b1ea1bef7ae27442c5b2c/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Various Mills
A small rolling Mill A Hammer MillAn extrusion Mill
![Page 37: WORKSHOP PRACTICES · Working - Assembly parts ... A small rolling Mill A Hammer Mill. An extrusion Mill: Machining • The process of removing material from a work piece in the form](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e3b1ea1bef7ae27442c5b2c/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Machining
• The process of removing material from a work piece in the form of chips
• A machining process requires a cutting tool & a machine
![Page 38: WORKSHOP PRACTICES · Working - Assembly parts ... A small rolling Mill A Hammer Mill. An extrusion Mill: Machining • The process of removing material from a work piece in the form](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e3b1ea1bef7ae27442c5b2c/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Machining Processes
Turning Milling Drilling Shaping / Planing. Sheet Metal Forming Joining
![Page 39: WORKSHOP PRACTICES · Working - Assembly parts ... A small rolling Mill A Hammer Mill. An extrusion Mill: Machining • The process of removing material from a work piece in the form](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e3b1ea1bef7ae27442c5b2c/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Turning
Turning is performedon a lathe machine
Turning Facing
partingThreading Groving
![Page 40: WORKSHOP PRACTICES · Working - Assembly parts ... A small rolling Mill A Hammer Mill. An extrusion Mill: Machining • The process of removing material from a work piece in the form](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e3b1ea1bef7ae27442c5b2c/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Definition of a Lathe Machine
Bed
Chuck
Tail stock
Tool post
Head stock
![Page 41: WORKSHOP PRACTICES · Working - Assembly parts ... A small rolling Mill A Hammer Mill. An extrusion Mill: Machining • The process of removing material from a work piece in the form](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e3b1ea1bef7ae27442c5b2c/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Parts of a Lathe Machine
![Page 42: WORKSHOP PRACTICES · Working - Assembly parts ... A small rolling Mill A Hammer Mill. An extrusion Mill: Machining • The process of removing material from a work piece in the form](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e3b1ea1bef7ae27442c5b2c/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Head Stock
![Page 43: WORKSHOP PRACTICES · Working - Assembly parts ... A small rolling Mill A Hammer Mill. An extrusion Mill: Machining • The process of removing material from a work piece in the form](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e3b1ea1bef7ae27442c5b2c/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Carriage
![Page 44: WORKSHOP PRACTICES · Working - Assembly parts ... A small rolling Mill A Hammer Mill. An extrusion Mill: Machining • The process of removing material from a work piece in the form](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e3b1ea1bef7ae27442c5b2c/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Tail Stock
www.machinetoolsupplier.com
![Page 45: WORKSHOP PRACTICES · Working - Assembly parts ... A small rolling Mill A Hammer Mill. An extrusion Mill: Machining • The process of removing material from a work piece in the form](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e3b1ea1bef7ae27442c5b2c/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
A CNC Lathe Machine
![Page 46: WORKSHOP PRACTICES · Working - Assembly parts ... A small rolling Mill A Hammer Mill. An extrusion Mill: Machining • The process of removing material from a work piece in the form](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e3b1ea1bef7ae27442c5b2c/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Milling
Milling is a widely-used for producing slots
Face milling
Reaming
![Page 47: WORKSHOP PRACTICES · Working - Assembly parts ... A small rolling Mill A Hammer Mill. An extrusion Mill: Machining • The process of removing material from a work piece in the form](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e3b1ea1bef7ae27442c5b2c/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
A SIMPLE MILLNG MACHINE
![Page 48: WORKSHOP PRACTICES · Working - Assembly parts ... A small rolling Mill A Hammer Mill. An extrusion Mill: Machining • The process of removing material from a work piece in the form](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e3b1ea1bef7ae27442c5b2c/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Milling Machine Parts
1.Face milling cutter2.Spindle 3.Spindle head4.Column 5.Table 6.Saddle 7.Knee 8.Base 9.Spindle switch 10.Spindle speed gear lever
11.Spindle speed control lever12.Oil tank 13/14. Transverse motion
![Page 49: WORKSHOP PRACTICES · Working - Assembly parts ... A small rolling Mill A Hammer Mill. An extrusion Mill: Machining • The process of removing material from a work piece in the form](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e3b1ea1bef7ae27442c5b2c/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Milling Tools
![Page 50: WORKSHOP PRACTICES · Working - Assembly parts ... A small rolling Mill A Hammer Mill. An extrusion Mill: Machining • The process of removing material from a work piece in the form](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e3b1ea1bef7ae27442c5b2c/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
CNC Milling Machine
![Page 51: WORKSHOP PRACTICES · Working - Assembly parts ... A small rolling Mill A Hammer Mill. An extrusion Mill: Machining • The process of removing material from a work piece in the form](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e3b1ea1bef7ae27442c5b2c/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Drilling
Drilling is a process used to produce holes inside solid parts.
![Page 52: WORKSHOP PRACTICES · Working - Assembly parts ... A small rolling Mill A Hammer Mill. An extrusion Mill: Machining • The process of removing material from a work piece in the form](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e3b1ea1bef7ae27442c5b2c/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
A SIMPLE DRILL MACHINE
![Page 53: WORKSHOP PRACTICES · Working - Assembly parts ... A small rolling Mill A Hammer Mill. An extrusion Mill: Machining • The process of removing material from a work piece in the form](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e3b1ea1bef7ae27442c5b2c/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Shaper machine
![Page 54: WORKSHOP PRACTICES · Working - Assembly parts ... A small rolling Mill A Hammer Mill. An extrusion Mill: Machining • The process of removing material from a work piece in the form](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e3b1ea1bef7ae27442c5b2c/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Shaping Machine
Shaping is used to produce surfaces.
![Page 55: WORKSHOP PRACTICES · Working - Assembly parts ... A small rolling Mill A Hammer Mill. An extrusion Mill: Machining • The process of removing material from a work piece in the form](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e3b1ea1bef7ae27442c5b2c/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Sawing
Cutting process
Wood
Metal
Glass
![Page 56: WORKSHOP PRACTICES · Working - Assembly parts ... A small rolling Mill A Hammer Mill. An extrusion Mill: Machining • The process of removing material from a work piece in the form](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e3b1ea1bef7ae27442c5b2c/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Sawing Machines
Hack Saw Band Saw
![Page 57: WORKSHOP PRACTICES · Working - Assembly parts ... A small rolling Mill A Hammer Mill. An extrusion Mill: Machining • The process of removing material from a work piece in the form](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e3b1ea1bef7ae27442c5b2c/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Abrasive Saw
Abrasive cut off saw
![Page 58: WORKSHOP PRACTICES · Working - Assembly parts ... A small rolling Mill A Hammer Mill. An extrusion Mill: Machining • The process of removing material from a work piece in the form](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e3b1ea1bef7ae27442c5b2c/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Grinding
Centreless Grinding
Grinding Wheel
Surface Grinding
![Page 59: WORKSHOP PRACTICES · Working - Assembly parts ... A small rolling Mill A Hammer Mill. An extrusion Mill: Machining • The process of removing material from a work piece in the form](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e3b1ea1bef7ae27442c5b2c/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Grinding Machines
Centreless GrinderWheel Grinder
Surface Grinder
![Page 60: WORKSHOP PRACTICES · Working - Assembly parts ... A small rolling Mill A Hammer Mill. An extrusion Mill: Machining • The process of removing material from a work piece in the form](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e3b1ea1bef7ae27442c5b2c/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Sheet Metal Forming
An important manufacturing process
Sheet bendingSheet cutting
![Page 61: WORKSHOP PRACTICES · Working - Assembly parts ... A small rolling Mill A Hammer Mill. An extrusion Mill: Machining • The process of removing material from a work piece in the form](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e3b1ea1bef7ae27442c5b2c/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Press Break
![Page 62: WORKSHOP PRACTICES · Working - Assembly parts ... A small rolling Mill A Hammer Mill. An extrusion Mill: Machining • The process of removing material from a work piece in the form](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e3b1ea1bef7ae27442c5b2c/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Sheet Metal Forming & drawing
Forming
Sheet Bending
Deep Drawing
![Page 63: WORKSHOP PRACTICES · Working - Assembly parts ... A small rolling Mill A Hammer Mill. An extrusion Mill: Machining • The process of removing material from a work piece in the form](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e3b1ea1bef7ae27442c5b2c/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Welding
Permanently joining metal parts
![Page 64: WORKSHOP PRACTICES · Working - Assembly parts ... A small rolling Mill A Hammer Mill. An extrusion Mill: Machining • The process of removing material from a work piece in the form](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e3b1ea1bef7ae27442c5b2c/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
ARC Welding
![Page 65: WORKSHOP PRACTICES · Working - Assembly parts ... A small rolling Mill A Hammer Mill. An extrusion Mill: Machining • The process of removing material from a work piece in the form](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e3b1ea1bef7ae27442c5b2c/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Oxy Fuel Welding
![Page 66: WORKSHOP PRACTICES · Working - Assembly parts ... A small rolling Mill A Hammer Mill. An extrusion Mill: Machining • The process of removing material from a work piece in the form](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e3b1ea1bef7ae27442c5b2c/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Resistance Welding Brazing & Soldering
![Page 67: WORKSHOP PRACTICES · Working - Assembly parts ... A small rolling Mill A Hammer Mill. An extrusion Mill: Machining • The process of removing material from a work piece in the form](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e3b1ea1bef7ae27442c5b2c/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
LASER PROCESSING
![Page 68: WORKSHOP PRACTICES · Working - Assembly parts ... A small rolling Mill A Hammer Mill. An extrusion Mill: Machining • The process of removing material from a work piece in the form](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e3b1ea1bef7ae27442c5b2c/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
END SLIDE
![Page 69: WORKSHOP PRACTICES · Working - Assembly parts ... A small rolling Mill A Hammer Mill. An extrusion Mill: Machining • The process of removing material from a work piece in the form](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e3b1ea1bef7ae27442c5b2c/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Testing of Materials
![Page 70: WORKSHOP PRACTICES · Working - Assembly parts ... A small rolling Mill A Hammer Mill. An extrusion Mill: Machining • The process of removing material from a work piece in the form](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e3b1ea1bef7ae27442c5b2c/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Historical interest● Mohs
Macro tests● Brinell● Rockwell
Micro tests● Vickers● Knoop● Nanoindentation
Measuring harndess
![Page 71: WORKSHOP PRACTICES · Working - Assembly parts ... A small rolling Mill A Hammer Mill. An extrusion Mill: Machining • The process of removing material from a work piece in the form](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e3b1ea1bef7ae27442c5b2c/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
Mohs scale
Mohs scale 1 Talc
Mohs scale 2 ● Gypsum
Mohs scale 3 Calcite
Mohs scale 4 Fluorite
![Page 72: WORKSHOP PRACTICES · Working - Assembly parts ... A small rolling Mill A Hammer Mill. An extrusion Mill: Machining • The process of removing material from a work piece in the form](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e3b1ea1bef7ae27442c5b2c/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Mohs scale
Mohs scale 5 Apatite
Mohs scale 6 Feldspar
Mohs scale 7 Quartz
Mohs scale 8 Topaz
![Page 73: WORKSHOP PRACTICES · Working - Assembly parts ... A small rolling Mill A Hammer Mill. An extrusion Mill: Machining • The process of removing material from a work piece in the form](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e3b1ea1bef7ae27442c5b2c/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
Mohs scale 9 Corundum
Mohs scale 10 Diamond
![Page 74: WORKSHOP PRACTICES · Working - Assembly parts ... A small rolling Mill A Hammer Mill. An extrusion Mill: Machining • The process of removing material from a work piece in the form](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e3b1ea1bef7ae27442c5b2c/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
● 10 mm dia steel ball
●29 kN force (3000 kgf)
● Softer -less force ●
Harder -Tungsten carbide ball
Brinell hardness
![Page 75: WORKSHOP PRACTICES · Working - Assembly parts ... A small rolling Mill A Hammer Mill. An extrusion Mill: Machining • The process of removing material from a work piece in the form](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e3b1ea1bef7ae27442c5b2c/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
Rockwell hardness
●
Brinell is not trulynondestructive test ● Rockwell -a minor load and
then a major load;
note the depth ofpenetration; read th
![Page 76: WORKSHOP PRACTICES · Working - Assembly parts ... A small rolling Mill A Hammer Mill. An extrusion Mill: Machining • The process of removing material from a work piece in the form](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e3b1ea1bef7ae27442c5b2c/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
StrengthDensity chart
![Page 77: WORKSHOP PRACTICES · Working - Assembly parts ... A small rolling Mill A Hammer Mill. An extrusion Mill: Machining • The process of removing material from a work piece in the form](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e3b1ea1bef7ae27442c5b2c/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
Stiffness—Strength (specific) chart
![Page 78: WORKSHOP PRACTICES · Working - Assembly parts ... A small rolling Mill A Hammer Mill. An extrusion Mill: Machining • The process of removing material from a work piece in the form](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e3b1ea1bef7ae27442c5b2c/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
Textbook
●
Mateials: engineering,science, processing and design,M F Ashby, H Shercliff and D Cebon, Butterworth inemann, 2007
![Page 79: WORKSHOP PRACTICES · Working - Assembly parts ... A small rolling Mill A Hammer Mill. An extrusion Mill: Machining • The process of removing material from a work piece in the form](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e3b1ea1bef7ae27442c5b2c/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
A stadard cell in a chip● Rendering of a small standard
cell with three metal layers (dielectric has been removed).
The sandcolored structures are metal interconnect, with the vertical pillars being contacts, typically plugs of tungsten.The reddish structures arepolysilicon gates, and the solid at the bottom is the crystalline silicon bulk.
●
Image courtesy: wiki (David Carron)
![Page 80: WORKSHOP PRACTICES · Working - Assembly parts ... A small rolling Mill A Hammer Mill. An extrusion Mill: Machining • The process of removing material from a work piece in the form](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e3b1ea1bef7ae27442c5b2c/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
Types of materials
●
Crystalline silicon bulk at the bottom -gives structural support
●
Interconnects, contacts, dielectrics and polysilicon gates -have specific functions in terms of electrical conduction ornonconduction